The magnitude of translational and rotational head accelerations experienced by riders during downhill mountain biking

Meaney, 2011, Biomechanics of concussion, Clin Sport Med, 30, 19, 10.1016/j.csm.2010.08.009 Union Cycliste Internationale. UCI cycling regulations: part IV mountain bike races. Union Cycliste Internationale 2012; Switzerland:1–68. Hurst, 2006, Power output of field-based downhill mountain biking, J Sports Sci, 24, 1047, 10.1080/02640410500431997 Burr, 2012, Physiological demands of downhill mountain biking, J Sports Sci, 30, 1777, 10.1080/02640414.2012.718091 Hurst, 2013, GPS-Based evaluation of activity profiles in elite downhill mountain biking and the influence of course type, J Sci Cycling, 2, 25 Kronisch, 1996, Acute injuries in cross-country and downhill off-road bicycle racing, Med Sci Sport Exerc, 28, 1351, 10.1097/00005768-199611000-00002 Becker, 2013, A prospective study of downhill mountain biking injuries, Br J Sports Med, 47, 458, 10.1136/bjsports-2012-091755 Florenes, 2009, Injuries among male and female World Cup alpine skiers, Br J Sports Med, 43, 973, 10.1136/bjsm.2009.068759 Hurst, 2017, Profiling of translational and rotational head accelerations in youth BMX with and without neck brace, J Sci Med Sport, 21, 263, 10.1016/j.jsams.2017.05.018 Munce, 2015, Head impact exposure and neurologic function of youth football players, Med Sci Sport Exerc, 47, 1567, 10.1249/MSS.0000000000000591 Lynall, 2016, Head impact biomechanics in women’s college soccer, Med Sci Sport Exerc, 48, 1772, 10.1249/MSS.0000000000000951 Yamazaki, 2015, Analysis of severe head injury in World Cup alpine skiing, Med Sci Sports Exerc, 47, 1113, 10.1249/MSS.0000000000000511 Steenstrup, 2017, Reconstruction of head impacts in FIS World Cup alpine skiing, Br J Sports Med, 0, 1 Scher, 2006, Head injury in snowboarding: evaluating the protective role of helmets, J ASTM Int, 3, 1, 10.1520/JAI14203 McAllister, 2014, Effect of head impacts on diffusivity measures in a cohort of collegiate contact sport athletes, Neurology, 82, 63, 10.1212/01.wnl.0000438220.16190.42 Zhang, 2004, A proposed injury threshold for mild traumatic brain injury, J Biomed Eng, 126, 226 Mertz HJ, Irwin AL. Brain injury risk assessment of frontal crash test results: occupant protection in crash environment. SAE 1994; Paper No. 941056. Gavett, 2011, Chronic traumatic encephalopathy: a potential late effect of sport-related concussive and subconcussive head trauma, Clin Sports Med, 30, 179, 10.1016/j.csm.2010.09.007 Broglio, 2011, Cumulative head impact burden in high school football, J Neurotrauma, 28, 2069, 10.1089/neu.2011.1825 Spiotta, 2001, Subconcussive impact in sports: a new era of awareness, World Neurosurg, 75, 175, 10.1016/j.wneu.2011.01.019 Kawata, 2016, Effect of repetitive sub-concussive head impacts on ocular near point of convergence, Int J Sports Med, 37, 405, 10.1055/s-0035-1569290 Bailes, 2013, Role of subconcussion in repetitive mild traumatic brain injury, J Neurosurg, 119, 1235, 10.3171/2013.7.JNS121822 Siegmund, 2015, Laboratory validation of two wearable sensor systems for measuring head impact severity in football players, Ann Biomed Eng, 44, 1257, 10.1007/s10439-015-1420-6 Cohen, 1988 Veicsteinas, 1984, Energy cost of and energy sources for alpine skiing in top athletes, J Appl Physiol, 56, 1187, 10.1152/jappl.1984.56.5.1187 Beckwith, 2013, Head impact exposure sustained by football players on days of diagnosed concussion, Med Sci Sport Exerc, 45, 737, 10.1249/MSS.0b013e3182792ed7 Davis, 2013, The activity profile of elite male amateur boxing, Int J Sports Physiol Perform, 10, 53, 10.1123/ijspp.2013-0474 Reynolds, 2017, Comparative analysis of head impact in contact and collision sports, J Neurotrauma, 34, 38, 10.1089/neu.2015.4308 Eckner, 2014, Effect of neck muscle strength and anticipatory cervical muscle activation on the kinematic response of the head to impulsive loads, Am J Sport Med, 42, 566, 10.1177/0363546513517869 Hurst, 2018, Profiling of translational and rotational head accelerations in youth BMX with and without neck brace, J Sci Med Sport, 21, 262, 10.1016/j.jsams.2017.05.018