The hypothalamic arcuate nucleus-median eminence complex: Immunohistochemistry of transmitters, peptides and DARPP-32 with special reference to coexistence in dopamine neurons

Adams, 1981, Growth hormone and prolactin secretion by dispersed cell cultures of a normal human pituitary: effects of thyrotropin-releasing hormone, theophylline, somatostatin and 2-bromo-aergocryptine, Acta endocrinol, 98, 345, 10.1530/acta.0.0980345

Adler, 1984, Modulation of luteinizing hormone release and catecholamine activity by opiates in the female rat, Neuroendocrinology, 38, 248, 10.1159/000123899

Agnati, 1982, Morphometrical characterization of the ACTH β-endorphin and dopamine neuron systems of the mediobasal hypothalamus of the rat. Effects of neonatal monosodium glutamate, Inserm, 110, 87

Apud, 1984, Prolactin control by the tuberoinfundibular GABAergic system: role of anterior pituitary GABA receptors, Psychoneuroendocrinology, 9, 125, 10.1016/0306-4530(84)90031-3

Arimura, 1981, Somatostatin: regulation of secretion, Neuroendocrinology, 33, 246, 10.1159/000123239

Armstrong, 1983, Distribution of cholinergic neurons in rat brain: demonstrated by the immunocytochemical localization of choline acetyltransferase, J. Comp. Neurol., 216, 53, 10.1002/cne.902160106

Bai, 1985, An arcuato-paraventricular and dorsomedial hypothalamic neuropeptide Y-containing system which lacks noradrenaline in the rat, Brain Res., 331, 172, 10.1016/0006-8993(85)90730-9

Bargmann, 1951, The site of origin of the hormones of the posterior pituitary, Am. Sci., 39, 255

Barkan, 1983, Opioids modulate pituitary receptors for gonadotrophin-releasing hormone, Endocrinology, 112, 387, 10.1210/endo-112-1-387

Barraclough, 1955, Inhibition of the release of pituitary ovulatory hormone in the rat by morphine, Endocrinology, 57, 329, 10.1210/endo-57-3-329

Björklund, 1973, The organization of tuberohypophyseal and reticuloinfundibular catecholamine neuron systems in the rat brain, Brain Res., 51, 171, 10.1016/0006-8993(73)90371-5

Björklund, 1984, Dopamine-containing systems in the CNS, Vol. 2, 55

Bloch, 1983, Topographical study of the neurons containing hpGRF immunoreactivity in monkey hypothalamus, Neurosci. Lett., 37, 23, 10.1016/0304-3940(83)90499-8

Bloch, 1983, Immunohistochemical detection of growth hormone-releasing factor in brain, Nature (London), 301, 607, 10.1038/301607a0

Bloch, 1978, Immunocytochemical evidence that the same neurons in the human infundibular nucleus are stained with anti-endorphins and antisera of other related peptides, Neurosci. Lett., 10, 147, 10.1016/0304-3940(78)90026-5

Bloch, 1984, Specific depletion of immunoreactive growth hormone-releasing factor by monosodium glutamate in rat median eminence, Nature (London), 307, 272, 10.1038/307272a0

Bloch, 1979, Neurons of the rat hypothalamus reactive with antisera against endorphins, ACTH, MSH and B-LPH, Cell Tissue Res., 204, 1, 10.1007/BF00235160

Bloom, 1978, Neurons containing β-endorphin in rat brain exist separately from those containing enkephalin: immunocytochemical studies, 75, 1591

Bodoky, 1977, Dendritic arborization and axon trajectory of neurons in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus of the rat, Exp. Brain Res., 28, 543, 10.1007/BF00236476

Böhlen, 1984, Human hypothalamic growth hormone releasing factor (GRF): evidence for two forms identical to tumor-derived GRF-44-NH2 and GRF-40, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 114, 930, 10.1016/0006-291X(83)90649-6

Brazeau, 1982, Growth hormone releasing factor, somatocrinin, releases pituitary growth hormone in vitro, 79, 7009

Brownstein, 1977, The effect of hypothalamic deafferentation on somatostatin like activity in rat brain, Endocrinology, 100, 246, 10.1210/endo-100-1-246

Buckingham, 1982, Secretion of corticotrophin and its hypothalamic releasing factor in response to morphine and opioid peptides, Neuroendocrinology, 35, 111, 10.1159/000123364

Bugnon, 1979, Comparative study of the neuronal populations containing β-endorphin, corticotrophin and dopamine in the arcuate nucleus of the rat hypothalamus, Neurosci. Lett., 14, 43, 10.1016/0304-3940(79)95341-2

Bugnon, 1983, Immunocytochemical demonstration of a novel peptidergic neurone system in the cat brain with an anti-growth hormone-releasing factor serum, Neurosci. Lett., 38, 131, 10.1016/0304-3940(83)90029-0

Card, 1983, Immunohistochemical localization of avian pancreatic polypeptide-like immunoreactivity in the rat hypothalamus, J. Comp. Neurol., 217, 123, 10.1002/cne.902170202

