The impacts of fine sediment on riverine fish

Acornley, 1999, Sediment transport and siltation of brown trout (Salmo trutta L.) spawning gravels in chalk streams, Hydrological Processes, 13, 447, 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1085(19990228)13:3<447::AID-HYP749>3.0.CO;2-G

Ahlbert, 1969, The organization of the cone cells in the retina of four teleosts with different feeding habits (Perca fluviatilis L., Lucioperca lucioperca L., Acerina cernua L., Coregonus albula L.), Arkiv for zoologi, 22, 445

Alabaster, 1982, Water Quality Criteria for Freshwater Fish, 361

Ali, 1977, Photoreceptors and visual pigments as related to behavioural responses and preferred habitats of perches (Perca spp.) and pike-perches (Stizostedion spp.), Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, 34, 1475, 10.1139/f77-212

Anderson PG Taylor BR Balch GC 1996 Quantifying the Effects of Sediment Release on Fish and Their Habitats 110

Anderson, 2007, Forage nutritive quality in the Serengeti ecosystem: the roles of fire and herbivory, American Naturalist, 170, 343, 10.1086/520120

Angradi, 1999, Fine sediment and macroinvertebrate assemblages in Appalachian streams: a field experiment with biomonitoring applications, Journal of the North American Benthological Society, 18, 49, 10.2307/1468008

Appleby, 1989, Physical effects of suspended solids on marine and estuarine fish and shellfish with special reference to ocean dumping: a literature review, Canadian Technical Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 1, 1681

Ballantine, 2009, The content and storage of phosphorus in fine-grained channel bed sediment in contrasting lowland agricultural catchments in the UK, Geoderma, 151, 141, 10.1016/j.geoderma.2009.03.021

Banister, 1986, Fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean, 640

Baras, 1992, Etude des strategies d'occupation du temps et de l'espace chez le barbeau fluviatile, Barbus barbus (L.), Cahiers d'ethologie, 12, 125

Bardonnet, 1994, The influence of potential predators on the habitat preferenda of emerging brown trout, Journal of Fish Biology, 45, 131, 10.1111/j.1095-8649.1994.tb01088.x

Barrett, 1992, Turbidity induced changes in reactive distance of rainbow trout, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 121, 437, 10.1577/1548-8659(1992)121<0437:TICIRD>2.3.CO;2

Barthelmes, 1983, Effects of eutrophication and fisheries management on fish faunas of cyprinid lakes, Roczniki Nauk Rolniczych, Series H, 100, 31

Barton, 1977, Short-term effects of highway construction on the limnology of a small stream in southern Ontario, Freshwater Biology, 7, 99, 10.1111/j.1365-2427.1977.tb01661.x

Bash J Berman C Bolton S 2001 Effects of Turbidity and Suspended Solids on Salmonids 50

Berg, 1985, Changes in territorial, gill-flaring, and feeding behaviour in juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) following short-term pulses of suspended sediment, Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 42, 1410, 10.1139/f85-176

Bergman, 1988, Foraging abilities and niche breadths of two percids, Perca fluviatilis and Gymnocephalus cernua, under different environmental conditions, Journal of Animal Ecology, 572, 443, 10.2307/4916

Bergstedt, 1997, Health and movements of fish in response to sediment sluicing in the Wind River, Wyoming, Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 54, 312, 10.1139/cjfas-54-2-312

Berkman, 1987, Effects of siltation on stream fish communities, Environmental Biology of Fishes, 18, 285, 10.1007/BF00004881

Berry W Rubenstein N Melzian B 2003 The biological effects of suspended and bedded sediment (SABS) in aquatic systems: a review 102

Bilotta, 2008, Understanding the influence of suspended solids on water quality and aquatic biota, Water Research, 42, 2849, 10.1016/j.watres.2008.03.018

Birtwell IK Hartman GF Anderson B McLeay DJ Malick JG 1984 A brief investigation of Arctic grayling (Thymallus arcticus) and aquatic invertebrates in the Minto Creek drainage, Mayo, Yukon territory: an area subjected to placer mining 1 57

Bisson, 1982, Avoidance of suspended sediment by juvenile coho salmon, North American Journal of Fisheries Management, 2, 371, 10.1577/1548-8659(1982)2<371:AOSSBJ>2.0.CO;2

Bisson, 2005, Ecological response to the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens, 163, 10.1007/0-387-28150-9_12

Bjerkli, 1985, Gold-mining effects on stream hydrology and water quality, Circle Quadrangle, Alaska, Water Resources Bulletin, 21, 235, 10.1111/j.1752-1688.1985.tb00133.x

Bo, 2007, Effects of clogging on stream macroinvertebrates: an experimental approach, Limnologica-Ecology and Management of Inland Waters, 37, 186, 10.1016/j.limno.2007.01.002

Bond, 2003, The independent and interactive effects of fine sediment and flow on benthic invertebrate communities characteristic of small upland streams, Freshwater Biology, 48, 455, 10.1046/j.1365-2427.2003.01016.x

Bonner, 2002, Effects of turbidity on prey consumption by prairie stream fishes, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 131, 1203, 10.1577/1548-8659(2002)131<1203:EOTOPC>2.0.CO;2

Borchardt, 1993, Effects of flow and refugia on drift loss of benthic macroinvertebrates: implications for habitat restoration in lowland streams, Freshwater Biology, 29, 221, 10.1111/j.1365-2427.1993.tb00759.x

Boubee, 1997, Avoidance of suspended sediment by the juvenile migratory stage of six New Zealand native fish species, New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 31, 61, 10.1080/00288330.1997.9516745

