The impact of the building morphology on microclimate and thermal comfort-a case study in Beijing

Fong, 2019, Holistic recommendations for future outdoor thermal comfort assessment in tropical Southeast Asia: a critical appraisal, Sustain. Cities Soc., 46, 10.1016/j.scs.2019.101428 Tian, 2014, Assessing the impact of the urbanization process on net primary productivity in China in 1989-2000, Environ Pollut, 184, 320, 10.1016/j.envpol.2013.09.012 Cetin, 2019, Evaluation of thermal climatic region areas in terms of building density in urban management and planning for Burdur, Turkey, Air Qual Atmos Hlth, 12, 1103, 10.1007/s11869-019-00727-3 Zhao, 2018, Impact of tree locations and arrangements on outdoor microclimates and human thermal comfort in an urban residential environment, Urban For. Urban Green., 32, 81, 10.1016/j.ufug.2018.03.022 Li, 2011, Does temperature enhance acute mortality effects of ambient particle pollution in Tianjin City, China, Sci. Total Environ., 409, 1811, 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.02.005 Wong, 2017, Urban heat island experience, control measures and health impact: a survey among working community in the city of Kuala Lumpur, Sustain. Cities Soc., 35, 660, 10.1016/j.scs.2017.09.026 Ward, 2016, Heat waves and urban heat islands in Europe: a review of relevant drivers, Sci. Total Environ., 569, 527, 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.06.119 Zeng, 2014, The effect of heat waves on mortality and effect modifiers in four communities of Guangdong Province, China, Sci. Total Environ., 482, 214, 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.02.049 El-Bardisy, 2016, Climatic sensitive landscape design: towards a better microclimate through plantation in public schools, cairo, Egypt, Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 216, 206, 10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.12.029 Wu, 2017, Optimizing the spatial arrangement of trees in residential neighborhoods for better cooling effects: integrating modeling with in-situ measurements, Landsc. Urban Plann., 167, 463, 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2017.07.015 Lee, 2016, Contribution of trees and grasslands to the mitigation of human heat stress in a residential district of Freiburg, Southwest Germany, Landsc. Urban Plann., 148, 37, 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2015.12.004 Ouyang, 2020, The cooling efficiency of variable greenery coverage ratios in different urban densities: a study in a subtropical climate, Build. Environ., 174, 10.1016/j.buildenv.2020.106772 Atwa, 2020, Evaluation of plantation design methodology to improve the human thermal comfort in hot-arid climatic responsive open spaces, Sustain. Cities Soc., 59, 10.1016/j.scs.2020.102198 Wang, 2016, The effects of street tree planting on Urban Heat Island mitigation in Montreal, Sustain. Cities Soc., 27, 122, 10.1016/j.scs.2016.04.013 Jamei, 2016, Review on the impact of urban geometry and pedestrian level greening on outdoor thermal comfort, Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., 54, 1002, 10.1016/j.rser.2015.10.104 Rahman, 2020, Traits of Trees for Cooling Urban Heat Islands: A Meta-Analysis, Build. Environ., vol. 170, 10.1016/j.buildenv.2019.106606 Morakinyo, 2017, A study on the impact of shadow-cast and tree species on in-canyon and neighborhood's thermal comfort, Build. Environ., 115, 1, 10.1016/j.buildenv.2017.01.005 Jacobs, 2020, Are urban water bodies really cooling?, Urban Clim., 32, 10.1016/j.uclim.2020.100607 Robitu, 2006, Modeling the influence of vegetation and water pond on urban microclimate, Sol. Energy, 80, 435, 10.1016/j.solener.2005.06.015 Xu, 2019, Evaluation of energy saving potential of an urban green space and its water bodies, Energy Build., 188, 58, 10.1016/j.enbuild.2019.02.003 Sun, 2012, Cooling effects of wetlands in an urban region: the case of Beijing, Ecol. Indicat., 20, 57, 10.1016/j.ecolind.2012.02.006 Maggiotto, 2014, Validation of temperature-perturbation and CFD-based modelling for the prediction of the thermal urban environment: the Lecce (IT) case study, Environ. Model. Software, 60, 69, 10.1016/j.envsoft.2014.06.001 Stewart, 2012, Local climate zones for urban temperature studies, Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 93, 1879, 10.1175/BAMS-D-11-00019.1 Ramyar, 2019, vol. 44 Hong, 2015, Numerical studies of the outdoor wind environment and thermal comfort at pedestrian level in housing blocks with different building layout patterns and trees arrangement, Renew. Energy, 73, 18, 10.1016/j.renene.2014.05.060 Apreda, 2020, Urban Morphology Parameterization for Assessing the Effects of Housing Blocks Layouts on Air Temperature in the Euro-Mediterranean Context, Energy Build., vol. 223, 