Carsson, 1977, Biochemical and histochemical evidence for the existence of a tuberoinfundibular cholinergic pathway in the rat, Brain Res., 129, 169, 10.1016/0006-8993(77)90982-9

Carraway, 1973, The isolation of a new hypotensive peptide, neurotensin, from bovine hypothalami, J. Biol. Chem., 248, 6854, 10.1016/S0021-9258(19)43429-7

Carraway, 1975, The amino acid sequence of a hypothalamic peptide, neurotensin, J. Biol. Chem., 250, 1907, 10.1016/S0021-9258(19)41780-8

Chan-Palay, 1984, Distribution of tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive neurons in the hypothalamus of rats, J. Comp. Neurol., 227, 467, 10.1002/cne.902270403

Chihara, 1979, Effects of intraventricular injections of dopamine, norepinephrine, acetylcholine and 5-hydroxytryptamine on immunoreactive somatostatin release into rat hypophyseal portal blood, Endocrinology, 104, 1656, 10.1210/endo-104-6-1656

Chronwall, 1984, Coexistence of neuropeptide Y and somatostatin in rat and human cortical and rat hypothalamic neurons, Neurosci. Lett., 52, 213, 10.1016/0304-3940(84)90164-2

Chronwall, 1984, Histochemical localization of FMRFamide-like immunoreactivity in the rat brain, Peptides, 5, 569, 10.1016/0196-9781(84)90088-3

Chronwall, 1985, The anatomy of neuropeptide-Y containing neurons in rat brain, Neuroscience, 15, 1159, 10.1016/0306-4522(85)90260-X

Chronwall, 1985, Anatomy and physiology of the neuroendocrine arcuate nucleus, Peptides, 6, 1, 10.1016/0196-9781(85)90128-7

Cicero, 1977, Morphine decreases luteinizing hormone by an action on the hypothalamic pituitary axis, J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 203, 548

Coons, 1958, Fluorescent antibody methods, 399

Critchlow, 1978, Somatostatin content of the median eminence in female rats with lesion-induced disruption of the inhibitory control of growth hormone secretion, Endocrinology, 103, 817, 10.1210/endo-103-3-817

Cronin, 1984, Bromocriptine inhibits growth hormone release from rat pituitary cells in primary culture, 175, 191

Crowley, 1980, Biochemical mapping of somatostatinergic systems in rat brain: effects of periventricular and medial basal amygdaloid lesions on somatostatin-like immunoreactivity in discrete brain nuclei, Brain Res., 200, 283, 10.1016/0006-8993(80)90920-8

Cuello, 1978, The distribution of Substance P immunoreactive fibres in the rat central nervous system, J. Comp. Neurol., 178, 129, 10.1002/cne.901780108

Cuello, 1979, Detection of Substance P in the central nervous system by a monoclonal antibody, 76, 3532

Dahlström, 1964, Evidence for the existence of monoamine neurons in the central nervous system. I. Demonstration of monoamines in the cell bodies of brainstem neurons, Acta Physiol. Scand., 62, 1

Deyo, 1979, Morphine and endorphins modulate dopamine turnover in rat median eminence, 76, 3006

DiMaggio, 1985, Pancreatic polypeptide immunoreactivity in rat brain is actually neuropeptide Y, Neuroscience, 15, 1149, 10.1016/0306-4522(85)90259-3

Dockray, G.J., Characterization of FMRFamide-like immunoreactivity in rat spinal cord by region specific antibodies in radioimmunoassay and HPLC, J. Neurochem., in press.

Dockray, 1983, FMRFamide-like immunoreactivity in rat brain: development of a radioimmunoassay and its application in studies of distribution and Chromatographie properties, Brain Res., 266, 295, 10.1016/0006-8993(83)90661-3

Dow, 1982, GABA-like substances in hypophyseal portal blood, 88P

Durand, 1977, Evidence for a role of α-adrenergic mechanisms in regulation of episodic growth hormone secretion in the rat, Endocrinology, 100, 722, 10.1210/endo-100-3-722

Elde, 1979, Localization of hypophysiotropic peptides and other biologically active peptides within the brain, Ann. Rev. Physiol., 41, 587, 10.1146/annurev.ph.41.030179.003103

Emson, 1985, Neurotensin-containing neurons, Vol. 4

Epelbaum, 1977, Effects of brain lesions and hypothalamic deafferentation on somatostatin distribution in the rat brain, Endocrinology, 101, 1495, 10.1210/endo-101-5-1495

Everitt, 1984, Coexistence of tyrosine hydroxylase-like and gammaaminobutyric acid-like immunoreactivities in neurons of the arcuate nucleus, Neuroendocrinology, 39, 189, 10.1159/000123977

Fellmann, 1983, Mise en évidence d'un nouveau système neuronal peptidergique immunoreactif à un immun-serum anti-hpGRF 44 dans le cerveau du lerot (Eliomys quercinus), C.R. Acad. Sci., 296, 487

Ferin, 1984, The hypothalamic control of the menstrual cycle and the role of endogenous opioid peptides, Vol. 40, 441

Finley, 1981, Immunocytochemical localization of β-endorphin-containing neurons in the rat brain, Neuroendocrinology, 33, 28, 10.1159/000123197

