The human raphe nuclei and the serotonergic system

Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy - Tập 26 Số 4 - Trang 331-343 - 2003
Jean‐Pierre Hornung1
1Institut de Biologie Cellulaire et de Morphologie, University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 9, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland

Tóm tắt

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

Acsády, 1993, Calretinin is present in non-pyramidal cells of the rat hippocampus. III. Their inputs from the median raphe and medial septal nuclei, Neuroscience, 52, 829, 10.1016/0306-4522(93)90532-K

Aghajanian, 2000, Serotonin model of schizophrenia: emerging role of glutamate mechanisms, Brain Res. Rev., 31, 302, 10.1016/S0165-0173(99)00046-6

Arango, 2001, Serotonin 1A receptors, serotonin transporter binding and serotonin transporter mRNA expression in the brainstem of depressed suicide victims, Neuropsychopharmacology, 25, 892, 10.1016/S0893-133X(01)00310-4

Arita, 1993, Serotonin innervation patterns differ among the various medullary motoneuronal groups involved in upper airway control, Exp. Brain Res., 95, 100, 10.1007/BF00229659

Arita, 1995, Serotonergic cells in nucleus raphe pallidus provide tonic drive to posterior cricoarytenoid motoneurons via 5-hydroxytryptamine2 receptors in cats, Neurosci. Lett., 197, 113, 10.1016/0304-3940(95)11907-E

Assal, 2000, Clinicoanatomical correlates of a Fou rire prodromique in a pontine infarction, J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry, 69, 697, 10.1136/jnnp.69.5.697

Azmitia, 1983, The ultrastructural localization of serotonin immunoreactivity in myelinated and unmyelinated axons within the medial forebrain bundle of rat and monkey, J. Neurosci., 3, 2083, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.03-10-02083.1983

Azmitia, E.C., Gannon, P.J., 1986. The primate serotonergic system: a review of human and animal studies and a report on Macaca fascicularis. In: Fahn, S. (Ed.), Advances in Neurology, vol. 43. Myoclonus. Raven, New York, pp. 407–468.

Azmitia, 1978, An autoradiographic analysis of the differential ascending projections of the dorsal and median raphe nuclei in the rat, J. Comp. Neurol., 179, 641, 10.1002/cne.901790311

Azmitia, 1996, Cellular localization of the 5-HT1A receptor in primate brain neurons and glial cells, Neuropsychopharmacology, 14, 35, 10.1016/S0893-133X(96)80057-1

Baker, 1991, Distribution, morphology and number of monoamine-synthesizing and substance P-containing neurons in the human dorsal raphe nucleus, Neuroscience, 42, 757, 10.1016/0306-4522(91)90043-N

Baker, 1991, Cytoarchitecture of serotonin-synthesizing neurons in the pontine tegmentum of the human brain, Synapse, 7, 301, 10.1002/syn.890070407

Baker, 1992, Cytoarchitecture of the human dorsal raphe nucleus, J. Comp. Neurol., 301, 147, 10.1002/cne.903010202

Beaudet, 1978, The monoamine innervation of rat cerebral cortex: synaptic and nonsynaptic axon terminals, Neuroscience, 3, 851, 10.1016/0306-4522(78)90115-X

Behzadi, 1990, Afferents to the median raphe of the rat: retrograde cholera toxin and wheat germ conjugated horseradish peroxidase tracing, and selective D-(3H)aspartate labelling of possible excitatory amino acid inputs, Neuroscience, 37, 77, 10.1016/0306-4522(90)90194-9

Bengel, 1998, Altered brain serotonin homeostasis and locomotor insensitivity to 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (“ecstasy”) in serotonin transporter-deficient mice, Mol. Pharmacol., 53, 649, 10.1124/mol.53.4.649

Berger, 1988, Regional and laminar distribution of the dopamine and serotonin innervation in the macaque cerebral cortex: a radioautographic study, J. Comp. Neurol., 273, 99, 10.1002/cne.902730109

Berger, 1989, Depletion of serotonin using p-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA) and reserpine protects against the neurotoxic effects of p-chloroamphetamine (PCA) in the brain, Exp. Neurol., 103, 111, 10.1016/0014-4886(89)90071-X

Biver, 1997, Serotonin 5-HT2 receptor imaging in major depression: focal changes in orbito-insular cortex, Br. J. Psychiatry, 171, 444, 10.1192/bjp.171.5.444

Björklund, A., Hökfelt, T., 1985. GABA and Neuropeptides in the CNS, Part I. Elsevier, Amsterdam.

Björklund, A., Hökfelt, T., Kuhar, M.J., 1990. Neuropeptide in the CNS, Part II. Elsevier, Amsterdam.

Blessing, W.W., Gai, W.P., 1997. Caudal pons and medulla oblongata. In: Bloom, F.E., Björklund, A., Hökfelt, T. (Eds.), The Primate Nervous System, Part I. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 139–215.

