The influence of obesity by a diet high in saturated fats and carbohydrates balance in the manifestation of systemic complications and comorbidities

Nutrire - Tập 42 Số 1 - 2017
Caroline Soares Adorni1, Camila Renata Corrêa2, Danielle Fernandes Vileigas1, Dijon Henrique Salomé de Campos1, Carlos Roberto Padovani3, Igor Otávio Minatel4, Antônio Carlos Cicogna1
1Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, Brazil
2Department of Pathology, Botucatu School of Medicine, São Paulo State University–UNESP, Distrito de Rubião Jr s/n, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
3Department of Biostatistics, Botucatu Biosciences Institute, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, Brazil
4Department of Biochemistry, Botucatu Biosciences Institute, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, Brazil

Tóm tắt

Abstract Background The aim of this study is to test the hypothesis that obesity induced by a diet rich in saturated fats and balanced in carbohydrates is associated with the development of systemic complications and comorbidities. Methods Thirty-seven 60-day-old male Wistar rats were randomized into two groups: control (C, n = 18, standard diet) and obese (OB, n = 19, high-saturated fat diet), for 33 weeks. Nutritional profile: food and caloric intake, feed efficiency, body weight, and adiposity index. Complications: in plasma were analyzed dyslipidemia, insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), glucose intolerance, hyperleptinemia, hyperinsulinemia, plasmatic C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α); in the myocardial and epididymal adipose tissue were assessed IL-6 and TNF-α. Comorbidities: diabetes mellitus and systemic blood pressure (SBP). Student’s t test, ANOVA, and Bonferroni P < 0.05. Results The final body weight, feed efficiency, and adiposity index were higher in OB group than in control; although food intake was lower in OB group, caloric intake was similar in both groups. Specific parameters, such as LDL, cholesterol, triglycerides, HOMA-IR, CRP, TNF-α in epididymal adipose tissue, and IL-6 in the myocardium, were higher in obese rats than in controls. SBP, baseline glucose, and glucose after 2 h of overload were significantly increased in OB group; however, the severity was not enough to classify the animals as diabetic and hypertensive. Conclusion Obesity induced by a diet high in saturated fatty acids with balanced carbohydrates for 33 weeks in Wistar rats was effective in triggering complications but unable to develop comorbidities.

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