Frederickson, 1982, Endogenous opioid peptides: review of physiological, pharmacological and clinical aspects, Prog. Neurobiol., 19, 19, 10.1016/0301-0082(82)90020-X

Fuxe, 1964, Cellular localization of monoamines in the median eminence and infundibular stem of some mammals, Z. Zellforsch., 61, 710, 10.1007/BF00342620

Fuxe, 1966, Further evidence for the existence of tuberoinfundibular dopamine neurons, Acta Physiol. Scand., 66, 245, 10.1111/j.1748-1716.1966.tb03192.x

Fuxe, 1969, Catecholamines in the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland, 47

Gabriel, 1983, Modulation of endogenous opioid influence on luteinizing hormone secretion by progesterone and estrogen, Endocrinology, 113, 1806, 10.1210/endo-113-5-1806

Goldsmith, 1979, Dopamine receptor sites in the anterior pituitary, J. Histochem. Cytochem., 27, 1205, 10.1177/27.8.383827

Goldstein, 1980, Immunoreactive dynorphin in pituitary and brain, 77, 6207

Goldstein, 1979, Dynorphin (1–13), an extraordinarily potent opioid peptide, 76, 6666

Guillemin, 1982, Growth hormone-releasing factor from a human pancreatic tumor that caused acromegaly, Science, 218, 585, 10.1126/science.6812220

Harris, 1985

Haskins, 1981, Iontophoresis of morphine into the arcuate nucleus: effects on dopamine concentrations in hypophyseal portal plasma and serum prolactin concentrations, Endocrinology, 108, 767, 10.1210/endo-108-3-767

Hatton, 1984, Dynamic neuronal-glial interactions in hypothalamus and pituitary: implications for control of hormone synthesis and release, Peptides, 5, 121, 10.1016/0196-9781(84)90271-7

Hemmings, 1984, DARPP-32, a dopamine- and adenosine 3′:5′monophosphate-regulated phosphoprotein enriched in dopamine-innervated brain regions. 2. Purification and characterization of the phosphoprotein from bovine caudate nucleus, J. Neurosci., 4, 99, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.04-01-00099.1984

Hisano, 1982, Immunoreactive ACTH/β-Endorphin neurons in the tuberoinfundibular hypothalamus of rats, Cell Tiss. Res., 224, 303, 10.1007/BF00216875

Hökfelt, 1973, Possible site of action of dopamine in the hypothalamic pituitary control, Acta Physiol. Sound., 89, 606, 10.1111/j.1748-1716.1973.tb05556.x

Hökfelt, 1977, The distribution of enkephalin immunoreactivity in the central nervous system, Neurosci. Lett., 5, 25, 10.1016/0304-3940(77)90160-4

Hökfelt, 1978, Dense plexus of substance P immunoreactive nerve terminals in eminentia medialis of the primate hypothalamus, 75, 1013

Hökfelt, 1980, Peptidergic neurons, Nature (London), 284, 515, 10.1038/284515a0

Hökfelt, 1983, Neuropeptide Y (NPY)- and FMRF amide neuropeptide-like imtnunoreactivities in catecholamine neurons of the rat medulla oblongata, Acta Physiol. Scand., 117, 315, 10.1111/j.1748-1716.1983.tb07214.x

Hökfelt, 1984, Occurrence of neurotensin-like immunoreactivity in subpopulations of hypothalamic, mesencephalic and medullary catecholamine neurons, J. Comp. Neurol., 222, 543, 10.1002/cne.902220407

Hökfelt, 1984, Central catecholamine neurons as revealed by immunohistochemistry with special reference to adrenaline neurons, Vol. 2, 157

Hökfelt, 1984, Distributional maps of tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive neurons in the rat brain, Vol. 2, 277

Hökfelt, 1985, Tracing of afferents to the median eminence using combined immunohistochemistry and intravenous administration of fluorescent compounds, Neurosci. Lett., 565

Hughes, 1975, Identification of two related pentapeptides from the brain with potent opiate agonist activity, Nature (London), 258, 577, 10.1038/258577a0

Ibata, 1980, Dopamine and β-endorphin are contained in different neurons of the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus as revealed by combined fluorescence histochemistry and immunohistochemistry, Neurosci. Lett., 17, 185, 10.1016/0304-3940(80)90082-8

Ibata, 1983, Coexistence of dopamine and neurotensin in hypothalamic arcuate and periventricular neurons, Brain Res., 269, 177, 10.1016/0006-8993(83)90978-2

Ibata, 1984, Morphological survey of neurotensin-like immunoreactive neurons in the hypothalamus, Peptides, 5, 109, 10.1016/0196-9781(84)90270-5

Ibata, 1984, Light and electron microscopic immunocytochemistry of neurotensin-like immunoreactive neurons in the rat hypothalamus, Brain Res., 302, 221, 10.1016/0006-8993(84)90234-8

Inui, 1985, Cross reactivities of neuropeptide Y and peptide YY with pancreatic polypeptide antisera: evidence for the existence of pancreatic polypeptide in the brain, Brain Res., 330, 386, 10.1016/0006-8993(85)90704-8

