The impact of caging the queens during the flow season on some biological activities of honeybee colonies

Adgaba, N., Al-Ghamdi, A.A., Hailu, M., Shenkute, A.G., Ansari, M.J., Hepburn, H.R., Radloff, S.E., 2013. Queen excluders enhance honey production in African honeybees, Apis mellifera, by limiting brood rearing during peak nectar flow. J. Apicultural Res. 52, 184–189. Al-Kahtani, 2020, Effect of harvest season on the nutritional value of bee-pollen protein, PLoS ONE, 15, e0241393, 10.1371/journal.pone.0241393 Brar, A.S., Sharma, H.K., Rana, K., 2018. Colony strength and food reserves of Apis mellifera L. under stationary and migratory beekeeping in Himachal Pradesh India. J. Entomol. Zool. Stud. 6(5), 1156–1159. El-Enany, Y.E., 2006. Studies on laying workers in honeybee colonies. M.Sc. Thesis, Fac. Agric., Cairo Univ., Egypt, 184 p. Free, 1987, 218 Gąbka, 2014, Correlations between the strength, amount of brood and honey production of the honeybee colony, Medycyna Weterynaryjna, 70, 754 Genç, 1993, Some of the correlations between the colony development and honey production on the honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) colonies, Apiacta, 28, 33 Harbo, 1993, Worker-bee crowding affects brood production, honey production and longevity of honeybees (Hymenoptera: Apidae), J. Econ. Entomol., 86, 1672, 10.1093/jee/86.6.1672 Helal, 2003, Effect of moving the apiaries on activity of honeybee colonies. 2- flight activity, gathering of nectar and sugar concentration contents and honey, J. Agric. Res. Tanta Univ., 29, 268 Hess, 1942, Über den Einfluss der Weisellosigkeit und des Fruchtbarkeitsvitamins E auf die Ovarien der Bienenarbeiterin, Schweiz Bienen Zeitung, 2, 33 Holmes, 2014, Effect of queen excluders on ovary activation in workers of the eastern honeybee Apis cerana, Insectes Soc., 61, 191, 10.1007/s00040-014-0344-8 Hoover, 2003, The effect of queen pheromones on worker honeybee ovary development, Naturwissenschaften, 90, 477, 10.1007/s00114-003-0462-z Jevtic, 2009, The correlation between colony strength, food supply and honey yield in honeybee colonies, Biotechnol. Animal Husbandry, 25, 1141 Kasangaki, 2018, Assessment of honeybee colony performance in the agro-ecological zones of Uganda, Curr. Investigations Agric. Curr. Res., 1, 122 Kebede, 2016, Floral establishment of major honey plants in Tahtay Qoraro, North western zone of Tigray, Ethiopia. Bull. Environ. Pharmacol. Life Sci., 5, 49 Le Conte, 2001, Primer effects of a brood pheromone on honeybee behavioural development, Proc. Roy. Soc. London B, 268, 163, 10.1098/rspb.2000.1345 Mohammedi, 1996, Effect of a brood pheromone on honeybee hypopharyngeal glands, C. R Acad. Sci. Ser. III-Sciences de la Vie, 319, 769 Mohammedi, 1998, Effect of aliphatic esters on ovary development of queenless bees (Apis mellifera L.), Naturwissenschaften, 85, 455, 10.1007/s001140050531 Oldroyd, 2001, Regulation of ovary activation in worker honeybees (Apis mellifera): larval signal production and adult response thresholds differ between anarchistic and wild-type bees, Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol., 50, 366, 10.1007/s002650100369 Pettis, 1997, Queen rearing suppression in the honeybee - evidence for a fecundity signal, Insect Soc., 44, 311, 10.1007/s000400050053 Puškadija, 2017, Late winter feeding stimulates rapid spring development of Carniolan honeybee colonies (Apis mellifera carnica), Poljoprivreda, 23, 73, 10.18047/poljo.23.2.11 Ratnieks, 1993, Egg-laying, egg-removal, and ovary development by workers in queenright honey bee colonies, Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol., 32, 191, 10.1007/BF00173777 Schneider, 1988, The habitat and nesting biology of the African honeybee A. m. scutellata in the Okavango River Delta, Botswana, Africa, Insects Sociaux, 35, 167, 10.1007/BF02223930 Shawer, 1986, Effect of colony strength on flight activity and productivity of honeybee colonies, Bull. Ent. Soc. Egypt, 66, 65 Shawer, 2019, Banana