The functionally-related signatures characterizing the endostructural organisation of the femoral shaft in modern humans and chimpanzee

Aiello, 1990 Amtmann, 1971 Bayle, 2011, Three-dimensional imaging and quantitative characterization of human fossil remains. Examples from the NESPOS database, 29 Bondioli, 2010, Technical note: morphometric maps of long bone shafts and dental roots for imaging topographic thickness variation, Am. J. Phys. Anthropol., 142, 328 Carlson, 2005, Investigating the form-function interface in African apes: relationships between principal moments of area and positional behaviors in femoral and humeral diaphyses, Am. J. Phys. Anthropol., 127, 312, 10.1002/ajpa.20124 Carlson, 2006, Muscle architecture of the common chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes): perspectives for investigating chimpanzee behavior, Primates, 47, 218, 10.1007/s10329-005-0166-4 Carlson, 2006, Locomotor behavior and long bone morphology in individual free-ranging chimpanzees, J. Hum. Evol., 50, 394, 10.1016/j.jhevol.2005.10.004 Carlson, 2008, Role of nonbehavioral factors in adjusting long bone diaphyseal structure in free-ranging Pan troglodytes, Int. J. Prim., 29, 1401, 10.1007/s10764-008-9297-y Carter, 2007 Coleman, 2007, Technical note: CT thresholding protocols for taking measurements on three-dimensional models, Am. J. Phys. Anthropol., 133, 723, 10.1002/ajpa.20583 Cristofolini, 1996, Mechanical validation of whole bone composite femur models, J. Biomech., 29, 525, 10.1016/0021-9290(95)00084-4 Currey, 2002 D’Août, 2004, Locomotion in bonobos (Pan paniscus): differences and similarities between bipedal and quadrupedal terrestrial walking, and a comparison with other locomotor modes, J. Anat., 204, 353, 10.1111/j.0021-8782.2004.00292.x De Groote, 2010, Technical note: a new method for measuring long bone curvature using 3D landmarks and semi-landmarks, Am. J. Phys. Anthropol., 141, 658 Doran, 1993, Comparative locomotor behavior of chimpanzees and bonobos: the influence of morphology on locomotion, Am. J. Phys. Anthropol., 91, 83, 10.1002/ajpa.1330910106 Doran, 1997, Ontogeny of locomotion in mountain gorillas and chimpanzees, J. Hum. Evol., 32, 323, 10.1006/jhev.1996.0095 Fajardo, 2002, Assessing the accuracy of high-resolution X-ray computed tomography of primate trabecular bone by comparisons with histological sections, Am. J. Phys. Anthropol., 118, 1, 10.1002/ajpa.10086 Fleagle, 1999 Galik, 2004, External and internal morphology of the BAR 1002’00 Orrorin tugenensis femur, Science, 305, 1450, 10.1126/science.1098807 Gibbs, 2002, Soft-tissue anatomy of the extant hominoids: a review and phylogenetic analysis, J. Anat., 200, 3, 10.1046/j.0021-8782.2001.00001.x Green, 2012, Australopithecus afarensis scapular ontogeny, function, and the role of climbing in human evolution, Science, 338, 514, 10.1126/science.1227123 Henke, 2007 Jensvold, 2001, Effect of enclosure size and complexity on the behaviors of captive chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), J. Appl. Anim. Welf. Sci., 4, 53, 10.1207/S15327604JAWS0401_3 Kimura, 2002, Primate limb bones and locomotor types in arboreal or terrestrial environments, Z. Morph. Anthrop., 83, 201 Kivell, 2009, Independent evolution of knuckle-walking in African apes shows that humans did not evolve from a knuckle-walking ancestor, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 106, 14241, 10.1073/pnas.0901280106 Larson, 2008, Hip extensor EMG and forelimb/hind limb weight support asymmetry in primate quadrupeds, Am. J. Phys. Anthropol., 138, 343, 10.1002/ajpa.20935 Lieberman, 2004, Predicting long bone loading from cross-sectional geometry, Am. J. Phys. Anthropol., 123, 156, 10.1002/ajpa.10316 Lovejoy, 2005, The natural history of human gait and posture. Part 2. Hip and thigh, Gait Post., 21, 113, 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2004.06.010 Lovejoy, 1999, Morphological analysis of the mammalian postcranium: a developmental perspective, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 