Jacobowitz, 1982, Bovine pancreatic polypeptide-like immunoreactivity in brain and peripheral nervous system: coexistence with catecholaminergic nerves, Peptides, 3, 569, 10.1016/0196-9781(82)90128-0

Jacobowitz, 1983, Localization of GRF-like immunoreactive neurons in the rat brain, Peptides, 4, 521, 10.1016/0196-9781(83)90058-X

Jaeger, 1984, Aromatic amino acid decarboxylase in the rat brain: immunocytochemical localization in neurons of the brainstem, Neuroscience, 11, 691, 10.1016/0306-4522(84)90053-8

Jaeger, 1984, Immunocytochemical localization of aromaticl-aminoacid decarboxylase, Vol. 2, 387

Jennes, 1982, Neurotensin: topographical distribution in rat brain by immunohistochemistry, J. Comp. Neurol., 210, 211, 10.1002/cne.902100302

Jennes, 1984, Monosodium glutamate lesions in the rat hypothalamus studied by immunohistochemistry for gonadotrophin releasing hormone, neurotensin, tyrosine hydroxylase and glutamic acid decarboxylase and by autoradiography for [3H]estradiol, Brain Res., 308, 245, 10.1016/0006-8993(84)91063-1

Johansson, 1978, Immunohistochemical distribution of enkephalin neurons, Vol. 18, 51

Johansson, 1984, Immunohistochemical distribution of somatostatin-like immunoreactivity in the central nervous system of the adult rat, Neuroscience, 13, 265, 10.1016/0306-4522(84)90233-1

Johnson, 1981, A simple method of reducing the fading of immunofluorescence during microscopy, J. Immun. Meth., 43, 349, 10.1016/0022-1759(81)90183-6

Jones, 1982, Enkephalin biosynthetic pathway: a 5300-dalton adrenal polypeptide that terminates at its COOH end with the sequence (Met)-enkephalin-ArgGly-Leu-COOH, 79, 1313

Jones, 1976, Effect of various putative neurotransmitters on the secretion of corticotrophin releasing hormone from the rat hypothalamus in vitro — a model of the neurotransmitters involved, J. Endocrinol, 69, 1, 10.1677/joe.0.0690001

Kalra, 1984, Opioid-adrenergic-steroid connection in regulation of luteinizing hormone secretion in the rat, Neuroendocrinology, 38, 418, 10.1159/000123928

Kahn, 1981, Neurotensin neurons in the rat hypothalamus: an immunocytochemical study, Endocrinology, 107, 47, 10.1210/endo-107-1-47

Kawano, 1982, Immunohistochemical studies of intrahypothalamic somatostatin-containing neurons in rat, Brain Res., 242, 227, 10.1016/0006-8993(82)90304-3

Khachaturian, 1983, Enkephalin systems in diencephalon and brainstem of the rat, J. Comp. Neurol., 220, 310, 10.1002/cne.902200305

Khachaturian, 1985, β-Endorphin, α-MSH, ACTH and related peptides, Vol. 4

Kilpatrick, 1981, Identification of the octapeptide (Met) enkephalin-Arg-Gly-Leu in extracts of bovine adrenal medulla, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 13, 698, 10.1016/0006-291X(81)90506-4

Kinoshita, 1982, Suppressive effect of Dynorphin (1-13) on luteinizing hormone release in conscious castrated rats, Life Sci., 30, 1915, 10.1016/0024-3205(82)90472-6

Kiss, 1985, The hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus appears to have a pivotal role in suckling-induced and episodic prolactin secretion in lactating rats, Neurosci. Lett., 223

Köhler, 1984, A diffuse a MSH-immunoreactive projection to the hippocampus and spinal cord from individual neurons in the lateral hypothalamic area and zona incerta, J. Comp. Neurol., 223, 501, 10.1002/cne.902230404

Kokka, 1974, Effects of narcotic analgesics, anaesthetics and hypothalamic lesions on growth hormone and adrenocorticotrophic hormone secretion in rats, 137

Krukoff, 1984, A group of neurons highly reactive for enkephalins in the rat hypothalamus, Peptides, 5, 931, 10.1016/0196-9781(84)90119-0

Kumar, 1979, Changes in pituitary and hypothalamic content of Met- and Leu-enkephalin during the oestrous cycle of rats, Life Sci., 25, 1687, 10.1016/0024-3205(79)90410-7

Lechan, 1982, The tuberoinfundibular system of the rat as demonstrated by immunohistochemical localisation of retrogradely transported wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) from the median eminence, Brain Res., 245, 1, 10.1016/0006-8993(82)90334-1

Lechan, 1984, Distribution of immunoreactive growth hormone-releasing factor (1-44)NH2 in the tuberoinfundibular system of the rhesus monkey, Brain Res., 309, 55, 10.1016/0006-8993(84)91010-2

Levey, 1983, Co-localization of acetylcholinesterase and choline acetyl transferase in the rat cerebrum, Neuroscience, 9, 9, 10.1016/0306-4522(83)90042-8

