The genetics of the p53 pathway, apoptosis and cancer therapy

Nature Reviews Drug Discovery - Tập 7 Số 12 - Trang 979-987 - 2008
Alexei Vázquez1, Elisabeth E. Bond2, Arnold J. Levine3, Gareth L. Bond2
1Alexei Vazquez and Arnold J. Levine are at The Institute for Advanced Study, Einstein Drive, Princeton, New Jersey, 08540, USA.,
2Elisabeth E. Bond and Gareth L. Bond are at The Ludwig Institute of Cancer Research, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom.,
3Arnold J. Levine is at The Cancer Institute of New Jersey, 195 Little Albany Street, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08903, USA.,

Tóm tắt

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

Levine, A. J. p53, the cellular gatekeeper for growth and division. Cell 88, 323–331 (1997).

Riley, T., Sontag, E., Chen, P. & Levine, A. Transcriptional control of human p53-regulated genes. Nature Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 9, 402–412 (2008).

Petitjean, A., Achatz, M. I., Borresen-Dale, A. L., Hainaut, P. & Olivier, M. TP53 mutations in human cancers: functional selection and impact on cancer prognosis and outcomes. Oncogene 26, 2157–2165 (2007).

Soussi, T. & Wiman, K. G. Shaping genetic alterations in human cancer: the p53 mutation paradigm. Cancer Cell 12, 303–312 (2007).

Iwakuma, T. & Lozano, G. Crippling p53 activities via knock-in mutations in mouse models. Oncogene 26, 2177–2184 (2007).

Lozano, G. & Zambetti, G. P. What have animal models taught us about the p53 pathway? J. Pathol. 205, 206–220 (2005).

Johnstone, R. W., Ruefli, A. A. & Lowe, S. W. Apoptosis: a link between cancer genetics and chemotherapy. Cell 108, 153–164 (2002).

Yonish-Rouach, E. et al. Wild-type p53 induces apoptosis of myeloid leukaemic cells that is inhibited by interleukin-6. Nature 352, 345–347 (1991).

Meulmeester, E. & Jochemsen, A. G. p53: a guide to apoptosis. Curr. Cancer Drug Targets 8, 87–97 (2008).

Fridman, J. S. & Lowe, S. W. Control of apoptosis by p53. Oncogene 22, 9030–9040 (2003).

Eischen, C. M., Weber, J. D., Roussel, M. F., Sherr, C. J. & Cleveland, J. L. Disruption of the ARF-Mdm2-p53 tumor suppressor pathway in Myc-induced lymphomagenesis. Genes Dev. 13, 2658–2669 (1999).

Schmitt, C. A., McCurrach, M. E., de Stanchina, E., Wallace-Brodeur, R. R. & Lowe, S. W. INK4a/ARF mutations accelerate lymphomagenesis and promote chemoresistance by disabling p53. Genes Dev 13, 2670–2677 (1999).

Schmitt, C. A. et al. Dissecting p53 tumor suppressor functions in vivo. Cancer Cell 1, 289–298 (2002).

Lowe, S. W. et al. p53 status and the efficacy of cancer therapy in vivo. Science 266, 807–810 (1994).

Ventura, A. et al. Restoration of p53 function leads to tumour regression in vivo. Nature 445, 661–665 (2007).

Xue, W. et al. Senescence and tumour clearance is triggered by p53 restoration in murine liver carcinomas. Nature 445, 656–660 (2007).

Senzer, N. et al. p53 therapy in a patient with Li-Fraumeni syndrome. Mol. Cancer Ther. 6, 1478–1482 (2007).

Martins, C. P., Brown-Swigart, L. & Evan, G. I. Modeling the therapeutic efficacy of p53 restoration in tumors. Cell 127, 1323–1334 (2006).

Dey, A., Verma, C. S. & Lane, D. P. Updates on p53: modulation of p53 degradation as a therapeutic approach. Br. J. Cancer 98, 4–8 (2008).