Bou-Flores, 2000, Abnormal phrenic motoneuron activity and morphology in neonatal monoamine oxidase A-deficient transgenic mice: possible role of a serotonin excess, J. Neurosci., 20, 4646, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.20-12-04646.2000

Boutrel, 1999, Key role of 5-HT1B receptors in the regulation of paradoxical sleep as evidenced in 5-HT1B knock-out mice, J. Neurosci., 19, 3204, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.19-08-03204.1999

Brunner, 1993, Abnormal behavior associate with a point mutation in the structural gene for monoamine oxidase A, Science, 262, 578, 10.1126/science.8211186

Campbell, 1987, Distribution of choline acetyltransferase-, serotonin-, dopamine-β-hydroxylase-, tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive fibers in monkey primary auditory cortex, J. Comp. Neurol., 261, 209, 10.1002/cne.902610204

Cann-Moisan, 1999, Changes in cerebrospinal fluid monoamine metabolites, tryptophan, and gamma-aminobutyric acid during the 1st year of life in normal infants. comparison with victims of sudden infant death syndrome, Biol. Neonate, 75, 152, 10.1159/000014091

Cases, 1995, Aggressive behavior and altered amounts of brain serotonin and norepinephrine in mice lacking MAOA, Science, 268, 1763, 10.1126/science.7792602

Cases, 1996, Lack of barrels in the somatosensory cortex of monoamine oxidase A-deficient mice: role of a serotonin excess during the critical period, Neuron, 16, 297, 10.1016/S0896-6273(00)80048-3

Cases, 1998, Plasma membrane transporters of serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine mediate serotonin accumulation in atypical locations in the developing brain of monoamine oxidase A knock-outs, J. Neurosci., 18, 6914, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.18-17-06914.1998

Cook, 1996, The serotonin system in autism, Curr. Opin. Pediatr., 8, 348, 10.1097/00008480-199608000-00008

Corvaja, 1993, Ultrastructure and synaptic targets of the raphe-nigral projection in the rat, Neuroscience, 55, 417, 10.1016/0306-4522(93)90510-M

Crabbe, 1996, Elevated alcohol consumption in null mutant mice lacking 5-HT1B serotonin receptors, Nat. Genet., 14, 98, 10.1038/ng0996-98

Dahlström, 1964, Evidence for the existence of monoamine-containing neurons in the central nervous system. I. Demonstration of monoamines in the cell bodies of brainstem neurons, Acta Physiol. Scand., 232, 1

Datiche, 1995, Serotonergic and non-serotonergic projections from the raphe nuclei to the piriform cortex in the rat: A cholera toxin B subunit (CTb) and 5-HT immunohistochemical study, Brain Res., 671, 27, 10.1016/0006-8993(94)01293-Q

DeFelipe, 1988, A light and electron microscopic study of serotonin-immunoreactive fibers and terminals in the monkey sensory-motor cortex, Exp. Brain Res., 71, 171, 10.1007/BF00247532

Del Fiacco, 1984, Topographical localization of substance P in the human post-mortem brainstem. An immunohistochemical study in the newborn and adult tissue, Neuroscience, 12, 591, 10.1016/0306-4522(84)90075-7

De Lima, 1988, Synaptic organization of serotonin-immunoreactive fibers in primary visual cortex of the macaque monkey, J. Comp. Neurol., 274, 280, 10.1002/cne.902740211

De Olmos, 1980, Double and triple labeling of neurons with fluorescent substances. The study of collateral pathways in the ascending raphe system, Neurosci. Lett., 19, 7, 10.1016/0304-3940(80)90247-5

Ding, 2003, Lmx1b is essential for the development of serotonergic neurons, Nat. Neurosci., 6, 933, 10.1038/nn1104

Dori, 1996, Regional differences in the ontogeny of the serotonergic projection to the cerebral cortex, Exp. Neurol., 138, 1, 10.1006/exnr.1996.0041

Dugovic, 1989, Functional role of 5-HT2 receptors in the regulation of sleep and wakefulness in the rat, Psychopharmacology (Berl.), 97, 436, 10.1007/BF00439544

Fallon, 1982, Monoamine innervation of the forebrain: collateralization, Brain Res. Bull., 9, 295, 10.1016/0361-9230(82)90143-5

Felten, 1983, Monoamine distribution in primate brain V. monoaminergic nuclei: anatomy, pathways and local organization, Brain Res. Bull., 10, 171, 10.1016/0361-9230(83)90045-X

Fields, 1991, Neurotransmitters in nociceptive modulatory circuits, Annu. Rev. Neurosci., 14, 219, 10.1146/annurev.ne.14.030191.001251

Fischer, 1995, Reorganization of ascending 5-HT axon projections in animals previously exposed to the recreational drug (±)3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, “ecstasy”), J. Neurosci., 15, 5476, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.15-08-05476.1995