Ljungdahl, 1978, Distribution of Substance P-like immunoreactivity in the central nervous system of the rat. I. Cell bodies and nerve terminals, Neuroscience, 3, 861, 10.1016/0306-4522(78)90116-1

Lomax, 1970, Thyroid activity following intracerebral injection of morphine in the rat, Neuroendocrinology, 6, 146, 10.1159/000121917

Loren, 1979, Immunoreactive pancreatic polypeptide (PP) occurs in the central and peripheral nervous system: preliminary immunocytochemical observations, Cell Tiss. Res., 200, 179, 10.1007/BF00236410

Lundberg, 1983, Coexistence of peptides and classical transmitters, Trends Neurosci., 6, 325, 10.1016/0166-2236(83)90149-2

Lundberg, 1984, Comparative immunocytochemical and biochemical analysis of pancreatic polypeptide-like peptides with special reference to presence of neuropeptide Y in central and peripheral neurons, J. Neurosci., 4, 2376, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.04-09-02376.1984

Mains, 1977, Common precursor to corticotrophins and endorphins, 74, 3014

Markey, 1980, Purification and characterization of tyrosine hydroxylase from a clonal phaeochromocytoma cell line, Molec. Pharmacol., 17, 79

Matsuo, 1983, Novel C-terminally amidated opioid peptide in human phaeochromocytoma tumour, Nature (London), 305, 721, 10.1038/305721a0

MacLeod, 1974, Studies on the mechanism of dopamine-mediated inhibition of prolactin secretion, Endocrinology, 94, 1077, 10.1210/endo-94-4-1077

McCann, 1982, The role of brain peptides in the control of anterior pituitary hormone secretion, Vol. 1, 1

McCann, 1984, Recent studies on the role of brain peptides in control of anterior pituitary hormone secretion, Peptides, 5, 3, 10.1016/0196-9781(84)90259-6

McCann, 1982, Control of anterior pituitary hormone release by gamma aminobutyric acid, 125

McGinty, 1983, Double immunostaining reveals distinctions among opioid peptidergic neurons in the medial basal hypothalamus, Brain Res., 278, 145, 10.1016/0006-8993(83)90233-0

Meister, 1985, Growth hormone-releasing factor (GRF) and dopamine coexist in hypothalamic arcuate neurons, Acta Physiol. Scand., 124, 133, 10.1111/j.1748-1716.1985.tb07643.x

Meister, 1986, Coexistence of tyrosine hydroxylase and growth hormone-releasing factor in a subpopulation of tuberoinfundibular neurons of the rat, Neuroendocrinology, 42, 237, 10.1159/000124446

Meites, 1979, Relation of endogenous opioid peptides and morphine to neuroendocrine functions, Life Sci., 24, 1325, 10.1016/0024-3205(79)90001-8

Melander, T. Hökfelt, and Rökaeus A., Distribution of galanin-like immunoreactivity in the rat central nervous system, J. Comp. Neurol., in press.

Meltzer, 1978, Effects of enkephalin analogs on prolactin release in the rat, Life Sci., 22, 1931, 10.1016/0024-3205(78)90480-0

Merchenthaler, 1986, Immunocytochemical localization of proenkephalin-derived peptides in the central nervous system of the rat, Neuroscience, 17, 325, 10.1016/0306-4522(86)90250-2

Merchenthaler, 1984, Immunocytochemical localization of growth hormonereleasing factor in the rat hypothalamus, Endocrinology, 114, 1082, 10.1210/endo-114-4-1082

Mesulam, 1983, Central cholinergic pathways in the rat: an overview based on an alternative nomenclature (Ch1-Ch6), Neuroscience, 10, 1185, 10.1016/0306-4522(83)90108-2

Miller, R.J., Chang, K.J., Cooper B. and Cuatrecasas. P., Radioimmunoassay and characterization of enkephalin in rat tissues, J. Biol. Chem., 253, 531–538.

Mitsuma, 1983, Dynorphin1–13 effects on thyrotrophin-releasing hormone and thyrotrophin secretion in rats, Acta Endocrinol, (Copenhagen), 103, 359, 10.1530/acta.0.1030359

Moore, 1984, Noradrenaline-containing neuron systems, Vol. 2, 123

Mugnaini, 1985, An atlas of the distribution of GABAergic neurons and terminals in the rat CNS as revealed by GAD immunohistochemistry, Vol. 4, 436

Müller, 1983, Nervous control of growth hormone secretion, Neuroendocrinology, 11, 338, 10.1159/000122146

Munson, 1973, Effects of morphine and related drugs in the ACTH-stress reaction, Progr. Brain Res., 39, 361, 10.1016/S0079-6123(08)64092-3

Mårtensson, 1984, Low power photography in the fluorescence microscope using an automatic dark-field condenser-scanner, Vol 2, 380

Nairn, 1969, Immunological tracing: general considerations, 111

Nakane, 1966, Enzyme-labelled antibodies: preparation and application for the localization of antigen, J. Histochem. Cytochem., 14, 929, 10.1177/14.12.929

Negro-Vilar, 1979, Evidence for noradrenergic involvement in episodic prolactin and growth hormone release in ovariectomized rats, Endocrinology, 105, 86, 10.1210/endo-105-1-86

