The inner structural variation of the primate tibial plateau characterized by high-resolution microtomography. Implications for the reconstruction of fossil locomotor behaviours

Ahluwalia, K., 2000. Knee joint load as determined by tibial subchondral bone density: its relationship to gross morphology and locomotor behavior in catarrhines. PhD Thesis, State University of New York, Stony Brook, 315 p. Aiello, 1990 Bondioli, 2010, Morphometric maps of long bone shafts and dental roots for imaging topographic thickness variation, Am. J. Phys. Anthropol., 142, 328 Chilès, 1999 Churchill, 1998, Cold adaptation, heterochrony, and Neandertals, Evol. Anthropol., 7, 46, 10.1002/(SICI)1520-6505(1998)7:2<46::AID-EVAN2>3.0.CO;2-N Cunningham, 2009, Anticipating bipedalism: trabecular organization in the newborn ilium, J. Anat., 214, 817, 10.1111/j.1469-7580.2009.01073.x Dean, 2003, A digital radiographic atlas of great apes skull and dentition DeFrate, 2004, In vivo tibiofemoral contact analysis using 3D MRI-based knee models, J. Biomech., 37, 1499, 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2004.01.012 Ding, 2000, Age variations in the properties of human tibial trabecular bone and cartilage, Acta Orthop. Scandin., 71, 1, 10.1080/000164700753749791 Ding, 2000, Quantification of age-related changes in the structure model type and trabecular thickness of human tibial cancellous bone, Bone, 26, 291, 10.1016/S8756-3282(99)00281-1 Ding, 2002, Age-related variations in the microstructure of human tibial cancellous bone, J. Orthop. Res., 20, 615, 10.1016/S0736-0266(01)00132-2 Edward, 1989 Fajardo, 2007, Nonhuman anthropoid primate femoral neck trabecular architecture and its relationship to locomotor mode, Anat. Rec., 290, 422, 10.1002/ar.20493 Fajardo, 2002, Assessing the accuracy of high-resolution X-ray computed tomography of primate trabecular bone by comparisons with histological sections, Am. J. Phys. Anthropol., 118, 1, 10.1002/ajpa.10086 Freeman, 2005, The movement of the normal tibio-femoral joint, J. Biomech., 38, 197, 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2004.02.006 Galik, 2004, External and internal morphology of the BAR 1003′00 Orrorin tugenensis femur, Science, 305, 1450, 10.1126/science.1098807 Gosman, 2008, Patterns in ontogeny of human trabecular bone from SunWatch village in the prehistoric Ohio Valley: general features of microarchitectural change, Am. J. Phys. Anthropol., 138, 318, 10.1002/ajpa.20931 Gringarten, 2001, Variogram interpretation and modeling, Math. Geol., 33, 507, 10.1023/A:1011093014141 Gumiaux, 2003, Geostatistics applied to best-fit interpolation of orientation data, Technophys., 376, 241, 10.1016/j.tecto.2003.08.008 Heim, J.-L., 1982. Les hommes fossiles de La Ferrassie. Arch. Inst. Paléontol. Humaine. 38, Paris, 272 p. Hirasaki, 2004, Do highly trained monkeys walk like humans? A kinematic study of bipedal locomotion in bipedally trained Japanese macaques, J. Hum. Evol., 46, 739, 10.1016/j.jhevol.2004.04.004 Huiskes, 2000, If bone is the answer, then what is the question?, J. Anat., 197, 145, 10.1046/j.1469-7580.2000.19720145.x Huiskes, 2000, Effects of mechanical forces on maintenance and adaptation of form in trabecular bone, Nature, 405, 704, 10.1038/35015116 Hunt, 1996, Standardized descriptions of primate locomotor and postural modes, Primates, 37, 363, 10.1007/BF02381373 Hurwitz, 1998, Dynamic knee loads during gait predict proximal tibial bone distribution, J. Biomech., 31, 423, 10.1016/S0021-9290(98)00028-1 Iwaki, 2000, Tibio-femoral movement 1: the shapes and relative movements of the femur and tibia in the unloaded cadaver knee studied by dissection and MRI, J. Bone Joint Surg., 82-B, 1189, 10.1302/0301-620X.82B8.10717 Jang, 2010, Computational simulation of simultaneous cortical and trabecular bone change in human proximal femur during bone remodeling, J. Biomech., 43, 294, 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2009.08.012 Johal, 2005, Tibio-femoral movement in