Breitburg, 1988, Effects of turbidity on prey consumption by striped bass larvae, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 117, 72, 10.1577/1548-8659(1988)117<0072:EOTOPC>2.3.CO;2

Brittain, 1988, Invertebrate drift-a review, Hydrobiologia, 166, 77, 10.1007/BF00017485

Brookes, 1986, Response of aquatic vegetation to sedimentation downstream from river channelization works in England and Wales, Biological Conservation, 38, 352, 10.1016/0006-3207(86)90060-1

Brookes, 1995, Changing River Channels, 369

Brown, 1998, Impacts of gravel mining on gravel bed streams, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 127, 979, 10.1577/1548-8659(1998)127<0979:IOGMOG>2.0.CO;2

Bruton, 1985, The effects of suspensoids on fish, Hydrobiologia, 125, 221, 10.1007/BF00045937

Bryant, 1984, Proceedings of the Olympic Wild Fish Conference. Fisheries Technology Programme, 183

Bunt, 2004, Effects of incremental increases in silt load on the cardiovascular performance of riverine and lacustrine rock bass, Ambloplites rupestris, Environmental Pollution, 138, 437, 10.1016/j.envpol.2003.09.015

Burkhead, 2001, Effects of suspended sediment on the reproductive success of the tricolour shiner, a crevice-spawning minnow, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 130, 959, 10.1577/1548-8659(2001)130<0959:EOSSOT>2.0.CO;2

Carlson, 1984, The influence of pH, dissolved oxygen, suspended solids or dissolved solids upon ventilatory and cough frequencies in the bluegill (Lepomis machrochirus) and brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis), Environment Pollution Series A Ecological and Biological, 34, 149, 10.1016/0143-1471(84)90055-2

Chapman, 1966, Food and space as regulators of salmonid populations in streams, American Naturalist, 100, 345, 10.1086/282427

Chapman, 1988, Critical review of variables used to define effects of fines in redds of large salmonids, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 117, 1, 10.1577/1548-8659(1988)117<0001:CROVUT>2.3.CO;2

Cirmo, 1993, Beaver pond biogeochemistry: acid neutralizing capacity generation in a headwater wetland, Wetlands, 13, 277, 10.1007/BF03161294

Clarke, 2001, Sediment nutrient characteristics and aquatic macrophytes in lowland English rivers, The Science of the Total Environment, 266, 103, 10.1016/S0048-9697(00)00754-3

Collins, 2008, Assessing the likelihood of catchments across England and Wales meeting ‘good ecological status’ due to sediment contributions from agricultural sources, Environmental Science and Policy, 11, 163, 10.1016/j.envsci.2007.07.008

Collins, 2009a, The potential impact of projected change in farming by 2015 on the importance of the agricultural sector as a sediment source in England and Wales, Catena, 79, 243, 10.1016/j.catena.2009.05.007

Collins, 2009b, Predicting potential change in agricultural sediment inputs to rivers across England and Wales by 2015, Marine and Freshwater Research, 60, 626, 10.1071/MF08033

Collins, 2009c, Emerging priorities in the management of diffuse pollution at catchment scale, International Journal of River Basin Management, 7, 179, 10.1080/15715124.2009.9635381

Collins, 2007a, The storage and provenance of fine sediment on the channel bed of two contrasting lowland permeable catchments, UK, River Research and Applications, 23, 429, 10.1002/rra.992

Collins, 2007b, Fine-grained bed sediment storage within the main channel systems of the Frome and Piddle catchments, Dorset, UK, Hydrological Processes, 21, 1448, 10.1002/hyp.6269

Collins, 1997, Source type ascription for fluvial suspended sediment based on a quantitative composite fingerprinting technique, Catena, 29, 1, 10.1016/S0341-8162(96)00064-1

Collins, 2005, Sediment Budgets 1 (pp. 259-268), 363

Copp, 1989, The habitat diversity and fish reproductive function of floodplain ecosystems, Environmental Biology of Fishes, 26, 1, 10.1007/BF00002472

Cordone, 1961, The influence of inorganic sediment on the aquatic life of streams, California Fish and Game, 47, 189

Cotton, 2006, The effects of seasonal changes to instream vegetation cover on patterns of flow and accumulation of sediment, Geomorphology, 77, 320, 10.1016/j.geomorph.2006.01.010

Cowx, 1983, The biology of bream, Abramis brama (L), and its natural hybrid with roach, Rutilus rutilus (L), in the River Exe, Journal of Fish Biology, 22, 631, 10.1111/j.1095-8649.1983.tb04223.x

Cowx, 1989, Interaction between roach (Rutilus rutilus) and dace (Leuciscus leuciscus) populations in a river catchment in the south-west of England, Journal of Fish Biology, 35, 279, 10.1111/j.1095-8649.1989.tb03071.x

Cowx, 1990, Growth and reproduction tactics of roach, Rutilus rutilus (L.), and dace, Leuciscus leuciscus (L.), populations in the Rives Exe and Culm, England, Polskie Archiwum Hydrobiologii, 37, 195

Cragg-Hine, 1969, The Growth of Dace Leuciscus leuciscus (L.), Roach Rutilus rutilus (L.) and Chub Squalius cephalus (L.) in Willow Brook, Northamptonshire, Journal of Fish Biology, 1, 59, 10.1111/j.1095-8649.1969.tb03845.x

Crisp, 1989, Some impacts of human activities on trout, Salmo trutta, populations, Freshwater Biology, 5, 21, 10.1111/j.1365-2427.1989.tb01345.x