Neill, 1980, Neuroendocrine regulation of prolactin secretion, 124

Nikolics, 1985, A prolactin-inhibiting factor within the precursor for human gonadotrophin-releasing hormone, Nature (London), 316, 511, 10.1038/316511a0

O'Donohue, 1984, Characterization and distribution of FMRFamide immunoreactivity in the rat central nervous system, Peptides, 5, 563, 10.1016/0196-9781(84)90087-1

Okamura, 1985, Coexistence of growth hormone releasing factor-like and tyrosine hydroxylase-like immunoreactivities in neurons of the rat arcuate nucleus, Neuroendocrinology, 41, 177, 10.1159/000124172

Olschowka, 1981, The distribution of bovine pancreatic polypeptidelike immunoreactive neurons in rat brain, Peptides, 2, 309, 10.1016/S0196-9781(81)80125-8

Ouimet, 1984, DARPP-32, a dopamine and adenosine 3′:5′-monophosphate-regulated phosphoprotein enriched in dopamine-innervated brain regions. 3. Immunocytochemical localization, J. Neurosci., 4, 111, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.04-01-00111.1984

Palkovits, 1982, Neuropeptides in the median eminence: their sources and destinations, Peptides, 3, 299, 10.1016/0196-9781(82)90090-0

Pang, 1977, Morphine inhibition of the preovulatory surges of plasma luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone in the rat, Endocrinology, 101, 1726, 10.1210/endo-101-6-1726

Patel, 1979, Effect of anterior hypothalamic lesions on neurohypophyseal and peripheral tissue concentrations of somatostatin in the rat, Endocrinology, 105, 712, 10.1210/endo-105-3-712

Paxinos, 1982

Pease, 1962, Buffered formaldehyde as a killing agent and primary fixative for electron microscopy, Anat. Res., 142, 342

Penny, 1984, The distribution of glutamic acid decarboxylase immunoreactivity in the diencephalon of the opossum and rabbit, J. Comp. Neurol., 228, 38, 10.1002/cne.902280106

Ferez de la Mora, 1981, Demonstration of central gamma-aminobutyrate-containing nerve terminals by means of antibodies against glutamate decarboxylase, Neuroscience, 6, 875, 10.1016/0306-4522(81)90169-X

Phillips, 1985, Immunocytochemical localization in rat brain of a prolactin release-inhibiting sequence of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone prohormone, Nature (London), 316, 542, 10.1038/316542a0

Platt, 1983, Retardation of fading and enhancement of intensity of immunofluorescence by p-phenylenediamine, J. Histochem. Cytochem., 31, 840, 10.1177/31.6.6341464

Price, 1977, Structure of a molluscan cardioexcitatory neuropeptide, Science, 197, 670, 10.1126/science.877582

Quabbe, H.-J., Neuroendocrinology of growth hormone. In S. L. Lightman and B. J. Everitt (Eds.), Contemporary Neuroendocrinology, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, in press.

Quirion, 1983, Interactions between neurotensin and dopamine in the brain: an overview, Peptides, 4, 609, 10.1016/0196-9781(83)90005-0

Racagni, 1982, GABAergic control of anterior pituitary hormone secretion, Life Sci., 31, 823, 10.1016/0024-3205(82)90537-9

Ragavan, 1981, Opioid regulation of prolactin secretion: evidence for a specific role of β-endorphin, Endocrinology, 109, 1769, 10.1210/endo-109-5-1769

Rivier, 1977, Effect of neurotensin, substance P and morphine sulphate on the secretion of prolactin and growth hormone in the rat, Endocrinology, 100, 751, 10.1210/endo-100-3-751

Rivier, 1982, Characterization of a growth hormone-releasing factor from a human pancreatic tumor, Nature (London), 300, 276, 10.1038/300276a0

Roberts, 1977, Characterization of a common precursor to corticotropin and beta-lipotropin: identification of beta-lipotropin peptides and their arrangement relative to corticotropin in the precursor synthesized in a cell-free system, 74, 5300

Ronnekleiv, 1984, Distribution of immunoreactive substance P neurons in the hypothalamus and pituitary of the rhesus monkey, J. Comp. Neurol., 224, 51, 10.1002/cne.902240105

Rökaeus, 1984, A galanin-like peptide in the central nervous system and intestine of the rat, Neurosci. Lett., 47, 161, 10.1016/0304-3940(84)90423-3

Rosenzweig, 1982, Dopamine internalization by and intracellular distribution within prolactin cells and somatotrophs of the rat anterior pituitary as determined by quantitative electron microscopic autoradiography, Endocrinology, 111, 1817, 10.1210/endo-111-6-1817

Rossier, 1982, Functions of β-endorphin and enkephalins in the pituitary, Vol. 7

Sar, 1984, Estradiol is concentrated in tyrosine hydroxylase-containing neurons of the hypothalamus, Science, 223, 938, 10.1126/science.6141639

Sar, 1978, Immunohistochemical localization of enkephalins in rat brain and spinal cord, J. Comp. Neurol., 182, 17, 10.1002/cne.901820103