the living knee. An in-vivo study of weight bearing and non-weight bearing knee kinematics using ‘interventional’ MRI, J. Biomech., 38, 269, 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2004.02.008 Kivel, 2009, Independent evolution of knuckle-walking in African apes shows that humans did not evolve from a knuckle-walking ancestor, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 106, 14241, 10.1073/pnas.0901280106 2005, J. Biomech., 38, 195, 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2004.11.010 Link, 1998, A comparative study of trabecular bone properties in the spine and femur using high-resolution MRI and CT, J. Bone Miner. Res., 13, 122, 10.1359/jbmr.1998.13.1.122 Lovejoy, 2007, The natural history of the human gait and posture. Part 3. The knee, Gait Posture, 25, 325, 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2006.05.001 Lovejoy, 2002, The Maka femur and its bearing on the antiquity of human walking: applying contemporary concepts of morphogenesis to the human fossil record, Am. J. Phys. Anthropol., 119, 97, 10.1002/ajpa.10111 Macchiarelli, 1999, Hip bone trabecular architecture shows uniquely distinctive locomotor behaviour in South African australopithecines, J. Hum. Evol., 36, 211, 10.1006/jhev.1998.0267 Macchiarelli, 2001, Comparative analysis of the iliac trabecular architecture in extant and fossil primates by means of digital image processing techniques: implications for the reconstruction of fossil locomotor behaviours, vol. 2, 60 Macchiarelli, 2001, Functional adaptation of the iliac and the femoral cancellous network in a bipedal-trained Japanese macaque, Am. J. Phys. Anthropol., 99 Macchiarelli, 2007, L’apport des nouvelles technologies à l’étude des Néandertaliens, 169 Macchiarelli, 2008, Virtual dentitions: touching the hidden evidence, 426 Macchiarelli, 2009, Ouranopithecus macedoniensis (Mammalia, Primates Hominoidea): virtual reconstruction and 3D analysis of a juvenile mandibular dentition (RPl-82 and RPl-83), Geodiversitas, 31, 851, 10.5252/g2009n4a851 MacLatchy, 2002, A comparison of the femoral head and neck trabecular architecture of Galago and Perodicticus using microcomputed tomoghraphy (μCT), J. Hum. Evol., 43, 89, 10.1006/jhev.2002.0559 Maga, 2006, Preliminary observations on the calcaneal trabecular microarchitecture of extant large-bodied hominoids, Am. J. Phys. Anthropol., 129, 410, 10.1002/ajpa.20276 Martin, 1998 Mazurier, 2006, Relations entre comportement locomoteur et variation cortico-trabéculaire du plateau tibial chez les Primates: analyse quantitative non-invasive à haute résolution (SR-μCT) et applications au registre fossile. PhD Thesis, Université de Poitiers, 388 p Mazurier, 2006, Spécificités endo-structurales du plateau tibial néandertalien. Analyse à haute-résolution du spécimen La Ferrassie 2, Bull. Mém. Soc. Anthrop. Paris, 18, 233 Mazurier, 2004, L’empreinte du comportement locomoteur dans l’organisation structurale fine du plateau tibial, Bull. Mém. Soc. Anthrop. Paris, 16 Mazurier, 2005, High-resolution (3D SR-μCT-based) structural analysis of the primate proximal tibia: evidence for locomotion-related topographic variation, Am. J. Phys. Anthropol., 147 Mazurier, 2007, Structural signature of bipedal training in the tibial plateau of a Japanese macaque, Am. J. Phys. Anthropol., 167 Mazurier, 2006, Improved noninvasive microstructural analysis of fossil tissues by means of SR-microtomography, Appl. Phys. A Mat. Sc. Process, 83, 229, 10.1007/s00339-006-3511-6 Milz, 1994, Quantitative morphology of the subchondral plate of the tibial plateau, J. Anat., 185, 103 Mockenhaupt, 1988, Densitometric analysis of the subchondral compact bone of the tibial plateau, 404 Mow, 1992 Müller-Gerbl, 1998, The subchondral bone plate, Adv. Anat. Embryol. Cell Biol., 141, 1, 10.1007/978-3-642-72019-2_1 Murasaki, 1982, Walk! Jump! Sampei. Chikuma-shobo, Tokyo Nakatsukasa, 2004, Acquisition of bipedalism: the Miocene hominoid record and modern analogues for bipedal