Fornal, 1996, A subgroup of dorsal raphe serotonergic neurons in the cat is strongly activated during oral-buccal movements, Brain Res., 716, 123, 10.1016/0006-8993(96)00006-6

Frechilla, 2001, Serotonin 5-HT(1A) receptor expression is selectively enhanced in the striosomal compartment of chronic parkinsonian monkeys, Synapse, 39, 288, 10.1002/1098-2396(20010315)39:4<288::AID-SYN1011>3.0.CO;2-V

Freund, 1990, Serotonergic control of the hippocampus via local inhibitory interneurons, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 87, 8501, 10.1073/pnas.87.21.8501

Gang, 1993, Differential projections to the raphe nuclei from the medial parabrachial-Kolliker-Fuse (NPBM-KF) nuclear complex and the retrofacial nucleus in cats: retrograde WGA-HRP tracing, J. Auton. Nerv. Syst., 45, 241, 10.1016/0165-1838(93)90056-Z

Gingrich, 2000, The broken mouse: the role of development, plasticity and environment in the interpretation of phenotypic changes in knockout mice, Curr. Opin. Neurobiol., 10, 146, 10.1016/S0959-4388(99)00061-6

Gross, 2002, Serotonin 1A receptor acts during development to establish normal anxiety-like behavior in the adult, Nature, 416, 377, 10.1038/416396a

Halasy, 1992, GABAergic interneurons are the major postsynaptic targets of median raphe afferents in the rat dentate gyrus, Eur. J. Neurosci., 4, 144, 10.1111/j.1460-9568.1992.tb00861.x

Halliday, 1986, Comparative anatomy of the ventromedial mesencephalic tegmentum in the rat, cat, monkey and human, J. Comp. Neurol., 252, 423, 10.1002/cne.902520402

Halliday, 1988, Distribution of monoamine-synthesizing neurons in the human medulla oblongata, J. Comp. Neurol., 273, 301, 10.1002/cne.902730303

Halliday, 1988, Distribution of substance P-like immunoreactive neurons in the human medulla oblongata: co-localization with monoamine-synthesizing neurons, Synapse, 2, 353, 10.1002/syn.890020403

Halliday, 1990, Neuropathology of immunohistochemically identified brainstem neurons in Parkinson’s disease, Ann. Neurol., 27, 373, 10.1002/ana.410270405

Halliday, 1992, Brain stem serotonin-synthesizing neurons in Alzheimer’s disease: a clinicopathological correlation, Acta Neuropathol. (Berl.), 84, 638, 10.1007/BF00227741

Halliday, 1993, Brainstem serotonergic neurons in chronic alcoholics with and without the memory impairment of Korsakoff’s psychosis, J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol., 52, 567, 10.1097/00005072-199311000-00003

Harrison, 1999, The neuropathology of schizophrenia. A critical review of the data and their interpretation, Brain, 122, 593, 10.1093/brain/122.4.593

Hastings, 1997, Central clocking, Trends Neurosci., 20, 459, 10.1016/S0166-2236(97)01087-4

Hermann, 1997, Afferent projections to the rat nuclei raphe magnus, raphe pallidus and reticularis gigantocellularis pars α demonstrated by iontophoretic application of choleratoxin (subunit b), J. Chem. Neuroanat., 13, 1, 10.1016/S0891-0618(97)00019-7

Holtman, 1990, Ultrastructural evidence for serotonin-immunoreactive terminals contacting phrenic motoneurons in the cat, Exp. Neurol., 109, 269, 10.1016/S0014-4886(05)80016-0

Horikawa, 2000, Nonphotic entrainment by 5-HT1a/7 receptor agonists accompanied by reduced Per1 and Per2 mRNA levels in the suprachiasmatic nuclei, J. Neurosci., 20, 5867, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.20-15-05867.2000

Hornung, J.P., 2003. The raphe nuclei. In: Paxinos, G., Mai, J.K. (Eds.), The Human Nervous System. Academic Press, San Diego, in press.

Hornung, 1992, The selective innervation by serotonergic axons of calbindin-containing interneurons in the neocortex and hippocampus of the marmoset, J. Comp. Neurol., 320, 457, 10.1002/cne.903200404

Hornung, J.-P., de Tribolet, N., 1995. Chemical anatomy of the human cerebral cortex. In: Tracey, D., Paxinos, G., Stone, J. (Eds.), Neurotransmitters in the Human Brain, pp. 41–60.

