The impact of public assistance on child mental health in Japan: results from A-CHILD study
Tóm tắt
Public assistance is one option for providing a safety net to protect the health of children, but assistance may also generate feelings of shame that impact self-esteem. This study aims to elucidate the impact of public assistance on child mental health. We used cross-sectional data on 6920 first graders from the Adachi Child Health Impact of Living Difficulty (A-CHILD) study. We found children living in relative poverty had more behavioral problems, low resilience, and were likely to refuse to go to school. After propensity-score matching among low-income households, the likelihood of children refusing to go to school was larger in the families receiving assistance as compared to non-recipients (OR 4.00, 95% CI 0.85–18.84) although there were no significant differences between recipients and non-recipients in low-income households. Our study produced insufficient evidence to indicate that social assistance is associated with child mental health, resilience, or school refusal.
Tài liệu tham khảo
Alkire S, Jahan S. The New Global MPI 2018: aligning with the Sustainable Development Goals. 2018, OPHI Working Paper 121, University of Oxford. This paper is also cross-posted as Alkire, S. and Jahan, S..‘The New Global MPI 2018: aligning with the Sustainable Development Goals’, HDRO Occasional Paper, UNDP; 2018
Chaudry A, Wimer C. Poverty is not just an indicator: the relationship between income, poverty, and child well-being. Acad Pediatr. 2016;16(3):S23–S2929.
Townsend P. Poverty in the United Kingdom: a survey of household resources and standards of living. Berkeley: Univ of California Press; 1979.
Cates CB, Weisleder A, Mendelsohn AL. Mitigating the effects of family poverty on early child development through parenting interventions in primary care. Acad Pediatr. 2016;16(3 Suppl):S112–S120.
Chung EK, et al. Screening for social determinants of health among children and families living in poverty: a guide for clinicians. Curr Probl Pediatr Adolesc Health Care. 2016;46(5):135–53.
Wickham S, et al. Poverty and child health in the UK: using evidence for action. Arch Dis Child. 2016;101(8):759–66.
Suchdev PS, et al. Assessment of neurodevelopment, nutrition, and inflammation from fetal life to adolescence in low-resource settings. Pediatrics. 2017;139(Supplement 1):S23–S37.
Hodgkinson S, et al. Improving mental health access for low-income children and families in the primary care setting. Pediatrics. 2017;139(1):e20151175.
OECD, Social Policy Division, Directorate of Employment, Labour and Social Affairs, child poverty. Paris: OECD Family Database; 2018.
Newhouse D, Suarez-Becerra P, Evans MC. New estimates of extreme poverty for children. Washington DC: The World Bank; 2016.
UNICEF, Division of Communication. The State of the World's Children 2016: a fair chance for every child. New York: UNICEF; 2016.
White Paper on Children and Young People 2015 [in Japanese], Cabinet Office, Government of Japan; 2015. https://www8.cao.go.jp/youth/whitepaper/h27honpen/pdf/b1_03_03.pdf. Accessed 23 Sept 2020.
Ministry of Health Labour and Welfare. Comprehensive Survey of Living Conditions [in Japanese]; 2015. https://www.e-stat.go.jp/stat-search/files?page=1&toukei=00450061&tstat=000001031016. Accessed 23 Sept 2020.
Social Security Program Throughout the World. Social Security Administration, International Social Security Association; 2018. https://www.ssa.gov/policy/docs/progdesc/ssptw/index.html. Accessed 23 Sept 2020.
Aizer A, et al. The long-run impact of cash transfers to poor families. Am Econ Rev. 2016;106(4):935–71.
Lens V. TANF: what went wrong and what to do next. Soc Work. 2002;47(3):279–90.
Cancian M, Meyer DR. Alternative measures of economic success among TANF participants: avoiding poverty, hardship, and dependence on public assistance. J Policy Anal Manag. 2004;23(3):531–48.
Heymann SJ, Earle A. The impact of welfare reform on parents' ability to care for their children's health. Am J Public Health. 1999;89(4):502–5.
Public Assistance System [in Japanese]. Public Assistance Division, Social Welfare and War Victims' Relief Bureau, Ministry of Health Labour and Welfare, 2010. https://www.mhlw.go.jp/stf/seisakunitsuite/bunya/hukushi_kaigo/seikatsuhogo/seikatuhogo/index.html. Accessed 23 Sept 2020.
Oyama N. Public assistance and child poverty [in Japanese]. Osaka: PHP Research Institute; 2013.
Abe A. Well-being and consumption patterns: comparison of low-income households and welfare recipients [in Japanese]. Q Soc Secur Res. 2010;46(2):86–100.
Goto R. Justice and public reciprocity–basis of public assistance [in Japanese]. Shiso. 2006;983:82–99.
Powell-Jackson T, Ansah EK. The indirect effects of subsidised healthcare in rural Ghana. Soc Sci Med. 2015;144:96–103.
Survey on Actual Conditions of Public Assistance [in Japanese], Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications; 2017. https://www.soumu.go.jp/main_content/000305409.pdf. Accessed 23 Sept 2020.
Ushizawa K, Suzuki H. Research on the regional differentials of public assistance [in Japanese]. Sanno Univ Bull. 2004;24(2):19–30.
Komamura K. Reconstruction of Safety net [in Japanese]. J Soc Secur. 2002;2206:24–7.
Komamura K. An analysis of low income households and the role of public assistance [in Japanese]. Mita Bus Rev. 2003;46(3):107–26.
Tomuro K. Trends observed in poverty rates, working poor rates, child poverty rates and take-up rates of public assistance across 47 Prefectures in Japan [in Japanese]. Yamagata Univ Fac Hum Soc Sci Annu Res Rep. 2016;13:33–53.