Crisp, 1993, The ability of UK salmonid alevins to emerge through a sand layer, Journal of Fish Biology, 43, 656, 10.1111/j.1095-8649.1993.tb00451.x

Crisp, 1996, Environmental requirements of common riverine European salmonid fish species in fresh water with particular reference to physical and chemical aspects, Hydrobiologia, 323, 201, 10.1007/BF00007847

Crisp, 2000, Trout and Salmon: Ecology, Conservation and Rehabilitation, 212, 10.1002/9780470999776

Crisp, 1989, Observations on siting, dimensions and structure of salmonid redds, Journal of Fish Biology, 34, 119, 10.1111/j.1095-8649.1989.tb02962.x

Crisp, 1970, A quantitative description of the recovery of the bottom fauna in a muddy reach of a mill stream in southern England after draining and dredging, Hydrobiologia, 67, 502

Crowder, 1982, Habitat structural complexity and the interaction between bluegills and their prey, Ecology, 63, 1802, 10.2307/1940122

Culp, 1986, Response of stream benthos and drift to fine sediment deposition versus transport, Canadian Journal of Zoology, 64, 1345, 10.1139/z86-200

Cunjak, 1998, Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in winter: “the season of parr discontent”, Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 55, 161, 10.1139/d98-008

Curry, 2004, Population-level responses to sediment during early life in brook trout, Journal of the North American Benthological Society, 23, 140, 10.1899/0887-3593(2004)023<0140:PRTSDE>2.0.CO;2

Davies-Colley, 1992, Effect of clay discharges on streams. 1. Optical properties and epilithon, Hydrobiologia, 248, 215, 10.1007/BF00006149

DeVries, 2008, Salmonid Spawning habitat in Rivers; Physical controls, biological responses and approaches to Remediation, 121

DeYoung CJ 2007 89

Doan, 1941, Relation of auger catch to turbidity in Lake Erie, Ohio Journal of Science, 41, 449

Dobson, 1998, Ecology of Aquatic Ecosystems, 390

Dodds, 2002, Water velocity attenuation by stream periphyton and macrophytes in relation to growth form and architecture, Journal of the North American Benthological Society, 21, 2, 10.2307/1468295

Doeg, 1994, Effects of draining and desilting a small weir on downstream fish and macroinvertebrates, Regulated Rivers-Research & Management, 9, 263, 10.1002/rrr.3450090407

Dolloff, 1987, Seasonal population characteristics and habitat use by juvenile coho salmon in a small southeast alaska stream, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 116, 829, 10.1577/1548-8659(1987)116<829:SPCAHU>2.0.CO;2

Droppo, 2001, Rethinking what constitute suspended sediment, Hydrological Processes, 15, 1551, 10.1002/hyp.228

Elliott, 1998, Spatial variation in environmental characteristics of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) rivers, Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 55, 267, 10.1139/d98-001

European Parliament 2000 Parliament and Council Directive 2000/60/ EC. Establishing a framework for community action in the field of water policy

Evans, 2008, An update of the Foresight Future Flooding 2004 Qualitative Risk Analysis

Fairchild, 1987, Effects of sediment and contaminated sediment on structural and functional components of experimental stream ecosystems, Water Air and Soil Pollution, 36, 271, 10.1007/BF00229673

Fausch, 1993, Experimental analysis of microhabitat selection by juvenile steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and coho salmon (O. kisutch) in a British Columbia stream, Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 50, 1198, 10.1139/f93-136

Finn, 2007, The physiology and toxicology of salmonid eggs and larvae in relation to water quality criteria, Aquatic Toxicology, 81, 337, 10.1016/j.aquatox.2006.12.021

Foster, 2006, Soil Erosion and Sediment Redistribution in River Catchments, 128, 10.1079/9780851990507.0128

Foster, Palaeolimnology, policy and practice; the potential for lake-sediment based reconstructions to determine intrinsic sediment yields across England and Wales, Journal of Palaeolimnology

Fox, 1990, Effects of winterkill on population structure, body size, and prey consumption patterns of pumpkinseed in isolated beaver ponds, Canadian Journal of Zoology-Revue Canadienne De Zoologie, 68, 2489, 10.1139/z90-348

Fraser, 1997, The costs of becoming nocturnal: feeding efficiency in relation to light intensity in juvenile Atlantic salmon, Functional Ecology, 11, 385, 10.1046/j.1365-2435.1997.00098.x

Freyhof J Kottelat M 2008 Barbatula barbatula. IUCN 2010. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2010.1 www.iucnredlist.org

Gammon, 1970, The Effect of Inorganic Sediment on Stream Biota, 53

Gardener, 1981, Effects of turbidity on feeding rates and selectivity of bluegills, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 110, 446, 10.1577/1548-8659(1981)110<446:EOTOFR>2.0.CO;2

Giller, 1998, The Biology of Streams and Rivers, 425, 10.1093/oso/9780198549789.001.0001

Goldes, 1988, Histological effects of the inert suspended clay kaolin on the gills of juvenile rainbow trout. Salmo gairdneri Richardson, Journal of Fish Disease, 11, 23, 10.1111/j.1365-2761.1988.tb00520.x

Gradall, 1982, Responses of brook trout and creek chub to turbidity, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 111, 392, 10.1577/1548-8659(1982)111<392:ROBTAC>2.0.CO;2

Graham, 1990, Siltation of stone-surface periphyton in rivers by clay sized particles from low concentrations in suspension, Hydrobiologia, 199, 107, 10.1007/BF00005603

Gregory, 1996, The effect of turbidity and vegetation on the risk of juvenile salmonids, Oncorhynchus spp., to predation by adult cutthroat trout, O. clarkii, Environmental Biology of Fishes, 47, 279, 10.1007/BF00000500

