The impact of low nitrogen conditions on the chemical composition and flour pasting properties of quality protein maize

Cereal Research Communications - 2022
Schae-Lee Olckers1, Garry Osthoff1, Perry K. W. Ng2, Angeline van Biljon, Maryke Labuschagne3
1Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
2Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, USA.
3Department of Plant Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa

Tóm tắt

Maize is one of the most important sources of protein and starch for humans, however, low soil nitrogen may affect important grain quality traits. The objective of this study was to determine the chemical composition and pasting properties of 11 quality protein maize (QPM) hybrids with one non-QPM hybrid check, grown under optimal and low nitrogen stress conditions. Maize hybrids grown under low nitrogen compared to optimal environments had higher values of starch (56.71 and 54.50%), amylose (33.41 and 30.99%), β- (1.39 and 1.36%) and γ-zeins (68.53% and 53.78) as well as final (3004.56 and 1465.88 cP), setback (2110.48 and 1035.17 cP), trough (958.32 and 430.71 cP), breakdown (237.23 and 68.19 cP) and peak (1217.0 and 499.0 cP) viscosities. Lower amounts of protein (7.08% and 10.22) and α-zein content (29.94% and 44.96), as well as lower temperatures of pasting (50.89 and 51.21 °C) and peak time (5.89 and 6.91 min) of the pasting curves, were observed under low nitrogen conditions. The environment had a large effect on protein, viscosity and amylose content, while starch, zein and pasting temperature were largely determined by genotype.

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

AACC (2000) Approved methods of the American Association of cereal chemists. St. Paul, Minnesota, USA

Abiose AH, Ikujenlola AV (2014) Comparison of chemical composition, functional properties and amino acid composition of quality protein maize and common maize (Zea mays L.). Afr J Food Sci Technol 5:81–89

Agronomix (2018) AGROBASE generation II. Software. Winnipeg, Canada

Alcázar-Alay SC, Meireles MA (2015) Physicochemical properties, modifications and applications of starches from different botanical sources. Food Sci Tech 35:215–236

Babu R, Prasanna B (2013) Molecular breeding for quality protein maize (QPM). In: Tuberosa R, Graner A, Frison E (eds) Genomics of plant genetic resources. Springer, Dordrecht, pp 489–505

Balet S, Guelpa A, Fox G, Manley M (2019) Rapid visco analyser (RVA) as a tool for measuring starch-related physiochemical properties in cereals: a review. Food Anal Methods 12:2344–2360

Bao JS (2012) Toward understanding the genetic and molecular bases of the eating and cooking qualities of rice. CFW 57:148–156

Bertoft E (2017) Understanding starch structure: recent progress. Agron J 7:1

Blumenthal JM, Baltsenperger DD, Cassman KG, Mason SC, Pavlista AD (2008) Importance and effect of nitrogen on crop quality and health. In: Hatfield JL, Follet RF (eds) Nitrogen in the environment: sources, problems and management. Elsevier, San Diego, California, pp 51–70

Caprita R, Caprita A (2016) Analytical aspects of total starch polarimetric determination in some cereals. Anim Sci Biotechnol 49:100–103

Cisse M, Zoue LT, Soro YR, Megnanou RM, Niamke S (2013) Physicochemical and functional properties of starches of quality protein maize (QPM) grown in Cote d’Ivoire. J Appl Biosci 66:5130–5139

Coleman CE, Herman EH, Takasaki K, Larkins BA (1996) The maize γ-zeins sequesters α-zein and stabilizes its accumulation in protein bodies of transgenic tobacco endosperm. Plant Cell 8:2335–2345

Cruz ND, Khush GS (2000) Rice grain quality evaluation procedures. In: Singh K, Singh US, Khush GS (eds) Aromatic rice. Oxford and IBH Publishing Co., New Delhi, Calcutta, pp 15–28

Dang JM, Copeland L (2004) Genotype and environmental influences on pasting properties of rice flour. Cereal Chem 81:486–489

Dombrink-Kurtzman MA, Bietz JA (1993) Zein composition in hard and soft endosperm maize. Cereal Chem 70:105–108

Dong MH, Sang DZ, Wang P, Wang XM, Yang JC (2007) Changes in cooking and nutrition qualities of grains at different positions in a rice panicle under different nitrogen levels. Rice Sci 14:141–148

Kaur A, Ghumman A, Singh N, Kaur S, Virdi AS, Riar GS, Mahajan G (2016) Effect of different doses of nitrogen on protein profiling, pasting and quality attributes of rice from different cultivars. Food Sci Technol 53:2452–2462

Kesarwani A, Chiang PY, Chen SS (2016) Rapid visco analyzer measurements of japonica rice cultivars to study interrelationship between pasting properties and farming system. Int J Agron 2016:1–6

Martin M, Fitzgerald MA (2002) Proteins in rice grains influence cooking properties! J Cereal Sci 36:285–294

Ngaboyisonga C, Njoroge K, Kirubi D, Githiri SM (2012) Quality protein maize under low N and drought environments: endosperm modification, protein and tryptophan concentration in grain. Agric J 57:327–338

O’Kennedy K (2011) Characterisation of zein from South African maize of MSc thesis in Food Science, Stellenbosch University, South Africa

Odhiambo JJ, Magandini VN (2008) An assessment of the use of mineral and organic fertilizers by smallholder farmers in Vhembe district, Limpopo province, South Africa. Afr J Agric Res 3:357–362

Sandhu KS, Singh N (2007) Some properties of corn starches II: physicochemical, gelatinization, retrogradation, pasting and gel textural properties. Food Chem 101:1499–1507

Sevanayak D, Gupta HO (2018) Isolation and characterization of storage protein-zein in quality protein maize (QPM). Int J Curr Microbiol Appl Sci 7:356–362

Shawa H, van Biljon A, Labuschagne MT (2021) Protein quality and quantity of quality protein maize (QPM) and non-QPM hybrids under optimal and low nitrogen conditions. Cereal Chem 98:507–516

Singletary GW, Doehlert DC, Wilson CM, Muhitch MJ, Below FE (1990) Response of enzymes and storage proteins of maize endosperm to nitrogen supply. Plant Phys 94:858–864

Tripathy SK, Ithape DM, Maharana M, Prusty AM (2017) Quality protein maize (QPM): genetic basis and breeding perspective. Trop Plant Res 4:145–154

Tsai CY, Warren HL, Huber DM (1983) Interactions between the kernel N sink, grain yield and protein nutritional quality of maize. J Food Sci Technol 34:255–263

Wang J, Wen Z, Fu P, Lu W, Lu D (2019) Effects of nitrogen rates on the physicochemical properties of waxy maize starch. Starch Stärke 71:1900146

Zhou MX, Roberts GL, Robards K, Glennie-Holmes M, Helliwell S (1998) Effects of sowing date, nitrogen application and sowing rate on oat quality. Aust J Agric Res 49:845–852

Zhu B, Zhang H, Guo B, Xu K, Dai Q, Wei H, Huo Z (2017) Effects of nitrogen level on yield and quality of japonica soft super rice. J Integr Agric 16:1018–1027

Thông tin
Thông tin xuất bản

Cereal Research Communications

Thông tin tác giả