Hornung, 1988, Serotoninergic system in the brainstem of the marmoset: a combined immunocytochemical and three-dimensional reconstruction study, J. Comp. Neurol., 270, 471, 10.1002/cne.902700402

Hornung, 1990, Distribution of two morphologically distinct subsets of serotoninergic axons in the cerebral cortex of the marmoset, J. Comp. Neurol., 297, 165, 10.1002/cne.902970202

Hosogai, 1998, Projection of respiratory neurons in rat medullary raphe nuclei to the phrenic nucleus, Respir. Physiol., 112, 37, 10.1016/S0034-5687(98)00011-5

Hubbard, 1974, Fluorescence histochemistry of monoamine-containing cell bodies in the brainstem of the squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus). III. Serotonin-containing groups, J. Comp. Neurol., 153, 385, 10.1002/cne.901530404

Imai, 1986, The organization of divergent axonal projections from the midbrain raphe nuclei in the rat, J. Comp. Neurol., 243, 363, 10.1002/cne.902430307

Jacobs, 1986, Motor activity and the brain serotonin system, Adv. Neurol., 43, 481

Jacobs, 1997, Serotonin and motor activity, Curr. Opin. Neurobiol., 7, 820, 10.1016/S0959-4388(97)80141-9

Jacobs, 1978, Differential projections of neurons within the dorsal raphe nucleus of the rat: a horseradish peroxidase (HRP) study, Brain Res., 147, 149, 10.1016/0006-8993(78)90779-5

Jakab, 1998, 5-Hydroxytryptamine2A serotonin receptors in the primate cerebral cortex: possible site of action of hallucinogenic and antipsychotic drugs in pyramidal cell apical dendrites, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 95, 735, 10.1073/pnas.95.2.735

Jakab, 2000, Segregation of serotonin 5-HT2a and 5-HT3 receptors in inhibitory circuits of the primate cerebral cortex, J. Comp. Neurol., 417, 337, 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9861(20000214)417:3<337::AID-CNE7>3.0.CO;2-O

Jennes, 1982, Neurotensin: topographical distribution in rat brain by immunohistochemistry, J. Comp. Neurol., 210, 211, 10.1002/cne.902100302

Joh, 1975, Brain tryptophan hydroxylase: purification of production of antibodies to, and cellular and ultrastructural localization of serotonergic neurons in rat midbrain, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 72, 3575, 10.1073/pnas.72.9.3575

Jouvet, 1969, Biogenic amines and the states of sleep, Science, 163, 32, 10.1126/science.163.3862.32

Kalen, 1989, Projections from the medial septum and diagonal band of Broca to the dorsal and central superior raphe nuclei: a non-cholinergic pathway, Exp. Brain Res., 75, 401, 10.1007/BF00247947

Kaneko, 1998, Vagal mechanisms underlying gastric protection induced by chemical activation of raphe pallidus in rats, Am. J. Physiol., 275, G1056

Kazakov, 1993, Sources of cortical, hypothalamic and spinal serotonergic projections: Topical organization within the nucleus raphe dorsalis, Neuroscience, 56, 157, 10.1016/0306-4522(93)90570-6

Kievit, 1975, Subcortical afferents to the frontal lobe in the Rhesus monkey studied by means of retrograde horseradish peroxidase transport, Brain Res., 85, 261, 10.1016/0006-8993(75)90079-7

Klauck, 1997, Serotonin transporter (5-HTT) gene variants associated with autism?, Hum. Mol. Genet., 6, 2233, 10.1093/hmg/6.13.2233

Köhler, 1982, Identification of serotonin and non-serotonin-containing neurons of the mid-brain raphe projecting to the entorhinal area and the hippocampal formation. A combined immunohistochemical and fluorescent retrograde tracing study in the rat brain, Neuroscience, 7, 951, 10.1016/0306-4522(82)90054-9

Koob, 1992, Drugs of abuse: anatomy pharmacology and function of reward pathways, Trends Pharmacol. Sci., 13, 177, 10.1016/0165-6147(92)90060-J

Kosofsky, 1989, Demonstration of two morphologic classes of serotonergic fibers in human cortex, Soc. Neurosci. Abstr., 15, 5

Kosofsky, 1987, The serotoninergic innervation of cerebral cortex: different classes of axon terminals arise from dorsal and median raphe nuclei, Synapse, 1, 153, 10.1002/syn.890010204

Lambe, 2000, Differential postnatal development of catecholamine and serotonin inputs to identified neurons in prefrontal cortex of Rhesus monkey, J. Neurosci., 20, 8780, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.20-23-08780.2000

Lauder, 1993, Neurotransmitters as growth regulatory signals: role of receptors and second messengers, Trends Neurosci., 16, 233, 10.1016/0166-2236(93)90162-F

Lauder, 1978, Serotonin as a differentiation signal in early neurogenesis, Dev. Neurosci., 1, 15, 10.1159/000112549

Laurent, 2002, Activity-dependent presynaptic effect of serotonin 1B receptors on the somatosensory thalamocortical transmission in neonatal mice, J. Neurosci., 22, 886, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.22-03-00886.2002

Leander, 1998, Neuronal projections from the mesencephalic raphe nuclear complex to the suprachiasmatic nucleus and the deep pineal gland of the golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus), J. Comp. Neurol., 399, 73, 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9861(19980914)399:1<73::AID-CNE6>3.0.CO;2-7

Lebrand, 1996, Transient uptake and storage of serotonin in developing thalamic neurons, Neuron, 17, 823, 10.1016/S0896-6273(00)80215-9

Lebrand, 1998, Transient developmental expression of monoamine transporters in the rodent forebrain, J. Comp. Neurol., 401, 506, 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9861(19981130)401:4<506::AID-CNE5>3.0.CO;2-#

Lebrand, C., Gaspar, P., Barabino, B., Nicolas, D., Hornung, J.P., 2001. Transitory serotonin uptake in sensory pathways of the embryonic marmoset monkey. Soc. Neurosci. Abstr., 27.