96, 13247, 10.1073/pnas.96.23.13247 Lovejoy, 2002, The Maka femur and its bearing on the antiquity of human walking: applying contemporary concepts of morphogenesis to the human fossil record, Am. J. Phys. Anthropol., 119, 97, 10.1002/ajpa.10111 Lovejoy, 2009, The pelvis and femur of Ardipithecus ramidus: the emergence of upright walking, Science, 326, 71e1, 10.1126/science.1175831 Marchi, 2005, The cross-sectional geometry of the hand and foot bones of the Hominoidea and its relationship to locomotor behavior, J. Hum. Evol., 53, 647, 10.1016/j.jhevol.2007.05.007 Marchi, 2007, Relative strength of the tibia and fibula and locomotor behavior in hominoids, J. Hum. Evol., 49, 743, 10.1016/j.jhevol.2005.08.002 Matsumura, 2002, Cross-sectional geometric properties along the diaphysis of femur and humerus in chimpanzees and humans, Zeit. Morph. Anthropol., 83, 373 Matsumura, 2010, Cross-sectional morphology of the femoral neck of wild chimpanzees, Int. J. Prim., 31, 219, 10.1007/s10764-010-9403-9 Mazurier, 2010, The inner structural variation of the primate tibial plateau characterized by high-resolution microtomography. Implications for the reconstruction of fossil locomotor behaviours, C. R. Palevol, 9, 349, 10.1016/j.crpv.2010.07.020 Morimoto, 2011, Exploring femoral diaphyseal shape variation in wild and captive chimpanzees by means of morphometric mapping: A test of Wolff's law, Anat. Rec., 294, 589, 10.1002/ar.21346 Morimoto, 2011, Femoral morphology and femoropelvic musculoskeletal anatomy of humans and great apes: A comparative virtopsy study, Anat. Rec., 294, 1433, 10.1002/ar.21424 Morimoto, 2012, Shared human-chimpanzee pattern of perinatal femoral shaft morphology and its implications for the evolution of hominin locomotor adaptations, Plos One, 7, e41980, 10.1371/journal.pone.0041980 Ohman, 1997, Cortical bone distribution in the femoral neck of Hominoids: Implications for the locomotion of Australopithecus afarensis, Am. J. Phys. Anthropol., 104, 117, 10.1002/(SICI)1096-8644(199709)104:1<117::AID-AJPA8>3.0.CO;2-O Pearson, 2004, The aging of Wolff's “law”: ontogeny and responses to mechanical loading in cortical bone, Yearb. Phys. Anthrop., 7, 63, 10.1002/ajpa.20155 Pickford, 2002, Bipedalism in Orrorin tugenensis revealed by its femora, C. R. Palevol, 1, 191, 10.1016/S1631-0683(02)00028-3 Puymerail, L., 2011. Caractérisation de l’Endostructure et des Propriétés Biomécaniques de la Diaphyse Fémorale : la Signature de la Bipédie et la Reconstruction des Paléo-Répertoires Posturaux et Locomoteurs des Homininés. PhD dissertation. Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris, 513 p. Puymerail, 2012, Structural analysis of the Kresna 11 Homo erectus femoral shaft (Sangiran Java), J. Hum. Evol., 63, 741, 10.1016/j.jhevol.2012.08.003 Puymerail, 2012, A Neanderthal partial femoral diaphysis from the “grotte de la Tour”, La Chaise-de-Vouthon (Charente France): Outer morphology and endostructural organization, C. R. Palevol, 11, 581, 10.1016/j.crpv.2012.07.001 Puymerail, 2012, Functionally-related morphometric maps of femoral cortical bone topographic variation: Homo vs Pan, Am. J. Phys. Anthropol., 147, 241 Raichlen, 2009, Understanding hind limb weight support in chimpanzees with implications for the evolution of primate locomotion, Am. J. Phys. Anthropol., 138, 395, 10.1002/ajpa.20952 Rasband, 2010 Richmond, 2008, Orrorin tugenensis femoral morphology and the evolution of hominin bipedalism, Science, 319, 1662, 10.1126/science.1154197 Ruff, 1995, Biomechanics of the hip and birth in early Homo, Am. J. Phys. Anthropol., 98, 527, 10.1002/ajpa.1330980412 Ruff, 2002, Long bone articular and diaphyseal structure in Old World monkeys and apes I: locomotor effects, Am. J. Phys. Anthropol., 119, 305, 10.1002/ajpa.10117 Ruff, 2003, Ontogenetic adaptation to bipedalism: age changes in femoral to humeral length and strength proportions in humans, with a comparison to baboons, J. Hum. Evol., 45, 317, 10.1016/j.jhevol.2003.08.006 Ruff, 2008, Biomechanical