Di sản của các đập lớn tại Hoa Kỳ

Ambio - Tập 50 - Trang 1798-1808 - 2021
Giuliano Di Baldassarre1,2,3, Maurizio Mazzoleni1,2, Maria Rusca1,2
1Department of Earth Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
2Centre of Natural Hazards and Disaster Science (CNDS), Uppsala, Sweden
3Department of Integrated Water Systems and Governance, IHE Delft, Delft, The Netherlands

Tóm tắt

Tính bền vững của các đập lớn đã bị chất vấn trên nhiều phương diện. Một khía cạnh ít được khám phá hơn là việc phát triển các đập và hồ chứa thường tạo điều kiện cho sự mở rộng nông nghiệp và tăng trưởng đô thị, điều này ngược lại lại làm tăng mức tiêu thụ nước. Do đó, sự phát triển của các đập ảnh hưởng đến, đồng thời bị ảnh hưởng bởi, sự phân bổ không gian và thời gian của cả nguồn cung và cầu về tài nguyên nước. Trong bài báo này, chúng tôi khám phá sự tương tác giữa các đập lớn, mô hình tăng trưởng dân số và sự mở rộng nông nghiệp tại Hoa Kỳ trong hai thế kỷ qua. Dựa trên phân tích quy mô lớn về các xu hướng không gian và thời gian, chúng tôi xác định ba giai đoạn khác biệt, trong đó các quá trình khác nhau chi phối sự tương tác. Sau đó, chúng tôi tập trung vào việc sử dụng nước cho nông nghiệp ở khu vực Tây Nam (Arizona, California và Nevada) và khám phá động lực quan hệ giữa cung và cầu, trong đó nguồn cung nước một phần đáp ứng và một phần đáp ứng nhu cầu nước. Cuối cùng, chúng tôi chỉ ra rằng di sản của các đập tại Hoa Kỳ bao gồm một điều kiện kẹt lại được đặc trưng bởi mức tiêu thụ nước cao, đặc biệt là ở khu vực Tây Nam, điều này dẫn đến những cuộc khủng hoảng nước nghiêm trọng và khai thác quá mức nước ngầm khi hạn hán xảy ra.

Từ khóa

#đập lớn #tài nguyên nước #nông nghiệp #tăng trưởng dân số #tiêu thụ nước

Tài liệu tham khảo

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