Sawchenko, 1983, The organization of forebrain afferents to the paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei of the rat, J. Comp. Neurol., 218, 121, 10.1002/cne.902180202

Sawchenko, 1984, Corticotropin-releasing factor: co-expression within distinct subsets of oxytocin-, vasopressin- and neurotensin-immu-noreactive neurons in the hypothalamus of the male rat, J. Neurosci., 4, 1118, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.04-04-01118.1984

Sawchenko, 1985, The distribution of growth hormone-releasing factor (GRF)-immunoreactivity in the central nervous system of the rat: an immunohistochemical study using antisera directed against rat hypothalamic GRF, J. Comp. Neurol., 237, 100, 10.1002/cne.902370108

Scharrer, 1954, Hormones produced by neurosecretory cells, Recent Progr. Hormone Res., 10, 183

Schally, 1973, Hypothalamic regulatory hormones, Science, 179, 341, 10.1126/science.179.4071.341

Schultz, 1981, gb-endorphin and dynorphin conrol serum luteinizing hormone level in immature female rats, Nature (London), 294, 757, 10.1038/294757a0

Schultzberg, 1979, Enkephalin immunoreactive nerve fibres and cell bodies in sympathetic ganglia of the guinea pig and rat, Neuroscience, 4, 249, 10.1016/0306-4522(79)90087-3

Semenko, F.M., Cuello, A.C., Goldstein, M., Lee, K.Y. and Sidebottom, E., A monoclonal antibody against tyrosine hydroxylase: application in light and electron microscopy, J. Histochem. Cytochem., in press.

Shaar, 1977, Enkephalin analogs and naloxone modulate the release of growth hormone and prolactin — evidence of regulation by endogenous opioid peptides in brain, Life Sci., 21, 853, 10.1016/0024-3205(77)90415-5

Smith, 1984, Growth hormone releasing factor immunoreactivity in rat hypothalamus, Neuropeptides, 4, 109, 10.1016/0143-4179(84)90121-5

Sofroniew, 1979, Immunoreactive β-Endorphin and ACTH in the same neurons of the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus in the rat, Am. J. Anat., 154, 283, 10.1002/aja.1001540212

Spiess, 1983, Characterization of rat hypothalamic growth hormone-releasing factor, Nature (London), 303, 532, 10.1038/303532a0

Stern, 1981, Two adrenal polypeptides: proposed intermediates in the processing of proenkephalin, 78, 1962

Stern, 1979, Isolation of the opioid hectapeptide Met-enkephalin (Arg, Phe) from bovine adrenal medullary granules and striaturn, 76, 6680

Sternberger, 1979

Stoeckel, 1982, Immunocytochemical localization of substance P in the neurohypophysis and hypothalamus of the mouse compared with the distribution of other neuropeptides, Cell Tissue Res., 223, 533, 10.1007/BF00218474

Szentagothai, 1972, Hypothalamic control of the anterior pituitary, Akademiai Kiado (Budapest)

Takeda, 1984, Origins of histamine-containing fibres in the cerebral cortex of rats studied by immunohistochemistry with histidine decarboxylase as a marker and transection, Brain Res., 323, 55, 10.1016/0006-8993(84)90264-6

Tappaz, 1984, GABA and anterior pituitary function: anatomical data, Psychoneuroendocrinology, 9, 85, 10.1016/0306-4530(84)90028-3

Tappaz, 1977, Origin of glutamatedecarboxylase (GAD)-containing cells in discrete hypothalamic nuclei, Brain Res., 132, 95, 10.1016/0006-8993(77)90708-9

Tappaz, 1980, Autoradiography of GABA in the rat hypothalamic median eminence, Brain Res., 186, 379, 10.1016/0006-8993(80)90983-X

Tappaz, 1983, Light- and electron-microscopic immunocyto-chemistry of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) in the basal hypothalamus: morphological evidence for neuroendocrine gamma aminobutyrate (GABA), Neuroscience, 9, 271, 10.1016/0306-4522(83)90293-2

Tatemoto, 1982, Complete amino acid sequence of the brain peptide, 79, 5485

Tatemoto, 1982, Neuropeptide Y — a novel brain peptide with structural similarities for peptide YY and pancreatic polypeptide, Nature (London), 296, 659, 10.1038/296659a0

Tatemoto, 1983, Galanin — a novel biologically active peptide from procine intestine, FEBS Lett., 164, 124, 10.1016/0014-5793(83)80033-7

Tramu, 1978, An efficient method of antibody elution for the successive or simultaneous localization of two antigens by immunohistochemistry, J. Histochem. Cytochem., 26, 322, 10.1177/26.4.207771

Tramu, 1977, Immunohistochemical evidence for an ACTH-like substance in hypothalamic LHRH neurons, Neurosci. Lett., 6, 305, 10.1016/0304-3940(77)90089-1

Tsuruo, 1983, Substance P-like immunoreactive neurons in the tuberoinfundibular area of rat hypothalamus, Brain Res., 289, 1, 10.1016/0006-8993(83)90002-1

Uhl, 1979, Neuroten-sin-containing cell bodies, fibres and nerve terminals in the brainstem of the rat: immunohistochemical mapping, Brain Res., 167, 77, 10.1016/0006-8993(79)90264-6

