The metabolic underpinning of eating disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis of insulin sensitivity

Abraham, 2014, Metabolic characterization of adults with binge eating in the general population: the framingham heart study, Obesity, 22, 2441, 10.1002/oby.20867 American Psychiatric Association, 1994 American Psychiatric Association, 2000 American Psychiatric Association, 2013 Begg, 1994, Operating characteristics of a rank correlation test for publication bias, Biometrics, 50, 1088, 10.2307/2533446 Bello, 2010, Oral sensory and cephalic hormonal responses to fat and non-fat liquids in bulimia nervosa, Physiol. Behav., 99, 611, 10.1016/j.physbeh.2010.01.033 Broglio, 2004, The endocrine response to acute ghrelin administration is blunted in patients with anorexia nervosa, a ghrelin hypersecretory state, Clin. Endocrinol., 60, 592, 10.1111/j.1365-2265.2004.02011.x Dolezalova, 2007, Changes of endocrine function of adipose tissue in anorexia nervosa: comparison of circulating levels versus subcutaneous mRNA expression, Clin. Endocrinol., 67, 674, 10.1111/j.1365-2265.2007.02944.x Dostalova, 2008, Plasma concentrations of fibroblast growth factors 19 and 21 in patients with anorexia nervosa, J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 93, 3627, 10.1210/jc.2008-0746 Dostalova, 2006, Adipose tissue resistin levels in patients with anorexia nervosa, Nutrition, 22, 977, 10.1016/j.nut.2006.06.006 Dostalova, 2007, Increased insulin sensitivity in patients with anorexia nervosa: the role of adipocytokines, Physiol. Res., 56, 587, 10.33549/physiolres.931089 Duncan, 2017, Significant locus and metabolic genetic correlations revealed in genome-wide association study of anorexia nervosa, Am. J. Psychiatry, 174, 850, 10.1176/appi.ajp.2017.16121402 Duval, 2000, Trim and fill: a simple funnel‐plot–based method of testing and adjusting for publication bias in meta‐analysis, Biometrics, 56, 455, 10.1111/j.0006-341X.2000.00455.x Dynesen, 2008, Meal-induced compositional changes in blood and saliva in persons with bulimia nervosa, Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 87, 12, 10.1093/ajcn/87.1.12 Egger, 1997, Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test, BMJ, 315, 629, 10.1136/bmj.315.7109.629 Fazeli, 2010, Fibroblast growth factor-21 may mediate growth hormone resistance in anorexia nervosa, J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 95, 369, 10.1210/jc.2009-1730 Geliebter, 2005, Plasma ghrelin concentrations are lower in binge-eating disorder, J. Nutr., 135, 1326, 10.1093/jn/135.5.1326 Hedges, 1981, Distribution theory for Glass's estimator of effect size and related estimators, J. Educ. Stat., 6, 107, 10.3102/10769986006002107 Ioannidis, 2007, The appropriateness of asymmetry tests for publication bias in meta-analyses: a large survey, CMAJ Can. Med. Assoc. J., 176, 1091, 10.1503/cmaj.060410 Karountzos, 2016, The presence of bulimia nervosa aggravates the unhealthy hormonal and metabolic profile in overweight and obese adolescents, vol. 17, 120 Kojima, 2005, Altered ghrelin and peptide YY responses to meals in bulimia nervosa, Clin. Endocrinol., 62, 74, 10.1111/j.1365-2265.2004.02176.x Maimoun, 2016, Evidence of a link between resting energy expenditure and bone remodelling, glucose homeostasis and adipokine variations in adolescent girls with anorexia nervosa, Osteoporos. Int., 27, 135, 10.1007/s00198-015-3223-x Matthews, 1985, Homeostasis model assessment: insulin resistance and beta-cell function from fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations in man, Diab tologia, 28, 412, 10.1007/BF00280883 Mitchell, 2016, Medical comorbidity and medical complications associated with binge-eating disorder, Int. J. Eat. Disord., 49, 319, 10.1002/eat.22452 Moher, 2009, Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement, PLoS Med., 6, 10.1371/journal.pmed.1000097 Nogueira, 2013, Growth hormone level at admission and its evolution during refeeding are predictive of short-term outcome in restrictive anorexia nervosa, Br. J. Nutr., 109, 2175, 10.1017/S000711451200431X Pijl, 1995, Plasma amino acid ratios related to brain serotonin synthesis in response to food intake in bulimia nervosa, Biol. Psychiatry, 38, 659, 10.1016/0006-3223(95)00043-7 Prince, 2009, Systematic review and meta-analysis of the baseline concentrations and physiologic responses of gut hormones to food in eating disorders, Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 89, 755, 10.3945/ajcn.2008.27056 Raevuori, 2015, Highly increased risk of type 2 diabetes in patients with binge eating disorder and bulimia nervosa, Int. J. Eat. Disord., 48, 555, 10.1002/eat.22334 Stroup, 2000, Meta-analysis of observational studies in epidemiology: a proposal for reporting. Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) group, J. Am. Med. Assoc., 283, 2008, 10.1001/jama.283.15.2008 Succurro, 2015, Obese patients with a binge eating disorder have an unfavorable metabolic and inflammatory profile, Medicine (Baltim.), 94 Tagami, 2004, Adiponectin in anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa, J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metabol., 89, 1833, 10.1210/jc.2003-031260 Tanaka, 2003, Eating pattern and the effect of oral glucose on ghrelin and insulin secretion in patients with anorexia nervosa, Clin. Endocrinol., 59, 574, 10.1046/j.1365-2265.2003.01886.x Victor, 2015, Involvement of leucocyte/endothelial cell interactions in anorexia nervosa, Eur. J. Clin. Invest., 45, 670, 10.1111/eci.12454 Volkow, 2005, How can drug addiction help us understand obesity?, Nat. Neurosci., 8, 555, 10.1038/nn1452 Von Hippel, 2015, The heterogeneity statistic I(2) can be biased in small meta-analyses, BMC Med. Res. Methodol., 15, 35, 10.1186/s12874-015-0024-z Weinbrenner, 2003, Body mass index and disease duration are predictors of disturbed bone turnover in anorexia nervosa. A case-control study, Eur. J. Clin. Nutr., 57, 1262, 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601683 World Health Organization, 1992 Yasuhara, 2003, Insulinogenic index at 15 min as a marker of nutritional rehabilitation in anorexia nervosa, Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 77, 292, 10.1093/ajcn/77.2.292 Yasuhara, 2004, Insulinogenic index at 15 min as a marker of stable eating behavior in bulimia nervosa, Clin. Nutr., 23, 711, 10.1016/j.clnu.2003.12.001