Haupt, S. & Haupt, Y. Importance of p53 for cancer onset and therapy. Anticancer Drugs 17, 725–732 (2006).

Selivanova, G. & Wiman, K. G. Reactivation of mutant p53: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic potential. Oncogene 26, 2243–5224 (2007).

Wang, W. & El-Deiry, W. S. Restoration of p53 to limit tumor growth. Curr. Opin Oncol. 20, 90–96 (2008).

Vousden, K. H. & Lu, X. Live or let die: the cell's response to p53. Nature Rev. Cancer 2, 594–604 (2002).

Snyder, E. L., Meade, B. R., Saenz, C. C. & Dowdy, S. F. Treatment of terminal peritoneal carcinomatosis by a transducible p53-activating peptide. PLoS Biol. 2, E36 (2004).

Bond, G. L., Hu, W. & Levine, A. J. MDM2 is a central node in the p53 pathway: 12 years and counting. Curr. Cancer Drug Targets 5, 3–8 (2005).

Freedman, D. A., Wu, L. & Levine, A. J. Functions of the MDM2 oncoprotein. Cell Mol. Life Sci. 55, 96–107 (1999).

Onel, K. & Cordon-Cardo, C. MDM2 and prognosis. Mol. Cancer Res. 2, 1–8 (2004).

Vassilev, L. T. MDM2 inhibitors for cancer therapy. Trends Mol. Med. 13, 23–31 (2007).

Kussie, P. H. et al. Structure of the MDM2 oncoprotein bound to the p53 tumor suppressor transactivation domain. Science 274, 948–953 (1996).

Vassilev, L. T. et al. In vivo activation of the p53 pathway by small-molecule antagonists of MDM2. Science 303, 844–848 (2004).

Tovar, C. et al. Small-molecule MDM2 antagonists reveal aberrant p53 signaling in cancer: implications for therapy. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 103, 1888–1893 (2006).

Roth, J. A. Adenovirus p53 gene therapy. Expert Opin Biol. Ther. 6, 55–61 (2006).

Peng, Z. Current status of gendicine in China: recombinant human Ad-p53 agent for treatment of cancers. Hum. Gene Ther. 16, 1016–1027 (2005).

Harris, N. et al. Molecular basis for heterogeneity of the human p53 protein. Mol. Cell Biol. 6, 4650–4656 (1986).

Matlashewski, G. J. et al. Primary structure polymorphism at amino acid residue 72 of human p53. Mol. Cell Biol. 7, 961–963 (1987).

Bond, G. L. et al. A single nucleotide polymorphism in the MDM2 promoter attenuates the p53 tumor suppressor pathway and accelerates tumor formation in humans. Cell 119, 591–602 (2004).

Atwal, G. S. et al. Haplotype structure and selection of the MDM2 oncogene in humans. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 104, 4524–4529 (2007).

Bond, G. L. et al. MDM2 SNP309 accelerates tumor formation in a gender-specific and hormone-dependent manner. Cancer Res. 66, 5104–5110 (2006).

Hong, Y. et al. The role of P53 and MDM2 polymorphisms in the risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Res. 65, 9582–9587 (2005).

Beckman, G. et al. Is p53 polymorphism maintained by natural selection? Hum. Hered. 44, 266–270 (1994).

Hu, W., Feng, Z., Atwal, G. S. & Levine, A. J. p53: a new player in reproduction. Cell Cycle 7, 848–852 (2008).

Hu, W., Feng, Z., Teresky, A. K. & Levine, A. J. p53 regulates maternal reproduction through LIF. Nature 450, 721–724 (2007).

Sakamuro, D., Sabbatini, P., White, E. & Prendergast, G. C. The polyproline region of p53 is required to activate apoptosis but not growth arrest. Oncogene 15, 887–898 (1997).

Thomas, M. et al. Two polymorphic variants of wild-type p53 differ biochemically and biologically. Mol. Cell Biol. 19, 1092–1100 (1999).

Sullivan, A. et al. Polymorphism in wild-type p53 modulates response to chemotherapy in vitro and in vivo. Oncogene 23, 3328–3337 (2004).