Leung, 1999, Physiological properties of raphe magnus neurons during sleep and waking, J. Neurophysiol., 81, 584, 10.1152/jn.1999.81.2.584

Li, 1993, The sites of origin of serotoninergic afferent fibers in the trigeminal motor, facial, and hypoglossal nuclei in the rat, Neurosci. Res., 17, 307, 10.1016/0168-0102(93)90114-6

Lidow, 1989, Quantitative autoradiographic mapping of serotonin 5-HT1 and 5-HT2 receptors and uptake sites in the neocortex of the rhesus monkey, J. Comp. Neurol., 280, 27, 10.1002/cne.902800104

Loewy, 1981, Serotonergic projections from the ventral medulla to the intermediolateral cell column in the rat, Brain Res., 211, 146, 10.1016/0006-8993(81)90074-3

Luebke, 1992, Serotonin hyperpolarizes cholinergic low-threshold burst neurons in the rat laterodorsal tegmental nucleus in vitro, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 89, 743, 10.1073/pnas.89.2.743

Mamounas, 1988, Evidence for dual serotonergic projections to neocortex: axons from the dorsal and median raphe nuclei are differentially vulnerable to the neurotoxin p-chloroamphetamine (PCA), Exp. Neurol., 102, 23, 10.1016/0014-4886(88)90075-1

Mamounas, 2000, BDNF promotes the regenerative sprouting, but no survival, of injured serotonergic axons in the adult rat brain, J. Neurosci., 20, 771, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.20-02-00771.2000

Manaker, 1995, Raphespinal and reticulospinal neurons project to the dorsal vagal complex in the rat, Exp. Brain Res., 106, 79, 10.1007/BF00241358

Mann, 1986, Neurotransmitter deficits in Alzheimer’s disease and in other dementing disorders, Hum. Neurobiol., 5, 147

Mann, 1984, Monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems in presenile Alzheimer’s disease and in senile dementia of the Alzheimer type, Clin. Neuropathol., 3, 199

Mason, 1997, Physiological identification of pontomedullary serotonergic neurons in the rat, J. Neurophysiol., 77, 1087, 10.1152/jn.1997.77.3.1087

Mason, 1999, Central mechanisms of pain modulation, Curr. Opin. Neurobiol., 9, 436, 10.1016/S0959-4388(99)80065-8

McCann, 1994, Serotonin neurotoxicity after (+7)-3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA; “ecstasy”): A controlled study in humans, Neuropsychopharmacology, 10, 129, 10.1038/npp.1994.15

McGinty, 1976, Dorsal raphe neurons: deptression of firing during sleep in cats, Brain Res., 101, 569, 10.1016/0006-8993(76)90480-7

Meessen, H., Olszewsky, J., 1949. A Cytoarchitectonic Atlas of the Rhombencephalon of the Rabbit. Karger, Basel, New York.

Meltzer, 1999, The role of serotonin in antipsychotic drug action, Neuropsychopharmacology, 21, 106S, 10.1016/S0893-133X(99)00046-9

Meyer-Bernstein, 1999, Electrical stimulation of the median or dorsal raphe nuclei reduces light-induced FOS protein in the suprachiasmatic nucleus and causes circadian activity rhythm phase shifts, Neuroscience, 92, 267, 10.1016/S0306-4522(98)00733-7

Miettinen, 1992, Convergence and segregation of septal and median raphe inputs onto different subsets of hippocampal inhibitory interneurons, Brain Res., 594, 263, 10.1016/0006-8993(92)91133-Y

Milne, 1990, Behavioural modification of bulbospinal serotonergic inhibition and morphine analgesia, Brain Res., 521, 167, 10.1016/0006-8993(90)91539-S

Mitchell, 1998, The contribution of the rostral ventromedial medulla to the antinociceptive effects of systemic morphine in restrained and unrestrained rats, Neuroscience, 87, 123, 10.1016/S0306-4522(98)00119-5

Morrison, 1982, Noradrenergic and serotonergic fibers innervate complementary layers in monkey primary visual cortex: an immunohistochemical study, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 79, 2401, 10.1073/pnas.79.7.2401

Mulligan, 1987, Serotonergic axons form basket-like terminals in cerebral cortex, Neurosci. Lett., 81, 7, 10.1016/0304-3940(87)90331-4