analyses of archaeological human skeletal samples, 183 Ruff, 1983, Cross-sectional geometry of Pecos Pueblo femora and tibiae – a biomechanical investigation: I. Method and general patterns of variation, Am. J. Phys. Anthropol., 60, 359, 10.1002/ajpa.1330600308 Ruff, 1986, Use of computed tomography in skeletal structure research, Yearb. Phys. Anthropol., 29, 181, 10.1002/ajpa.1330290508 Ruff, 1992, Primate limb bone structural adaptations, Ann. Rev. Anthropol., 21, 407, 10.1146/annurev.an.21.100192.002203 Ruff, 1993, Postcranial robusticity in Homo I: Temporal trends and mechanical interpretation, Am. J. Phys. Anthropol., 91, 21, 10.1002/ajpa.1330910103 Ruff, 2006, Who's afraid of the big bad Wolff?: “Wolff's Law”’ and bone functional adaptation, Am. J. Phys. Anthropol., 129, 484, 10.1002/ajpa.20371 Seeman, 2008, Modelling and remodelling the cellular machinery responsible for the gain and loss of bone's material and structural strength, 3 Schmitt, 2003, Mediolateral reaction forces and forelimb anatomy in quadrupedal primates: implications for interpreting locomotor behavior in fossil primates, J. Hum. Evol., 44, 47, 10.1016/S0047-2484(02)00165-3 Shaw, 2011, The influence of body proportions on femoral and tibial midshaft shape in hunter-gatherers, Am. J. Phys. Anthropol., 144, 22, 10.1002/ajpa.21363 Shaw, 2012, Does skeletal anatomy reflect adaptation to locomotor patterns? Cortical and trabecular architecture in human and nonhuman anthropoids, Am. J. Phys. Anthropol., 147, 187, 10.1002/ajpa.21635 Sigmon, 1974, A functional analysis of pongid hip and thigh musculature, J. Hum. Evol., 3, 161, 10.1016/0047-2484(74)90197-3 Sládek, 2006, Mobility in central european Late Eneolitic and Early Bronze Age: femoral cross-sectional geometry, Am. J. Phys. Anthropol., 130, 320, 10.1002/ajpa.20372 Spoor, 1993, Linear measurements of cortical bone and dental enamel by computed tomography: applications and problems, Am. J. Phys. Anthropol., 91, 469, 10.1002/ajpa.1330910405 Stern, 1981, Electromyography of the gluteal muscles in Hylobates Pongo, and Pan: implications for the evolution of hominid bipedality, Am. J. Phys. Anthropol., 55, 153, 10.1002/ajpa.1330550203 Stock, 2007, Which measures of diaphyseal robusticity are robust? A comparison of external methods of quantifying the strength of long bone diaphyses to cross-sectional geometric properties, Am. J. Phys. Anthropol., 134, 412, 10.1002/ajpa.20686 Swindler, 1973 Thorpe, 2009, Dimensions and moment arms of the hind- and forelimb muscles of common chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), Am. J. Phys. Anthropol., 110, 179, 10.1002/(SICI)1096-8644(199910)110:2<179::AID-AJPA5>3.0.CO;2-Z Trinkaus, 2012, Femoral and tibial diaphyseal cross-sectional geometry in Pleistocene Homo, Paleoanthropology, 13 Videan, 2001, Are bonobos (Pan paniscus) really more bipedal than chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)?, Am. J. Prim., 54, 233, 10.1002/ajp.1033 Videan, 2002, Bipedality in chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) and bonobo (Pan paniscus): testing hypotheses on the evolution of bipedalism, Am. J. Phys. Anthropol., 118, 184, 10.1002/ajpa.10058 Wallace, 2010, Functional significance of genetic variation underlying limb bone diaphyseal structure, Am. J. Phys. Anthropol., 143, 21, 10.1002/ajpa.21286 White, 2009, Ardipithecus ramidus and the paleobiology of early hominids, Science, 326, 64, 10.1126/science.1175802 Wood, 2006 Wood, 2010, The evolutionary context of the first hominins, Nature, 470, 347, 10.1038/nature09709 Yoo, 2004 Zebaze, 2005, Femoral neck shape and the spatial distribution of its mineral mass varies with its size: clinical and biomechanical implications, Bone, 37, 234, 10.1016/j.bone.2005.03.019 Zebaze, 2007, Construction of the femoral neck during growth determines its strength in old age, J. Bone Min. Res., 22, 1055, 10.1359/jbmr.070329 Zollikofer, 2001, Computer-assisted morphometry of hominoid fossil: the role of morphometric maps, 50 Zollikofer, 2005