Phức hợp trung tâm ở côn trùng như một mô hình cho sự phát triển não bộ dị thời—bối cảnh, khái niệm và công cụ

Nikolaus Dieter Bernhard Koniszewski1,2, Martin Kollmann3, Mahdiyeh Bigham1, Max Farnworth1, Bicheng He1, Marita Büscher1, Wolf Hütteroth3,4, Marlene Binzer3, Joachim Schachtner3, Gregor Bucher1
1Department of Evolutionary Developmental Genetics, Johann-Friedrich-Blumenbach Institute, GZMB, CNMPB, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
2Institute of Medical Microbiology, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
3Department of Biology, Animal Physiology, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
4Department of Biology, Neurobiology, University of Konstanz, Constance, Germany

Tóm tắt

Não bộ côn trùng trưởng thành được cấu thành từ các khu vực nơ-ron có mặt ở hầu hết các loại. Tuy nhiên, kích thước tương đối, hình dạng và thời điểm phát triển khác nhau giữa các loài. Đa dạng về hình thái não bộ côn trùng trưởng thành đã được mô tả sâu sắc trong khi các cơ chế di truyền của sự phát triển não chủ yếu được nghiên cứu ở Drosophila melanogaster. Tuy nhiên, vẫn chưa rõ các cơ chế tế bào và di truyền nào làm cơ sở cho sự tiến hóa của đa dạng khu vực thần kinh hoặc sự phát triển dị thời. Trong bài viết này, chúng tôi đề xuất một cách tiếp cận mới để nghiên cứu các câu hỏi này. Chúng tôi gợi ý sử dụng chỉnh sửa gen để đánh dấu các tế bào thần kinh đồng hình trong ruồi D. melanogaster, bọ cánh cứng Tribolium castaneum, và châu chấu đồng Gryllus bimaculatus để điều tra sự khác biệt phát triển dẫn đến sự đa dạng của não bộ. Một khía cạnh thú vị là sự dị thời được quan sát trong sự phát triển của phức hợp trung tâm. Organ phức hợp trung tâm được hình thành trong quá trình phát triển phôi (như ở Gryllus) nhưng ở Drosophila, nó phát sinh trong giai đoạn ấu trùng muộn và giai đoạn biến hình. Ở Tribolium, nó hình thành một phần trong quá trình phát triển phôi. Cuối cùng, chúng tôi trình bày các công cụ cho nghiên cứu não ở Tribolium bao gồm việc tái tạo 3D và dữ liệu hóa sinh miễn dịch của não bộ giai đoạn đầu và tạo ra các dòng hình ảnh não biến đổi gen. Hơn nữa, chúng tôi mô tả các dòng báo cáo đánh dấu các thể nấm và phản ánh sự biểu hiện của gen đánh dấu tế bào thần kinh Tc-asense tương ứng.

Từ khóa

#não bộ côn trùng #phát triển dị thời #phức hợp trung tâm #Drosophila melanogaster #Tribolium castaneum #Gryllus bimaculatus

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