Gregory, 1992, Surface, planktonic, and benthic foraging by juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in turbid laboratory conditions, Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 50, 233, 10.1139/f93-026

Gregory, 1993, Effect of turbidity on the predator avoidance behaviour of juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 50, 241, 10.1139/f93-027

Greig, 2007, A field-based assessment of oxygen supply to incubating Atlantic salmon embryos, Hydrological Processes, 22, 3087, 10.1002/hyp.6635

Greig, 2005, The impact of fine sediment accumulation on the survival of incubating salmon progeny: Implications for sediment management, The Science of the Total Environment, 344, 241, 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2005.02.010

Halley, 1995, The Proposed Re-Introduction of Beavers to Britain-In Reply, Reintroduction News, 10, 17

Hart, 1992, Experimental studies of food and suspended sediment effects on growth and reproduction of six planktonic cladocerans, Journal of Plankton Research, 14, 1425, 10.1093/plankt/14.10.1425

Harvey, 1999, Influence of large woody debris and a bankfull flood on movement of adult resident coastal cutthroat trout (Onchorhynchus clarki) during fall and winter, Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 56, 2161, 10.1139/f99-154

Hawkins RH 2003 Survey of Methods for Sediment TMDLs in Western Rivers and Streams of the the United States 143

Heggberget, 1991, Some environmental requirements of Atlantic salmon, American Fisheries Society Symposium, 10, 132

Hegge, 1993, Vertical distribution and substrate preference of brown trout in a littoral zone, Environmental Biology of Fishes, 36, 17, 10.1007/BF00005975

Heggenes, 1988a, Substrate preferences of brown trout fry (Salmo trutta) in artificial stream channels, Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 45, 1801, 10.1139/f88-211

Heggenes, 1988b, Effects of short-term flow fluctuations on displacement of, and habitat use by, brown trout in a small stream, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 117, 336, 10.1577/1548-8659(1988)117<0336:EOSFFO>2.3.CO;2

Heggenes, 1993, Homeostatic behavioural responses in a changing environment: brown trout (Salmo trutta) become nocturnal during winter, Journal of Animal Ecology, 62, 295, 10.2307/5361

Hendry, 2003, Conserving Natura Rivers Ecology Series No. 7, 32

Henley, 2000, Effects of sedimentation and turbidity on lotic food webs: a concise review of natural resource managers, Reviews in Fisheries Science, 8, 125, 10.1080/10641260091129198

Herbert, 1961, The effect of suspended mineral solids on the survival of trout, International Journal of Air and Water Pollution, 5, 46

Heywood, 2007, The sedimentation of salmonid spawning gravels in the Hampshire Avon catchment, UK: Implications for the dissolved oxygen content of intragravel water and embryo survival, Hydrological Processes, 21, 770, 10.1002/hyp.6266

Hoetzel, 1994, Long-term phytoplankton monitoring of the Darling River at Burtundy, New South Wales: incidence and significance of cyanobacterial blooms, Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 45, 747, 10.1071/MF9940747

Horkel, 1976, Effects of turbidity on ventilation rates and oxygen consumption of green sunfish, Lepomis cyanellus, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 105, 107, 10.1577/1548-8659(1976)105<107:EOTOVR>2.0.CO;2

Huusko, 1997, Effects of instream enhancement structures on brown trout, Salmo trutta L., habitat availability in a channelized boreal river: a PHABSIM approach, Fisheries Management and Ecology, 4, 453, 10.1046/j.1365-2400.1997.00095.x

Impson, 2007, Conservation biology and management of a critically endangered cyprinid, the Twee River redfin, Barbus erubescens (Teleostei: Cyprinidae), of the Cape Florisitic Region, South Africa, African Journal of Aquatic Science, 32, 27, 10.2989/AJAS.2007.32.1.4.141

Imre, 2002, The effect of visual isolation on territory size and population density of juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 59, 303, 10.1139/f02-010

Izagirre, 2009, Effects of sediment deposition on periphytic biomass, photosynthetic activity and algal community structure, Science of the Total Environment, 407, 5694, 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.06.049

James, 2000, Removal of settled sediments and periphyton from macrophytes by grazing invertebrates in the littoral zone of a large oligotrophic lake, Freshwater Biology, 44, 311, 10.1046/j.1365-2427.2000.00563.x

Jensen, 2009, Impact of fine sediment on egg-to-fry survival of Pacific salmon: a meta-analysis of published studies, Reviews in Fisheries Science, 17, 348, 10.1080/10641260902716954

Julian, 2006, Effects of fine sediment infiltration during the incubation period on Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) embryo survival, Hydrobiologia, 563, 61, 10.1007/s10750-005-1035-2

Kalleberg, 1958, Observations in a stream tank of territoriality and competition in juvenile salmon and trout (Salmo salar L. and S. trutta L.), Republic Institute Freshwater Research Drottningholm, 39, 55

Kaller, 2004, Evidence of a threshold level of fine sediment accumulation for altering benthic invertebrate communities, Hydrobiologia, 518, 95, 10.1023/B:HYDR.0000025059.82197.35

Kamler, 1992, Early Life History of Fish: An Energetic Approach, 330, 10.1007/978-94-011-2324-2

Karr, 1991, Biological integrity: a long neglected aspect of water resource management, Ecological Applications, 1, 66, 10.2307/1941848

Keenleyside, 1955, Some aspects of the schooling behaviour of fish, Behaviour, 8, 183, 10.1163/156853955X00229