Hernanz V, Malherbet F, Pellizzari M. Take-up of welfare benefits in OECD countries; 2004.
Aoki O. Reproduction of intergeneratinal poverty (2): a case study of female headed families in a Northern City of Japan [in Japanese]. Hokkaido Univ Collect Sch Acad Pap. 2003;89:211–237.
Yamada S. Survey of public attitude towards public assistance [in Japanese]. J Soc Welf Nihon Fukushi Univ. 2015;132:53–67.
Huston AC. Reforms and child development. Future Child. 2002;12(1):58–77.
Hildebrandt E, Stevens P. Impoverished women with children and no welfare benefits: the urgency of researching failures of the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families program. Am J Public Health. 2009;99(5):793–801.
Isumi A, et al. Mediating effects of parental psychological distress and individual-level social capital on the association between child poverty and maltreatment in Japan. Child Abuse Neglect. 2018;83:142–50.
Kizuki M, et al. Parental time of returning home from work and child mental health among first-year primary school students in Japan: result from A-CHILD study. Front Pediatr. 2018;6:179.
Nawa N, Isumi A, Fujiwara T. Community-level social capital, parental psychological distress, and child physical abuse: a multilevel mediation analysis. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2018;53:1221. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-018-1547-5.
Schnittker J, John A. Enduring stigma: the long-term effects of incarceration on health. J Health Soc Behav. 2007;48(2):115–30.
Lauber C. Stigma and discrimination against people with mental illness: a critical appraisal. Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci. 2008;17(1):10–3.
Matsuishi T, et al. Scale properties of the Japanese version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ): a study of infant and school children in community samples. Brain Dev. 2008;30(6):410–5.
Goodman R. The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire: a research note. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 1997;38(5):581–6.
Konishi Y. Child's lifestyle and attitude in the family that receive public assistance [in Japanese]. J Educ Soc Work. 2003;9:9–22.
Hayashi A. A study on the daily life and career choices of students who live in households on welfare focusing on their life stories [in Japanese]. Jpn J Educ Res. 2012;79(1):13–24.
Windle G. What is resilience? A review and concept analysis. Rev Clin Gerontol. 2011;21(2):152–69.
Luthar SS, Zelazo LB. Research on resilience: an integrative review. In: Luthar SS, editor. Resilience and vulnerability: adaptation in the context of childhood adversities. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2003. p. 510–550.
Compas BE, et al. Coping and emotion regulation from childhood to early adulthood: points of convergence and divergence. Aust J Psychol. 2014;66(2):71–81.
Austin PC. Optimal caliper widths for propensity-score matching when estimating differences in means and differences in proportions in observational studies. Pharma Stat. 2011;10(2):150–61.
Casey P, et al. Maternal depression, changing public assistance, food security, and child health status. Pediatrics. 2004;113(2):298–304.
Cook JT, et al. Welfare reform and the health of young children: a sentinel survey in 6 US cities. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2002;156(7):678–84.
Baltagi BH, Yen YF. Welfare reform and children's health. Health Econ. 2016;25(3):277–91.
Basu S, Rehkopf DH, Siddiqi A, Glymour MM, Kawachi I. Health behaviors, mental health, and health care utilization among single mothers after welfare reforms in the 1990s. Am J Epidemiol. 1990s;183(6):531–8. https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwv249.
Nicolas G, JeanBaptiste V. Experiences of women on public assistance. J Soc Issues. 2001;57(2):299–309.
Shaefer HL, et al. A universal child allowance: a plan to reduce poverty and income instability among children in the United States. RSF. 2018;4(2):22–42.
The Nippon Foundation. An analysis on the relationship between family economic disparities and disparities of child's cognitive and non-cognitive skills-big data analysis [in Japanese]; 2018. https://www.nippon-foundation.or.jp/app/uploads/2019/01/wha_pro_end_07.pdf. Accessed 23 Sept 2020.
Hayashi A. The experience of transition for young people who grow up in households on welfare after graduating from junior high school [in Japanese]. Jpn J Educ Res. 2014;95:5–24.
Taylor YJ, Nies MA. Measuring the impact and outcomes of maternal child health federal programs. Matern Child Health J. 2013;17(5):886–96.
Schultz DJ, Byker Shanks C, Houghtaling B. The impact of the 2009 special supplemental nutrition program for women, infants, and children food package revisions on participants: a systematic review. J Acad Nutr Diet. 2015;115(11):1832–46.
Hao L, Yeung W-JJ. Parental spending on school-age children: structural stratification and parental expectation. Demography. 2015;52(3):835–60.
Kearney CA. School absenteeism and school refusal behavior in youth: a contemporary review. Clin Psychol Rev. 2008;28(3):451–71.
Rathmann K, et al. Adolescents’ psychological health during the economic recession: does public spending buffer health inequalities among young people? BMC Public Health. 2016;16(1):860.
Chyi H, Ozturk OD. The effects of single mothers' welfare use and employment decisions of children's cognitive development. Econ Inquiry. 2013;51(1):675–706.
Wang JS-H. TANF coverage, state TANF requirement stringencies, and child well-being. Child Youth Serv Rev. 2015;53:121–9.
Takahashi K, Oshima I. Effectiveness of psycho-education for people using Supplemental Security Income program, and possibilities to systematically introduce its approachies in Japan [in Japanese]. Issues Soc Work. 2011;57:111–33.
Sugimura H. The problems to support to be independent for mother-child households receiving public assistance [in Japanese]. J Educ Soc Work. 2003;9:71–92. http://hdl.handle.net/2115/28361.