Bergamaschi, D. et al. iASPP preferentially binds p53 proline-rich region and modulates apoptotic function of codon 72-polymorphic p53. Nature Genet. 38, 1133–1141 (2006).

Dumont, P., Leu, J. I., Della Pietra, A. C., 3rd, George, D. L. & Murphy, M. The codon 72 polymorphic variants of p53 have markedly different apoptotic potential. Nature Genet. 33, 357–365 (2003).

Pim, D. & Banks, L. p53 polymorphic variants at codon 72 exert different effects on cell cycle progression. Int. J. Cancer 108, 196–199 (2004).

Bonafe, M. et al. p53 codon 72 genotype affects apoptosis by cytosine arabinoside in blood leukocytes. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun 299, 539–541 (2002).

Bergamaschi, D. et al. p53 polymorphism influences response in cancer chemotherapy via modulation of p73-dependent apoptosis. Cancer Cell 3, 387–402 (2003).

Vikhanskaya, F., Siddique, M. M., Kei Lee, M., Broggini, M. & Sabapathy, K. Evaluation of the combined effect of p53 codon 72 polymorphism and hotspot mutations in response to anticancer drugs. Clin. Cancer Res. 11, 4348–4356 (2005).

Marin, M. C. et al. A common polymorphism acts as an intragenic modifier of mutant p53 behaviour. Nature Genet. 25, 47–54 (2000).

Arva, N. C. et al. A chromatin-associated and transcriptionally inactive p53-Mdm2 complex occurs in mdm2 SNP309 homozygous cells. J. Biol. Chem. 280, 26776–26787 (2005).

Hu, W. et al. A single nucleotide polymorphism in the MDM2 gene disrupts the oscillation of p53 and MDM2 levels in cells. Cancer Res. 67, 2757–2765 (2007).

Hirata, H. et al. MDM2 SNP309 polymorphism as risk factor for susceptibility and poor prognosis in renal cell carcinoma. Clin. Cancer Res. 13, 4123–4129 (2007).

Gryshchenko, I. et al. MDM2 SNP309 is associated with poor outcome in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. J. Clin. Oncol. 26, 2252–2257 (2008).

Nayak, M. S., Yang, J. M. & Hait, W. N. Effect of a single nucleotide polymorphism in the murine double minute 2 promoter (SNP309) on the sensitivity to topoisomerase II-targeting drugs. Cancer Res. 67, 5831–5839 (2007).

Ohkubo, S., Tanaka, T., Taya, Y., Kitazato, K. & Prives, C. Excess HDM2 impacts cell cycle and apoptosis and has a selective effect on p53-dependent transcription. J. Biol. Chem. 281, 16943–16950 (2006).

Asomaning, K. et al. MDM2 promoter polymorphism and pancreatic cancer risk and prognosis. Clin. Cancer Res. 14, 4010–4015 (2008).

Cattelani, S. et al. Impact of a single nucleotide polymorphism in the MDM2 gene on neuroblastoma development and aggressiveness: results of a pilot study on 239 patients. Clin. Cancer Res. 14, 3248–3253 (2008).

Heist, R. S. et al. MDM2 polymorphism, survival, and histology in early-stage non-small-cell lung cancer. J. Clin. Oncol. 25, 2243–2247 (2007).

Ohmiya, N. et al. MDM2 promoter polymorphism is associated with both an increased susceptibility to gastric carcinoma and poor prognosis. J. Clin. Oncol. 24, 4434–4440 (2006).

Tu, H. F. et al. MDM2 SNP 309 and p53 codon 72 polymorphisms are associated with the outcome of oral carcinoma patients receiving postoperative irradiation. Radiother. Oncol. 87, 243–252 (2008).

Han, J. Y., Lee, G. K., Jang, D. H., Lee, S. Y. & Lee, J. S. Association of p53 codon 72 polymorphism and MDM2 SNP309 with clinical outcome of advanced non small cell lung cancer. Cancer 113, 799–807 (2008).