Mulligan, 1988, Serotonergic innervation of the cat cerebral cortex, J. Comp. Neurol., 270, 86, 10.1002/cne.902700108

Nishi, 2000, Trophic interactions between brain-derived neurotrophic factor and s100beta on cultured serotonergic neurons, Brain Res., 868, 113, 10.1016/S0006-8993(00)02201-0

Nitz, 1997, GABA release in the dorsal raphe nucleus: role in the control of REM sleep, Am. J. Physiol., 273, R451

Nobin, 1973, Topography of the monoamine neuron systems in the human brain as revealed in fetuses, Acta Physiol. Scand., S388, 1

O’Hearn, 1988, Methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA) and methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) cause selective ablation of serotonergic axon terminals in forebrain: immunocytochemical evidence for neurotoxicity, J. Neurosci., 8, 2788, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.08-08-02788.1988

Olszewski, J., Baxter, D., 1954. Cytoarchitecture of the Human Brain Stem. Karger, Basel.

Ovalle, 1995, Immunodetection of serotonin transporter from mouse brain, NeuroReport, 6, 2353, 10.1097/00001756-199511270-00019

Peyron, 1994, GABAergic afferents to the rat dorsal raphe nucleus, Neurosci. Abstr., 20, 291

Peyron, 1998, Forebrain afferents to the rat dorsal raphe nucleus demonstrated by retrograde and anterograde tracing methods, Neuroscience, 82, 443, 10.1016/S0306-4522(97)00268-6

Pickel, 1976, Monoamine-synthesizing enzymes in central dopaminergic, noradrenergic and serotonergic neurons. Immunocytochemical localization by light and electron microscopy, J. Histochem. Cytochem., 24, 792, 10.1177/24.7.8567

Porrino, 1982, Brainstem innervation of prefrontal and anterior cingulate cortex in the rhesus monkey revealed by retrograde transport of HRP, J. Comp. Neurol., 205, 63, 10.1002/cne.902050107

Portas, 1996, Microdialysis perfusion of 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin (8-OH-DPAT) in the dorsal raphe nucleus decreases serotonin release and increases rapid eye movement sleep in the freely moving cat, J. Neurosci., 16, 2820, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.16-08-02820.1996

Poulat, 1992, 5-Hydroxytryptamine, substance P and thyrotropin-releasing hormone synapses in the intermediolateral cell column of the rat thoracic spinal cord, Neurosci. Lett., 136, 19, 10.1016/0304-3940(92)90637-M

Prosser, 1993, Serotonin and the mammalian circadian system. I. In vitro phase shifts by serotonergic agonists and antagonists, J. Biol. Rythms, 8, 1, 10.1177/074873049300800101

Raleigh, 1991, Serotonergic mechanisms promote dominance acquisition in adult male vervet monkeys, Brain Res., 559, 181, 10.1016/0006-8993(91)90001-C

Ramboz, 1998, Serotonin receptor 1A knockout: an animal model of anxiety-related disorder, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 95, 14476, 10.1073/pnas.95.24.14476

Ribeiro-do-Valle, 1997, Serotonergic neurons in the caudal raphe nuclei discharge in association with activity of masticatory muscles, Braz. J. Med. Biol. Res., 30, 79, 10.1590/S0100-879X1997000100013

Ridet, 1993, Evidence for nonsynaptic serotonergic and noradrenergic innervation of the rat dorsal horn and possible involvement of neuron-glia interactions, Neuroscience, 52, 143, 10.1016/0306-4522(93)90189-M

Ridet, 1994, Light and electron microscopic studies of the effects of p-chloroamphetamine on the monoaminergic innervation of the rat spinal cord, J. Comp. Neurol., 343, 281, 10.1002/cne.903430208

Rikard-Bell, 1990, Distribution of substance P-like immunoreactive fibres and terminals in the medulla oblongata of the human infant, Neuroscience, 34, 133, 10.1016/0306-4522(90)90308-Q

Rocha, 1998, Increased vulnerability to cocaine in mice lacking the serotonin-1B receptor, Nature (Lond.), 393, 175, 10.1038/30259

Ropert, 1991, Serotonin facilitates GABAergic transmission in the CA1 region of rat hippocampus in vitro, J. Physiol., 441, 121, 10.1113/jphysiol.1991.sp018742

Rüb et al., 2000. Neuropathol. Appl. Neurobiol. 26, 553–567.