flowers (Musa sp.: Musaceae): an essential source of nectar for honeybee during the dearth period in Egypt, J. Faculty Agric., Kyushu University, 64, 79, 10.5109/2232281 Shoreirt, 2002, Brood rearing of the honeybee colony individuals and their activities in Assiut region, Egypt, J. Agric. Res., 80, 83 Slessor, 2005, Pheromone communication in the honeybee (Apis mellifera L.), J. Chem. Ecol., 31, 2731, 10.1007/s10886-005-7623-9 SPSS, 2006. SPSS15.0 for Windows. SPSS Inc. Chicago, IL. Strauss, 2008, The role of the queen mandibular gland pheromone in honeybees (Apis mellifera): honest signal or suppressive agent?, Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol., 62, 1523, 10.1007/s00265-008-0581-9 Szabo, 1989, Effect of brood production and population size on honeybee colonies in Alberta, Canada, Apidologie, 20, 157, 10.1051/apido:19890206 Taha, E-K.A., 2000. Effect of transferring the apiaries on activity of honeybee colonies. M. Sc. Thesis, Faculty Agriculture Tanta University, Egypt 117pp. Taha, E-K.A., 2005. Studies on honeybee (Apis mellifera L.). Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis, Faculty of Agriculture, Tanta University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt, 151 pp. Taha, 2007, Importance of banana Musa sp. (Musaceae) for honeybee Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae) in Egypt, Bull. Entomol. Soc. Egypt, II, 125 Taha, E-K.A., 2013. Honeybee and Modern beekeeping. Translation, Authoring and Publishing Center- King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia. (In Arabic). Taha, 2014, Seasonal variation of foraging activity, pollen collection and growth of honeybee colonies in Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia, Bull. Entomol. Soc. Egypt, 91, 163 Taha, 2015, A study on nectar and pollen sources for honeybee Apis mellifera L. in Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia, J. Entomol. Zool. Stud., 3, 272 Taha, 2015, The impact of feeding certain pollen substitutes on maintaining the strength and productivity of honeybee colonies (Apis mellifera L.), Bull. Entomol. Soc. Egypt, Econ. Series, 41, 63 Taha, 2007, Effect of combs age on honey production and its physical and chemical properties, Bull. Entomol. Soc. Egypt, II, 9 Taha, E-K.A., AL-Kahtani, S.N., 2013. Relationship between population size and productivity of honeybee colonies. J. Entomol. 10, 163–169. Taha, 2019, Comparison of the activity and productivity of Carniolan (Apis mellifera carnica Pollmann) and Yemeni (Apis mellifera jemenitica Ruttner) subspecies under environmental conditions of the Al-Ahsa oasis of eastern Saudi Arabia, Saudi J. Biol. Sci., 26, 681, 10.1016/j.sjbs.2017.10.009 Taha, 2020, The relationship between comb age and performance of honeybee (Apis mellifera) colonies, Saudi J. Biol. Sci., 27, 30, 10.1016/j.sjbs.2019.04.005 Taha, 2006, Loofah (Luffa aegyptiaca Mill., Cucurbitaceae); a source of nectar and pollen for honeybee Apis mellifera L. Hymenoptera: Apidae) in Egypt, Bull. Entomol. Soc. Egypt, 83, 337 Taha, 2019, Nectar and pollen resources for honeybees in Kafrelsheikh, northern Egypt, Saudi J. Biol. Sci., 26, 890, 10.1016/j.sjbs.2017.12.010 Trhlin, 2011, Chemical communication in the honeybee (Apis mellifera L.): a review, Vet. Med., 56, 265, 10.17221/1543-VETMED Valle, 2004, The effect of using two honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) queens on colony population, honey product, Téc Pecu Méx, 42, 361 Wakjira, 2020, Two-queen colonies in central highland conditions of Ethiopia increase population size and honey yield, Bee World, 97, 109, 10.1080/0005772X.2020.1804312 Wanner, K.W., Nichols, A.S., Walden, K.O., Brockmann, A., Luetje, C.W., Robertson, H.M., 2007. A honeybee odorant receptor for the queen substance 9-oxo-2-decenoic acid. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 104, 14383–14388. Zaghloul, 2017, Enhancement of honey production of Apis mellifera L. colonies in Egypt, Alexandria Sci. Exchange J., 38, 426