Keenleyside, 1981, The reproductive behaviour of Aequidens vittatus in Surinam, S. America, Environmental Biology of Fishes, 6, 87, 10.1007/BF00001802

Kefford, 2010, How are macroinvertebrates of slow flowing lotic systems directly affected by suspended and deposited sediments, Environmental Pollution, 158, 543, 10.1016/j.envpol.2009.08.008

Kennedy, 1972, Some aspects of the biology of gudgeon Gobio gobio (L.) in Irish waters, Journal of Fish Biology, 4, 425, 10.1111/j.1095-8649.1972.tb05690.x

Kent, 2008, Effects of deposited fine sediment on life history traits of Physa integra snails, Hydrobiologia, 596, 329, 10.1007/s10750-007-9106-1

Kestemont, 2001, Seasonal variations in egg and larval quality in two multiple-spawner cyprinid fish, the bleak Alburnus alburnus and the white bream Blicca bjoerkna, Archiv für Hydrobiologie, 12, 357

Kondolf, 1993, The sizes of salmonid spawning gravels, Water Resources Research, 29, 2275, 10.1029/93WR00402

Korstrom, 2006, Effects of suspended sediment on the escape behavior and cover-seeking response of juvenile Chinook salmon in freshwater, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 135, 1006, 10.1577/T05-194.1

Kulíšková, 2009, Factors influencing movement behaviour and home range size in ide Leuciscus idus, Journal of Fish Biology, 74, 1269, 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2009.02198.x

Lake, 1999, Acute effects of suspended sediment angularity on juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch), Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 56, 862, 10.1139/f99-024

Langler, 2001, Effects of habitat enhancement on 0-group fishes in a lowland river, Regulated Rivers-Research & Management, 17, 677, 10.1002/rrr.627

Lemly, 1982, Modification of benthic insect communities in polluted streams: combined effects of sedimentation and nutrient enrichment, Hydrobiologia, 87, 229, 10.1007/BF00007232

Lenat, 1983, Chironomid taxa richness: natural variation and use in pollution assessment, Freshwater Invertebrate Biology, 2, 192, 10.2307/1467151

Lijklema, 1993, Water quality impacts of sediment pollution and the role of early diagenesis, Water Science and Technology, 28, 1, 10.2166/wst.1993.0598

Liljendahl-Nurminen, 2008, Physiological and visual refuges in a metalimnion: an experimental study of the effects of clay turbidity and an oxygen minimum on fish predation, Freshwater Biology, 53, 945, 10.1111/j.1365-2427.2008.01952.x

Lisle, 1992, The volume of fine sediment in pools: an index of sediment supply in gravel-bed streams, Water Resources Bulletin, 28, 371, 10.1111/j.1752-1688.1992.tb04003.x

Lisle, 1992, Effects of sediment transport on survival of salmonid embryos in a natural stream: a simulation approach, Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 49, 2337, 10.1139/f92-257

Lloyd, 1987, Effects of turbidity in freshwaters of Alaska, North American Journal of Fisheries Management, 7, 18, 10.1577/1548-8659(1987)7<18:EOTIFW>2.0.CO;2

Lowrance, 1985, Managing riparian ecosystems to control non-point pollution, Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 18, 87

Luce, 2010, A physically based statistical model of sand abrasion effects on periphyton biomass, Ecological Modelling, 221, 353, 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2009.09.018

Lyle, 1997, The spawning migration and conservation of Smelt Osmerus eperlanus in the River Cree, Southwest Scotland, Biological Conservation, 80, 303, 10.1016/S0006-3207(96)00039-0

Macklin, 2010, River response to rapid Holocene environmental change: evidence and explanation in British catchments, Quaternary Science Reviews, 10.1016/j.quascirev.2009.06.010

Maher, 1999, Assessing the health of sediment ecosystems: use of chemical measurements, Freshwater Biology, 41, 361, 10.1046/j.1365-2427.1999.00436.x

Maitland, 2003, Ecology of the Allis and Twaite Shad; Alosa alosa and Alos fallax. Conserving Natura Rivers Ecology Series No. 3, 28

Maitland, 2003, Ecology of the River, Brook and Sea Lamprey; Lampetra fluviatilis, Lampetra planeri and Petromyzon marinus. Conserving Natura Rivers Ecology Series No. 5, 52

Maitland, 1992, British Freshwater Fishes, 453

Major, 2004, Post-eruption suspended sediment transport at Mount St. Helens: Decadal-scale relationships with landscape adjustments and river discharges, Journal of Geophysical Research, 109, 1, 10.1029/2002JF000010

Maki-Petays, 2000, Microhabitat use by Age-0 brown trout and grayling: Seasonal responses to streambed restoration under different flows, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 129, 771, 10.1577/1548-8659(2000)129<0771:MUBABT>2.3.CO;2

Malcolm, 2008, Salmonid Spawning habitat in Rivers; Physical Controls, Biological Responses and Approaches to Remediation, 225

Mann, 1985, Variations in the sizes of gonads, eggs and larvae of the dace, Leuciscus leuciscus, Environmental Biology of Fishes, 13, 277, 10.1007/BF00002911

Matthaei, 2006, Impacts of fine sediment addition to tussock, pasture, dairy and deer farming streams in New Zealand, Freshwater Biology, 51, 2154, 10.1111/j.1365-2427.2006.01643.x

McCubbin, 1990, Resource Road Construction: Fish Habitat Protection Guidelines, 65

McLeay, 1987, Response of Arctic grayling (Thymallus arcticus) to acute and prolonged exposure to Yukon placer mining sediment, Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 44, 658, 10.1139/f87-080