Rudnick, 1992, The molecular mechanism of “ecstasy” [3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)]: serotonin transporters are targets for MDMA-induced serotonin release, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 89, 1817, 10.1073/pnas.89.5.1817

Salichon, 2001, Excessive activation of serotonin (5-HT) 1B receptors disrupts the formation of sensory maps in monoamine oxidase A and 5-HT transporter knock-out mice, J. Neurosci., 21, 884, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.21-03-00884.2001

Schiffmann, 1991, Distribution of cells containing mRNA encoding cholecystokinin in the rat central nervous system, J. Comp. Neurol., 304, 219, 10.1002/cne.903040206

Schoefield, 1982, Distribution of catecholamine and indoleamine neurons in the brain of the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus), J. Anat., 134, 315

Schoefield, 1981, The organization of indoleamine neurons in the brain of the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta), J. Comp. Neurol., 197, 369, 10.1002/cne.901970302

Scruggs, 2000, DOI-induced activation of the cortex: dependence on 5-HT2A heteroceptors on thalamocortical glutamatergic neurons, J. Neurosci., 20, 8846, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.20-23-08846.2000

Sheu, 1994, Glial-derived S100b protein selectively inhibits recombinant β protein kinase C (PKC) phosphorylation of neuron-specific protein F1/GAP43, Mol. Brain Res., 21, 62, 10.1016/0169-328X(94)90378-6

Skagerberg, 1985, Topographic principles in the spinal projections of serotonergic and non-serotonergic brainstem neurons in the rat, Neuroscience, 15, 445, 10.1016/0306-4522(85)90225-8

Smiley, 1996, Serotonergic axons in monkey prefrontal cerebral cortex synapse predominantly on interneurons as demonstrated by serial section electron microscopy, J. Comp. Neurol., 367, 431, 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9861(19960408)367:3<431::AID-CNE8>3.0.CO;2-6

Snowball, 1997, Responses of neurones in the medullary raphe nuclei to inputs from visceral nociceptors and the ventrolateral periaqueductal grey in the rat, Exp. Physiol., 82, 485, 10.1113/expphysiol.1997.sp004041

Steinbusch, 1981, Distribution of serotonin-immunoreactivity in the central nervous system of the rat-cell bodies and terminals, Neuroscience, 6, 557, 10.1016/0306-4522(81)90146-9

Steinbush, 1980, Serotonergic and non-serotonergic projections from the nucleus raphe dorsalis to the caudate–putamen complex in the rat, studied by a combined immunofluorescence and fluorescent retrograde axonal labeling technique, Neurosci. Lett., 19, 137, 10.1016/0304-3940(80)90184-6

Steininger, 1997, Serotonergic dorsal raphe nucleus projections to the cholinergic and noncholinergic neurons of the pedunculopontine tegmental region: a light and electron microscopic anterograde tracing and immunohistochemical study, J. Comp. Neurol., 382, 302, 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9861(19970609)382:3<302::AID-CNE2>3.0.CO;2-7

Stockmeier, 1998, Increase in serotonin-1A autoreceptors in the midbrain of suicide victims with major depression-postmortem evidence for decreased serotonin activity, J. Neurosci., 18, 7394, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.18-18-07394.1998

Sur, 1996, Immunocytochemical detection of the serotonin transporter in rat brain, Neuroscience, 73, 217, 10.1016/0306-4522(96)00030-9

Taber, 1960, The raphe nuclei of the brain stem in the cat. I. Normal topography and cytoarchitecture and general discussion, J. Comp. Neurol., 114, 161, 10.1002/cne.901140205

Takahashi, 1986, Distribution of serotonin-containing bodies in the brainstem of the human fetus determined with immunohistochemistry using antiserotonin serum, Brain Dev., 8, 355, 10.1016/S0387-7604(86)80055-9

Takeuchi, 1983, Immunohistochemical demonstration of serotonin nerve fibers in the neocortex of the monkey (Macaca fuscata), Anat. Embryol., 166, 155, 10.1007/BF00305080

Takeuchi, 1984, Serotonin nerve fibers in the primary visual cortex of the monkey. Quantitative and immunoelectronmicroscopical analysis, Anat. Embryol., 169, 1, 10.1007/BF00300581

Tanaka, 1994, Catecholaminergic input to spinally projecting serotonin neurons in the rostral ventromedial medulla oblongata of the rat, Brain Res. Bull., 35, 23, 10.1016/0361-9230(94)90211-9

Thakkar, 1998, Behavioral state control through differential serotonergic inhibition in the mesopontine cholinergic nuclei: a simultaneous unit recording and microdialysis study, J. Neurosci., 18, 5490, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.18-14-05490.1998

Thompson, 1995, Distribution and origin of serotoninergic afferents to guinea pig cochlear nucleus, J. Comp. Neurol., 351, 104, 10.1002/cne.903510110

Tigges, 1982, Subcortical structures projecting to visual cortical areas in squirrel monkey, J. Comp. Neurol., 209, 29, 10.1002/cne.902090104

Torigoe, 1986, Anatomical studies on the nucleus reticularis tegmenti pontis in the pigmented rat. II. Subcortical afferents demonstrated by the retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase, J. Comp. Neurol., 243, 88, 10.1002/cne.902430108

Törk, I., 1990. Anatomy of the serotonergic system. In: Whitaker-Azmitia, P., Peroutka, S.J. (Eds.), The Neuropharmacology of Serotonin. The New York Academy of Sciences, New York, pp. 1–35.