protohominids, J. Anat., 204, 385, 10.1111/j.0021-8782.2004.00290.x Nakatsukasa, 2003, Skeletal response to bipedalism in macaques, with emphasis on cortical bone distribution of the femur, Cour. Forsch-Inst. Sencken., 243, 35 Nakatsukasa, 1995, Postcranial skeleton of a macaque trained for bipedal standing and walking and implications for functional adaptation, Folia Primatol., 64, 1, 10.1159/000156828 Odgaard, 1997, Fabric and elastic principal directions of cancellous bone are closely related, J. Biomech., 30, 487, 10.1016/S0021-9290(96)00177-7 Ogihara, 2009, Three-dimensional musculoskeletal kinematics during bipedal locomotion in the Japanese macaque, reconstructed based on an anatomical model-matching method, J. Hum. Evol., 58, 252, 10.1016/j.jhevol.2009.11.009 Ohman, 1997, Cortical bone distribution in the femoral neck of hominoids: implications for the locomotion of Australopithecus afarensis, Am. J. Phys. Anthropol., 104, 117, 10.1002/(SICI)1096-8644(199709)104:1<117::AID-AJPA8>3.0.CO;2-O Patel, 2007, Bone density spatial patterns in the distal radius reflect habitual hand postures adopted by quadrupedal primates, J. Hum. Evol., 52, 130, 10.1016/j.jhevol.2006.08.007 Pearson, 2004, The aging of Wolff's “law”: ontogeny and responses to mechanical loading in cortical bone, Yearb. Phys. Anthrop., 47, 63, 10.1002/ajpa.20155 Pickford, 2002, Bipedalism in Orrorin tugenensis revealed by its femora, C. R. Palevol, 1, 191, 10.1016/S1631-0683(02)00028-3 Pradel, 2009, Skull and brain of a 300-million-year-old chimaeroid fish revealed by synchrotron holotomography, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., 106, 5224, 10.1073/pnas.0807047106 Rafferty, 1998, Structural design of the femoral neck in primates, J. Hum. Evol., 34, 361, 10.1006/jhev.1997.0202 Richmond, 2005, Trabecular bone structure in a bipedally trained macaque, Am. J. Phys. Anthropol., Suppl. 40, 175 Rook, 1999, Oreopithecus was a bipedal ape after all: evidence from the iliac cancellous architecture, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 96, 8795, 10.1073/pnas.96.15.8795 Ruff, 2002, Long bone articular and diaphyseal structure in Old World monkeys and apes I: locomotor effects, Am. J. Phys. Anthropol., 119, 305, 10.1002/ajpa.10117 Ruff, 2006, Who's afraid of the big bad Wolff? “Wolff's law” and bone functional adaptation, Am. J. Phys. Anthropol., 129, 484, 10.1002/ajpa.20371 Ruimerman, 2005, A theoretical framework for strain-related trabecular bone maintenance and adaptation, J. Biomech., 38, 931, 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2004.03.037 Ryan, 2002, The three-dimensional structure of trabecular bone in the femoral head of strepsirrhine primates, J. Hum. Evol., 43, 1, 10.1006/jhev.2002.0552 Ryan, 2002, Femoral head trabecular bone structure in two omomyid primates, J. Hum. Evol., 43, 241, 10.1006/jhev.2002.0575 Ryan, 2005, Angular orientation of trabecular bone in the femoral head and its relationship to hip joint loads in leaping primates, J. Morph., 265, 249, 10.1002/jmor.10315 Ryan, 2006, Trabecular bone ontogeny in the human proximal femur, J. Hum. Evol., 51, 591, 10.1016/j.jhevol.2006.06.004 Tafforeau, 2006, Applications of X-ray synchrotron microtomography for non-destructive 3D studies of paleontological specimens, Appl. Phys. A, Mat. Sc. Process., 83, 195, 10.1007/s00339-006-3507-2 Tardieu, 1983 Trinkaus, 1999, Diaphyseal cross-sectional geometry of Near Eastern Middle Paleolithic humans: the tibia, J. Archaeol. Sci., 26, 1289, 10.1006/jasc.1998.0361 Volpato, 2008, Morphogenèse de l’endostructure osseuse de l’ilion humain, C. R. Palevol., 7, 463, 10.1016/j.crpv.2008.06.001 Volpato, 2010, Spy I and II. Internal structure of the femurs and tibia Volpato, 2008, Textural characteristics of the iliac-femoral trabecular pattern in a bipedally-trained Japanese macaque, Primates, 49, 16, 10.1007/s10329-007-0053-2 Zollikofer, 2001, Computer-assisted morphometry of hominoid fossils: the role of morphometric maps, vol. 2, 50