Merritt, 1984, The role of aquatic insects in the processing and cycling of nutrients, Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science, 34, 56

Meyer, 1975, Sediment yields from roadsides: an application of the universal soil loss equation, Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 30, 289

Milan, 2000, Regional variations in the sediment structure of trout streams in southern England: benchmark data for siltation assessment and restoration, Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems, 10, 407, 10.1002/1099-0755(200011/12)10:6<407::AID-AQC421>3.0.CO;2-4

Mills, 1981, Egg population dynamics of naturally spawning dace, Leuciscus leuciscus (L.) Environmental Biology of Fishes, 6, 151, 10.1007/BF00002778

Mills, 1986, The life history of the minnow Phoxinus phoxinus (L.) in a productive stream, Freshwater Biology, 17, 53, 10.1111/j.1365-2427.1987.tb01028.x

Mills, 1989, Ecology and Management of Atlantic Salmon, 315

Mills, 1983, The bullhead Cottus gobio, a versatile and successful fish, Annual Reports of the freshwater Biological Association, 51, 76

Mitchell, 1998, Evaluation of Atlantic salmon parr responses to habitat improvement structures in an experimental channel in Newfoundland, Canada, Regulated Rivers-Research & Management, 14, 25, 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1646(199801/02)14:1<25::AID-RRR474>3.0.CO;2-1

Moir, 1998, Hydraulic and sedimentary characteristics of habitat utilized by Atlantic salmon for spawning in the Girnock Burn, Scotland, Fisheries Management and Ecology, 5, 241, 10.1046/j.1365-2400.1998.00105.x

Mol, 2004, Downstream effects of erosion from small-scale gold mining on the instream habitat and fish community of a small neotropical rainforest stream, Conservation Biology, 18, 201, 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2004.00080.x

Morris, 1955, The reproductive behaviour of the river bullhead (Cottus gobio L.), with special reference to the fanning activity, Behaviour, 7, 1, 10.1163/156853955X00012

Nellbring, 1989, The ecology of smelts (Genus Osmerus) a literature review, Nordic Journal of Freshwater Research, 65, 116

Newcombe, 1994, Suspended sediment in aquatic ecosystems; ill effects as a function of concentration and exposure, 180

Newcombe, 1991, Effects of suspended sediments on aquatic ecosystems, North American Journal of Fisheries Management, 11, 72, 10.1577/1548-8675(1991)011<0072:EOSSOA>2.3.CO;2

Newcombe, 1996, Channel suspended sediment and fisheries: a synthesis for quantitative assessment of risk and impact, North American Fisheries Management, 16, 693, 10.1577/1548-8675(1996)016<0693:CSSAFA>2.3.CO;2

Northcote, 1995, Comparative biology and management of Arctic and European grayling (Salmonidae, Thymallus), Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries, 5, 141, 10.1007/BF00179755

Nuttall, 1973, The effects of china clay waste on stream invertebrates, Environmental Pollution, 5, 77, 10.1016/0013-9327(73)90013-X

O'Connor, 1998, The effects of siltation on Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., embryos in the River Bush, Fisheries Management and Ecology, 5, 393, 10.1046/j.1365-2400.1998.550393.x

Ottaway, 1981, A preliminary investigation into the vulnerability of young trout (Salmo trutta L.) and Atlantic salmon (S. salar L.) to downstream displacement by high water velocities, Journal of Fish Biology, 19, 135, 10.1111/j.1095-8649.1981.tb05818.x

Owens, 2005, Finegrained sediment in river systems: environmental significance and management issues, River Research and Applications, 21, 693, 10.1002/rra.878

Payne, 1997, Channel morphology and lateral stability: effects on distribution of spawning and rearing habitat for Atlantic salmon in a wandering cobble-bed river, Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 54, 2627, 10.1139/f97-171

Perrow, 1997, The Habitat Requirements of Bullhead (Cottus gobio) and Brown Trout (Salmo trutta) in the Headwaters of Selected Norfolk Rivers: Implications for Conservation and Fisheries, 48

Persat, 1994, Theoretical habitat templets, species traits, and species richness: fish in the Upper Rhône river and its floodplain, Freshwater Biology, 31, 439, 10.1111/j.1365-2427.1994.tb01750.x

Persson, 1983, Effects of intra- and interspecific competition on dynamics and size structure of a perch (Perca fluviatilis) and roach (Rutilus rutilus) population, Oikos, 41, 126, 10.2307/3544354

Peterson, 1996, Persistence of egg pocket architecture in redds of chum salmon, Oncorhynchus keta, Environmental Biology of Fishes, 46, 243, 10.1007/BF00004999

Philippart, 1987, Population ecology, conservation and restoration of the barbel, Barbus barbus (Linné) (Teleostei, Cyprinidas) in the Meuse River and its tributaries-15 years of research, Annales de la Societe Royale Zoologique de Belgique, 117, 49

Power, 1984, The importance of sediment in the grazing ecology and size class interactions of an armored catfish, Ancistrus spinosus, Environmental Biology of Fishes, 10, 173, 10.1007/BF00001124

Punchard, 2000, Management and Ecology of River Fisheries, 143, 10.1002/9780470696026.ch11

Rabeni, 1995, Effects of siltation on stream fishes and the potential mitigating role of the buffering riparian zone, Hydrobiologia, 303, 211, 10.1007/BF00034058

Redding, 1982, Washington Water Research Centre proceeding from the Conference, Mt. St. Helens-effects on water resources: Report 41, 300

Redding, 1987, Physiological effects on coho salmon and steelhead of exposure to suspended solids, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 116, 737, 10.1577/1548-8659(1987)116<737:PEOCSA>2.0.CO;2