Vale, 1973, Chemistry of the hypothalamic releasing factors — studies on structure —function relationships, 375

Vanden Pol, 1982, The hypothalamic arcuate nucleus of the rat — a quantitative Golgi analysis, J. Comp. Neurol., 204, 65, 10.1002/cne.902040108

Van den Pol, 1984, Tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive neurons of the hypothalamus: a light and electron microscopic study, Neuroscience, 13, 1117, 10.1016/0306-4522(84)90292-6

Van Loon, 1980, Dopaminergic mediation of/3-endorphin induced prolactin secretion, Neuroendocrinology, 31, 292, 10.1159/000123091

Van Vugt, 1981, Comparison of acute effects of dynorphin and β-endorphin on prolactin release in the rat, Endocrinology, 108, 2017, 10.1210/endo-108-5-2017

Vijayan, 1979, in vivo and in vitro effects of substance P and neurotensin on gonadotrophin and prolactin release, Endocrinology, 105, 64, 10.1210/endo-105-1-64

Vijayan, 1978, Catecholaminergic regulation of TSH and growth hormone release in ovariectomized and ovariectomized, steroid-primed rats, Neuroendocrinology, 26, 174, 10.1159/000122779

Vincent, 1982, GABA neuron system in hypothalamus and pituitary gland: immunohistochemical demonstration using antibodies against glutamate decarboxylase, Neuroendocrinology, 34, 117, 10.1159/000123288

Vincent, 1982, Dynorphin-immunoreactive neurons in the central nervous system of the rat, Neurosci. Lett., 33, 185, 10.1016/0304-3940(82)90249-X

Vincent, 1982, Coexistence of somatostatin- and avian pancreatic polypeptide (APP)- like immunoreactivity in some forebrain neurons, Neuroscience, 7, 439, 10.1016/0306-4522(82)90278-0

Vincent, 1982, Neuropeptide coexistence in human cortical neurons, Nature (London), 298, 65, 10.1038/298065a0

Walaas, 1978, The effect of parenteral glutamate treatment on the localization of neurotransmitters in the mediobasal hypothalamus, Brain Res., 153, 549, 10.1016/0006-8993(78)90339-6

Walaas, 1984, DARPP-32, a dopamineand adenosine 3′:5′-monophosphate-regulated phosphoprotein enriched in dopamine innervated brain regions. I. Regional and cellular distribution in the rat brain, J. Neurosci., 4, 111, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.04-01-00084.1984

Wamsley, 1980, Immunohistochemical localization of enkephalins in rat forebrain, Brain Res., 190, 153, 10.1016/0006-8993(80)91166-X

Watanabe, 1984, Distribution of the histaminergic neuron system in the central nervous system of rats: a fluorescent immunohistochemical analysis with histidine decarboxyiase as a marke, Brain Res., 295, 13, 10.1016/0006-8993(84)90811-4

Watson, 1977, β-Lipotropin. Localization of cells and axons in rat brain by immunohistochemistry, 74, 5155

Watson, 1980, α-MSH in rat brain: occurence within and outside of β-endorphin neurons, Brain Res., 182, 217, 10.1016/0006-8993(80)90849-5

Watson, 1980, Anatomical and biochemical studies of the opioid peptides and related substances in the brain, Peptides, 1, 11, 10.1016/0196-9781(80)90099-6

Watson, 1982, Dynorphin and vasopressin: common localization in magnocellular neurons, Science, 216, 85, 10.1126/science.6121376

Watson, 1983, Pro-dynorphin peptides are found in the same neurons throughout the rat brain: immunocytochemical study, 80, 891

Weber, 1982, Immunohistochemical distribution of α-neoendorphin/dynorphin neuronal systems in rat brain: evidence for colocalization, 79, 3062

Weber, 1983, Metorphamide: isolation, structure and biologic activity of an amidated opioid octapeptide from bovine brain, 80, 7362

Wiegand, 1980, Cells of origin of the afferent fibres to the median eminence in the rat, J. Comp. Neurol., 192, 1, 10.1002/cne.901920102

Williams, 1983, Immunohistochemical studies of FMRF-amide-like immunoreactivity in rat brain, Brain Res., 276, 213, 10.1016/0006-8993(83)90728-X

Williams, 1983, Distribution of enkephalin-related peptides in rat brain: immunohistochemical studies using antisera to Met-enkephalin and Met-en-kephalin Arg Phe, Neuroscience, 9, 563, 10.1016/0306-4522(83)90175-6

Wu, 1976, Purification and properties of L-glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) and GABA-aminotransferase (GABA-T), 7

Wu, 1983, Preparation of glutamic acid decarboxylase as immunogen for immunocytochemistry, 159

Zamboni, 1967, Buffered picric acid formaldehyde: a new rapid fixative for electron microscopy, J. Cell Biol., 148a, 35

Zimmerman, 1978, β-lipotropin in brain: Localization in hypothalamic neurons by immunoperoxidase technique, Cell Tiss. Res., 186, 393, 10.1007/BF00224929