10.1016/j.enbuild.2020.110171 Taleghani, 2015, Outdoor thermal comfort within five different urban forms in The Netherlands, Build. Environ., 83, 65, 10.1016/j.buildenv.2014.03.014 Zolch, 2019, Designing public squares with green infrastructure to optimize human thermal comfort, Build. Environ., 149, 640, 10.1016/j.buildenv.2018.12.051 Sodoudi, 2018, The influence of spatial configuration of green areas on microclimate and thermal comfort, Urban For. Urban Green., 34, 85, 10.1016/j.ufug.2018.06.002 Calcerano, 2016, Numerical optimisation through dynamic simulation of the position of trees around a stand-alone building to reduce cooling energy consumption, Energy Build., 112, 234, 10.1016/j.enbuild.2015.12.023 Berkovic, 2012, Study of thermal comfort in courtyards in a hot arid climate, Sol. Energy, 86, 1173, 10.1016/j.solener.2012.01.010 Palusci, 2022, Impact of morphological parameters on urban ventilation in compact cities: the case of the Tuscolano-Don Bosco district in Rome, Sci. Total Environ., 807, 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150490 He, 2021, Impact of urban morphology on the microclimate around elementary schools: a case study from Japan, Build. Environ., 206, 10.1016/j.buildenv.2021.108383 Depecker, 2001, Design of buildings shape and energetic consumption, Build. Environ., 36, 627, 10.1016/S0360-1323(00)00044-5 Zhang, 2020, Impact of urban morphology on outdoor air temperature and microclimate optimization strategy base on Pareto optimality in Northeast China, Build. Environ., 180, 10.1016/j.buildenv.2020.107035 Qin, 2014, Evaluation of three-dimensional urban expansion: a case study of Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province, China, Chin. Geogr. Sci., 25, 224, 10.1007/s11769-014-0728-8 Kedron, 2019, Three dimensional (3D) spatial metrics for objects, Landsc. Ecol., 34, 2123, 10.1007/s10980-019-00861-4 Bruse, 1998, Simulating surface-plant-air interactions inside urban environments with a three dimensional numerical model, Environ. Model. Software, 13, 373, 10.1016/S1364-8152(98)00042-5 Aboelata, 2019, Evaluating urban vegetation scenarios to mitigate urban heat island and reduce buildings' energy in dense built-up areas in Cairo, Build. Environ., 166, 10.1016/j.buildenv.2019.106407 Wu, 2019, Comparative and combinative cooling effects of different spatial arrangements of buildings and trees on microclimate, Sustain. Cities Soc., 51, 10.1016/j.scs.2019.101711 Zhang, 2019, vol. 44 Xi, 2012, Study on the outdoor thermal environment and thermal comfort around campus clusters in subtropical urban areas, Build. Environ., 52, 162, 10.1016/j.buildenv.2011.11.006 Jendritzky, 1981, A model analysing the urban thermal environment in physiologically significant terms, Archives for meteorology, geophysics, and bioclimatology, Series B, 29, 313, 10.1007/BF02263308 Tsoka, 2018, Analyzing the ENVI-met microclimate model's performance and assessing cool materials and urban vegetation applications–A review, Sustain. Cities Soc., 43, 55, 10.1016/j.scs.2018.08.009 Jamieson, 1992, The effect of architectural detailing on pedestrian level wind speeds, J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 44, 2301, 10.1016/0167-6105(92)90020-B Gandemer, 1978, Aerodynamic studies of built-up areas made by C.S.T.B. at Nantes, France, J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 3, 227, 10.1016/0167-6105(78)90012-0 Adamek, 2017, Pedestrian level wind assessment through city development: a study of the financial district in Toronto, Sustain. Cities Soc., 35, 178, 10.1016/j.scs.2017.06.004 Ying, 2016, Developing planning indicators for outdoor wind environments of high-rise residential buildings, J. Zhejiang Univ. - Sci., 17, 378, 10.1631/jzus.A1600026 Herath, 2018, Evaluation of green infrastructure effects on tropical Sri Lankan urban context as an urban heat island adaptation strategy, Urban for Urban Gree, 29, 212, 10.1016/j.ufug.2017.11.013 Aboelata, 2021, Reducing Outdoor Air Temperature, Improving Thermal Comfort, and Saving Buildings' Cooling Energy Demand in Arid Cities – Cool Paving Utilization, Sustain. Cities Soc., vol. 68, 10.1016/j.scs.2021.102762 Chen, 2017, The impacts of building height variations and building packing densities on flow adjustment and city breathability in idealized urban models, Build. Environ., 118, 344, 10.1016/j.buildenv.2017.03.042 Hsieh, 2016, Mitigating urban heat islands: a method to identify potential wind corridor for cooling and ventilation, Comput. Environ. Urban Syst., 57, 130, 10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2016.02.005 Ma, 2020, Classification and pedestrian-level wind environment assessment among Tianjin's residential area based on numerical simulation, Urban Clim., 34, 10.1016/j.uclim.2020.100702