Törk, I., Hornung, J.P., 1990. Raphe nuclei and serotonin containing systems. In: Paxinos, G. (Ed.), The Human Nervous System. Academic Press, San Diego, pp. 1001–1022.

Törk, 1986, Synaptic connections of serotonergic axons in the molecular layer of the cat’s neocortex, Neurosci. Lett. Suppl., 26, S104

Trottier, 1996, The serotonergic innervation of the cerebral cortex in man and its changes in focal cortical dysplasia, Epilepsy Res., 25, 79, 10.1016/0920-1211(96)00033-2

Tunnicliff, 1991, Molecular basis of buspirone’s anxiolytic action, Pharmacol. Toxicol., 69, 149, 10.1111/j.1600-0773.1991.tb01289.x

Turlejski, 1996, Evolutionary ancient roles of serotonin: long-lasting regulation of activity and development, Acta Neurobiol. Exp., 56, 619, 10.55782/ane-1996-1167

Underwood, 1999, Morphometry of the dorsal raphe nucleus serotonergic neurons in suicide victims, Biol. Psychiatry, 46, 473, 10.1016/S0006-3223(99)00043-8

Upton, 1999, Excess of serotonin (5-HT) alters the segregation of ipsilateral and contralateral retinal projections in monoamine oxidase A knock-out mice: possible role of 5-HT uptake in retinal ganglion cells during development, J. Neurosci., 19, 7007, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.19-16-07007.1999

van der Kooy, 1980, Dorsal raphe cells with collateral projections to the caudate-putamen and substantia nigra: a fluorescent retrograde stud double labeling study in the rat, Brain Res., 186, 1, 10.1016/0006-8993(80)90250-4

van der Kooy, 1979, Fluorescent retrograde double labeling: axonal branching in the ascending raphe and nigral projections, Science, 204, 873, 10.1126/science.441742

Veasey, 1995, Response of serotonergic caudal raphe neurons in relation to specific motor activities in freely moving cats, J. Neurosci., 15, 5346, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.15-07-05346.1995

Verney, 2002, Changing distribution of monoaminergic markers in the developing human cerebral cortex with special emphasis on the serotonin transporter, Anat. Rec., 267, 87, 10.1002/ar.10089

Vertes, 1988, Autoradiographic analysis of ascending projections from the pontine and mesencephalic reticular formation and the median raphe nucleus in the rat, J. Comp. Neurol., 275, 511, 10.1002/cne.902750404

Villar, 1988, Dorsal raphe serotoninergic branching neurons projecting both to the lateral geniculate body and superior colliculus: a combined retrograde tracing-immunohistochemical study in the rat, J. Comp. Neurol., 277, 126, 10.1002/cne.902770109

Wang, 1994, The dorsal raphe: an important nucleus in pain modulation, Brain Res. Bull., 34, 575, 10.1016/0361-9230(94)90143-0

Wang, 1992, GABAergic innervation of serotonergic neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus of the rat studied by electron microscopy double immunostaining, Brain Res. Bull., 29, 943, 10.1016/0361-9230(92)90169-X

Waterhouse, 1986, Topographical distribution of dorsal and median raphe neurons projecting to motor, sensorimotor, and visual cortical areas in the rat, J. Comp. Neurol., 249, 460, 10.1002/cne.902490403

Whitaker-Azmitia, 1990, Stimulation of astroglial 5-HT1A receptors releases the serotonergic growth factor, protein S-100, and alters astroglial morphology, Brain Res., 528, 155, 10.1016/0006-8993(90)90210-3

Wilson, 1991, The organization of serotonergic projections to cerebral cortex in primates: regional distribution of axon terminals, Neuroscience, 44, 537, 10.1016/0306-4522(91)90076-Z

Wilson, 1989, Distinct morphologic classes of serotonergic axons in primates exhibit differential vulnerability to the psychotropic drug 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine, Neuroscience, 28, 121, 10.1016/0306-4522(89)90237-6

Wu, 1993, Organization of the serotonergic innervation of spinal neurons in rats. III. Differential serotonergic innervation of somatic and parasympathetic preganglionic motoneurons as determined by patterns of co-existing peptides, Neuroscience, 55, 223, 10.1016/0306-4522(93)90468-U

Yang, 1994, Cold exposure elevates thyrotropin-releasing hormone gene expression in medullary raphe nuclei: relationship with vagally mediated gastric erosions, Neuroscience, 61, 655, 10.1016/0306-4522(94)90442-1

Zagon, 1993, Innervation of serotonergic medullary raphe neurons from cells of the rostral ventrolateral medulla in rats, Neuroscience, 55, 849, 10.1016/0306-4522(93)90446-M

Zhou, 1996, Serotonin transporter antibodies: production, characterization, and localization in the brain, Mol. Brain Res., 43, 267, 10.1016/S0169-328X(96)00209-4