Seyfried, I., Hofbauer, S., Stoecher, M., Greil, R. & Tinhofer, I. SNP309 as predictor for sensitivity of CLL cells to the MDM2 inhibitor nutlin-3a. Blood 112, 2168; author reply 2169 (2008).

Shoemaker, R. H. The NCI60 human tumour cell line anticancer drug screen. Nature Rev. Cancer 6, 813–823 (2006).

Garraway, L. A. et al. Integrative genomic analyses identify MITF as a lineage survival oncogene amplified in malignant melanoma. Nature 436, 117–122 (2005).

Ikediobi, O. N. et al. Mutation analysis of 24 known cancer genes in the NCI-60 cell line set. Mol. Cancer Ther. 5, 2606–2612 (2006).

O'Connor, P. M. et al. Characterization of the p53 tumor suppressor pathway in cell lines of the National Cancer Institute anticancer drug screen and correlations with the growth-inhibitory potency of 123 anticancer agents. Cancer Res. 57, 4285–4300 (1997).

Olivier, M. et al. The clinical value of somatic TP53 gene mutations in 1,794 patients with breast cancer. Clin. Cancer Res. 12, 1157–1167 (2006).

Kahyo, T., Nishida, T. & Yasuda, H. Involvement of PIAS1 in the sumoylation of tumor suppressor p53. Mol. Cell 8, 713–718 (2001).

Okubo, S. et al. NMR structure of the N-terminal domain of SUMO ligase PIAS1 and its interaction with tumor suppressor p53 and A/T-rich DNA oligomers. J. Biol. Chem. 279, 31455–31461 (2004).

Stavridi, E. S., Chehab, N. H., Malikzay, A. & Halazonetis, T. D. Substitutions that compromise the ionizing radiation-induced association of p53 with 14-3-3 proteins also compromise the ability of p53 to induce cell cycle arrest. Cancer Res. 61, 7030–7033 (2001).

Megidish, T., Xu, J. H. & Xu, C. W. Activation of p53 by protein inhibitor of activated Stat1 (PIAS1). J. Biol. Chem. 277, 8255–8259 (2002).

Schmidt, D. & Muller, S. Members of the PIAS family act as SUMO ligases for c-Jun and p53 and repress p53 activity. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 99, 2872–2877 (2002).

Waterman, M. J., Stavridi, E. S., Waterman, J. L. & Halazonetis, T. D. ATM-dependent activation of p53 involves dephosphorylation and association with 14-3-3 proteins. Nature Genet. 19, 175–178 (1998).

Dohoney, K. M. et al. Phosphorylation of p53 at serine 37 is important for transcriptional activity and regulation in response to DNA damage. Oncogene 23, 49–57 (2004).

Kimura, S. H. & Nojima, H. Cyclin G1 associates with MDM2 and regulates accumulation and degradation of p53 protein. Genes Cells 7, 869–880 (2002).

Li, H. H., Cai, X., Shouse, G. P., Piluso, L. G. & Liu, X. A specific PP2A regulatory subunit, B56gamma, mediates DNA damage-induced dephosphorylation of p53 at Thr55. Embo J. 26, 402–411 (2007).

Moule, M. G., Collins, C. H., McCormick, F. & Fried, M. Role for PP2A in ARF signaling to p53. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 101, 14063–14066 (2004).

Okamoto, K. et al. Cyclin G recruits PP2A to dephosphorylate Mdm2. Mol. Cell 9, 761–771 (2002).

Feng, Z. et al. The regulation of AMPK beta1, TSC2, and PTEN expression by p53: stress, cell and tissue specificity, and the role of these gene products in modulating the IGF-1-AKT-mTOR pathways. Cancer Res. 67, 3043–3053 (2007).

Jones, R. G. et al. AMP-activated protein kinase induces a p53-dependent metabolic checkpoint. Mol Cell 18, 283–293 (2005).

Welch, W. J. Construction of permutation tests. J. Am. Stat. Assoc. 85, 693–698 (1990).