Reid, 1998, Forest roads, chronic turbidity, and salmon, EOS Transactions-American Geophysical Union, 79, F285

Richardson, 2002, Effects of sediment on fish communities in East Cape streams, New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 36, 431, 10.1080/00288330.2002.9517098

Ritchie, 1972, Sediment, fish, and fish habitat, Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 27, 124

Robertson, 1997, Seasonal effects of suspended sediment on the behaviour of juvenile Atlantic salmon, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 16, 822

Rodriguez, 1997, Structure of fish assemblages along environmental gradients in floodplain lakes of the Orinoco River, Ecological Monographs, 67, 109, 10.1890/0012-9615(1997)067[0109:SOFAAE]2.0.CO;2

Rogers BA 1969 60

Rosenberg, 1978, Effects of sediment addition on macrobenthic invertebrates in a northern Canadian River, Water Research, 12, 753, 10.1016/0043-1354(78)90024-6

Rowe, 1998, Effects of turbidity on the feeding ability of the juvenile migrant stage of six New Zealand freshwater fish species New Zealand, Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 32, 21, 10.1080/00288330.1998.9516803

Ryan, 1991, Environmental effects of sediment on New Zealand streams: a review, New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 25, 207, 10.1080/00288330.1991.9516472

Salyer, 1935, Preliminary report on the beaver trout investigation, American Game, 24, 6

Sand-Jenson, 1998, Influence of submerged macrophytes on sediment composition and near-bed flow in lowland streams, Freshwater Biology, 39, 663, 10.1046/j.1365-2427.1998.00316.x

Sandström, 2002, Effects of eutrophication on young-of-the-year freshwater fish communities in coastal areas of the Baltic, Environmental Biology of Fishes, 63, 89, 10.1023/A:1013828304074

Saunders, 1965, Changes in a stream population of trout associated with increased silt, Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, 22, 395, 10.1139/f65-038

Schlosser, 2000, Spatial variation in fish assemblages across a beaver-influenced successional landscape, Ecology, 81, 1371, 10.1890/0012-9658(2000)081[1371:SVIFAA]2.0.CO;2

Sear, 1993, Fine sediment infiltration into gravel spawning beds within a regulated river experiencing floods: ecological implications for salmonids, Regulated Rivers-Research & Management, 8, 373, 10.1002/rrr.3450080407

Sear, 1994, River restoration and geomorphology, Aquatic Conservation, 4, 169, 10.1002/aqc.3270040207

Sear, 1999, Groundwater dominated rivers, Hydrological Processes, 11, 255, 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1085(19990228)13:3<255::AID-HYP737>3.0.CO;2-Y

Sear, 2008, Salmonid Spawning Habitat in Rivers; Physical Controls, Biological Responses and Approaches to Remediation, 149, 10.47886/9781934874035

Sear, 2000, The Changing Hydrology of the UK, 55

Sempeski, 1995, Habitat selection by Grayling:1. Spawning habitats, Journal of Fish Biology, 47, 256, 10.1111/j.1095-8649.1995.tb01893.x

Semple, 1991, Atlantic salmon habitat survey: Enhancement opportunities and problems in the Dunbar stream, Naswaak river, New Brunswick. Canadian Manuscript Report Fisheries Aquatic, Science, 2076, 1

Servizi, 1991, Effect of temperature, season, and fish size on acute lethality of suspended sediments to coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch, Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science, 48, 493, 10.1139/f91-063

Servizi, 1992, Sublethal responses of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) to suspended sediments, Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 49, 1389, 10.1139/f92-154

Servizi, 1987, Some effects of suspended Fraser River sediments on sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka), Canadian Special Publication Fisheries Aquatic Science, 96, 254

Shaw, 2001, Direct and indirect effects of sediment pulse duration on stream invertebrate assemblages and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) growth and survival, Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science, 58, 2213, 10.1139/f01-160

Shirvell, 1990, Role of instream rootwads as juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) and steelhead trout (O. mykiss) cover habitat under varying streamflows, Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 47, 852, 10.1139/f90-098

Shirvell, 1983, Microhabitats chosen by brown trout for feeding and spawning in rivers, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 112, 355, 10.1577/1548-8659(1983)112<355:MCBBTF>2.0.CO;2

Sigler, 1984, Effects of chronic turbidity on density and growth of steelhead and coho salmon, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 113, 142, 10.1577/1548-8659(1984)113<142:EOCTOD>2.0.CO;2

Smyly, 1957, The life history of the bullhead or Miller's thumb (Cottus gobio L.), Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 128, 431, 10.1111/j.1096-3642.1957.tb00336.x

Smyly, 1955, On the biology of the stone-loach Nemacheilus barbatula (L.), Journal of Animal Ecology, 24, 167, 10.2307/1884

Soulsby, 2001, Fine sediment influence on salmonid spawning habitat in a lowland agricultural stream: a preliminary assessment, The Science of the Total Environment, 265, 295, 10.1016/S0048-9697(00)00672-0

Strmac, 2002, Effects of sediment eluates and extracts from differently polluted small rivers on zebrafish embryos and larvae, Journal of Fish Biology, 61, 24, 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2002.tb01734.x

Stuart, 1953a, Spawning migration, reproduction and young stages of loch trout (Salmo trutta), Freshwater Salmonid Fisheries Research, 5, 1

Stuart, 1953b, Water currents through permeable gravels and their significance to spawning salmonids etc, Nature, 172, 407, 10.1038/172407a0

Suren, 2001, Effects of deposited sediment on invertebrate drift: an experimental study, New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 35, 725, 10.1080/00288330.2001.9517038

Sutherland, 2007, Effects of increased suspended sediment on growth rate and gill condition of two southern Appalachian minnows, Environmental Biology of Fish, 80, 389, 10.1007/s10641-006-9139-8

Sutherland, 2002, Effects of land cover on sediment regime and fish assemblage structure in four southern Appalachian streams, Freshwater Biology, 47, 1791, 10.1046/j.1365-2427.2002.00927.x

Suttle, 2004, How fine sediment in riverbeds impairs growth and survival of juvenile salmonids, Ecological Applications, 14, 969, 10.1890/03-5190

Sweka, 2003, Reduction of reaction distance and foraging success of smallmouth bass, Micropterus dolomieu, exposed to elevated turbidity levels, Environmental Biology of Fishes, 67, 341, 10.1023/A:1025835031366

Swietlik W Berry W Gardner T Hill B Jha M Kaufmann P Melzian B Norton D Paul J Rubinstein N Shippen R Spehar R 2003 Developing water quality criteria for suspended and bedded sediments (SABS) 134

Theurer, 1998, Sedimentation and Salmonids in England and Wales, 24

Tomlinson, 2003, Ecology of the Bullhead Cottus gobio, 16

Trimble, 1981, Changes in sediment storage in the Coon Creek Basin, Driftless area, Wisconsin, Science, 214, 181, 10.1126/science.214.4517.181

United States Geological Survey 2010 http://fisc.er.usgs.gov/Carp_ID/html/scardinius_erythrophthalmus.html

Van Nieuwenhuyse, 1986, Effects of placer gold mining on primary production of subarctic streams of Alaska, Water Resource Bulletin, 22, 91, 10.1111/j.1752-1688.1986.tb01864.x

Van Zyll de Jong, 1997, An evaluation of instream habitat restoration techniques on salmonid populations in a Newfoundland stream, Regulated Rivers-Research & Management, 13, 603, 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1646(199711/12)13:6<603::AID-RRR487>3.0.CO;2-Y

Vinni, 2000, The food, growth and abundance of five co-existing cyprinids in lake basins of different morphometry and water quality, Aquatic Ecology, 34, 421, 10.1023/A:1011404721775

Vogel, 1999, Effects of light, prey size, and turbidity on reaction distances of lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) to salmonid prey, Canadian Journal of fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 56, 1293, 10.1139/cjfas-56-7-1293

Vriese, 1994, Assessment of spawning and nursery area in the river Meuse, Water Science Technology, 29, 297, 10.2166/wst.1994.0124

Walling, 1995, Changing River Channels, 149

Walling, 1999, Source, storage and mobilisation of fine sediment in a chalk stream system, Hydrological Processes, 13, 323, 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1085(19990228)13:3<323::AID-HYP741>3.0.CO;2-K

Walling, 2003, A reconnaissance survey of the source of interstitial fine sediment recovered from salmonid spawning gravels in England and Wales, Hydrobiologia, 497, 91, 10.1023/A:1025413721647

Walling, 2003, Recent trends in the suspended sediment loads of the world's rivers, Global and Planetary Change, 39

Walling, 1987, Sediment Transport in Gravel-bed Rivers, 691

Walling DE Webb BW Shanahan J 2008 Investigations into the use of critical sediment yields for assessing and managing fine sediment inputs into freshwater ecosystems 63

Walser, 1999, Influence of agriculture on in-stream habitat and fish community structure in Piedmont watersheds of the Chattahoochee River system, Ecology of Freshwater Fish, 8, 237, 10.1111/j.1600-0633.1999.tb00075.x

Walton, 1977, The effects of density, sediment size and velocity on drift of Acroneuria abnormis (Plecoptera), Oikos, 28, 291, 10.2307/3543984

Warren, 2003, Pesticides and other micro-organic contaminants in freshwater sedimentary environments-a review, Applied Geochemistry, 18, 159, 10.1016/S0883-2927(02)00159-2

Waters, 1995, Sediment in Streams: Sources, Biological Effects, and control American Fisheries Society Monograph 7, 268

Witzel, 1983, Redd-site selection by brook trout and brown trout in southwestern Ontario streams, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 112, 760, 10.1577/1548-8659(1983)112<760:RSBBTA>2.0.CO;2

Wood, 1997, Biological effects of fine sediment in the lotic environment, Environmental Management, 21, 203, 10.1007/s002679900019

Wood, 1999, Sediment deposition in a small lowland stream-management implications, Regulated Rivers-Research & Management, 15, 199, 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1646(199901/06)15:1/3<199::AID-RRR531>3.0.CO;2-0

Wood, 2005, The response of four lotic macroinvertebrate taxa to burial by sediments, Archives Hydrobiology, 163, 145, 10.1127/0003-9136/2005/0163-0145

Wootton, 1976, The Biology of the Sticklebacks

Yamada, 2002, Effect of fine sediment deposition and channel works on periphyton biomass in the Makomanai River, northern Japan, River Research and Applications, 18, 481, 10.1002/rra.688

Yarnell, 2006, The influence of relative sediment supply on riverine habitat heterogeneity, Geomorphology, 80, 310, 10.1016/j.geomorph.2006.03.005

Zamor, 2007, Turbidity affects foraging success of drift-feeding rosyside dace, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 136, 167, 10.1577/T05-316.1

Zimmerman, 2003, Agricultural land use effects on sediment loading and fish assemblages in two Minnesota (USA) watersheds, Environmental Management, 32, 93, 10.1007/s00267-003-2989-3