The fate of residual treatment water in gas shale
Tài liệu tham khảo
Al-Bazali, T.M., Zhang, J., Chenevert, M.E., Sharma, M.M., 2009. In: An Experimental Investigation on the Impact of Capillary Pressure Diffusion Osmosis and Chemical Osmosis on the Stability and Reservoir Hydrocarbon Capacity of Shales: Offshore Europe.
Baldassare, F., 2011, The origin of some natural gases in Permian through Devonian Age Systems in the Appalachian Basin & The Relationship to Incidents of Stray Gas Migration: EPA Technical Workshops for Hydraulic Fracturing Study, Chemical & Analytical Methods (February 24).
Blakey, R.C., 2013, Paleogeography and Geologic Evolution of North America. <http://www2.nau.edu/rcb7/nam.html>.
Blauch, M., Myers, R., Moore, T., Lipinski, B., Houston, N., 2009. Marcellus shale post-frac flowback waters-where is all the salt coming from and what are the implications?. In: Proceedings SPE Eastern Regional Meeting, SPE 1257402009.
Bohacs, K., Passey, Q., Rudnicki, M., Esch, W., Lazar, O., 2013. The spectrum of fine-grained reservoirs from ‘Shale Gas’ to ‘Shale Oil’/tight liquids: essential attributes, key controls, practical characterization. In: Proceedings IPTC 2013: International Petroleum Technology Conference 2013.
Brace, 1980, Permeability of crystalline and argillaceous rocks, Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci., 17, 241, 10.1016/0148-9062(80)90807-4
Bryndzia, L.T., 2012. Origin of high salinities in hydraulic fracture flow back fluids-an example from the haynesville shale gas play, USA. In: Proceedings 3rd EAGE Shale Workshop-Shale Physics and Shale, Chemistry 2012.
Burke, 1982, Variation of seawater 87Sr/86Sr throughout Phanerozoic time, Geology, 10, 516, 10.1130/0091-7613(1982)10<516:VOSSTP>2.0.CO;2
Cathles, L., 2001. Capillary seals as a cause of pressure compartmentation in sedimentary basins. In: Proceedings Petroleum Systems of Deep-Water Basins: Global and Gulf of Mexico Experience: Proceedings of the Gulf Coast Section Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists Foundation, 21st Annual Bob F. Perkins Research Conference 2001, pp. 561–572.
Cathles, 2007, Changes in sub-water table fluid flow at the end of the Proterozoic and its implications for gas pulsars and MVT lead–zinc deposits, Geofluids, 7, 209, 10.1111/j.1468-8123.2007.00176.x
Chapman, 2012, Geochemical and strontium isotope characterization of produced waters from Marcellus shale natural gas extraction, Environ. Sci. Technol., 46, 3545, 10.1021/es204005g
Cheng, 2012, Impact of water dynamics in fractures on the performance of hydraulically fractured wells in gas-shale reservoirs, J. Can. Pet. Technol., 51, 143, 10.2118/127863-PA
Davis, D.M., Engelder, T., 1985. The role of salt in fold-and-thrust belts. In: Carter, N.L., Uyeda, S. (Eds.), Tectonophysics, vol. 119, pp. 67–88.
Dresel, P.E., Rose, A.W., 2010. Chemistry and Origin of Oil and Gas Well Brines in Western Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania Geological Survey: Open-File Oil and Gas Report, pp. 10-01.10.
Economides, 2007
Engelder, 1987
Engelder, 2012, Capillary tension and imbibition sequester frack fluid in Marcellus gas shale, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 109, E3625, 10.1073/pnas.1216133110
Engelder, 1980, On the use of regional joint sets as trajectories of paleostress fields during the development of the Appalachian Plateau New York, J. Geophys. Res., 85, 6319, 10.1029/JB085iB11p06319
Engelder, 1990
Engelder, 1985, Correlation between abnormal pore pressure and tectonic jointing in the Devonian Catskill Delta, Geology, 13, 863, 10.1130/0091-7613(1985)13<863:CBAPPA>2.0.CO;2
Engelder, 2006, Early jointing in coal and black shale: evidence for an Appalachian-wide stress field as a prelude to the Alleghanian orogeny, Geology, 34, 581, 10.1130/G22367.1
Engelder, 2009, Joint sets that enhance production from middle and upper devonian gas shales of the Appalachian Basin, AAPG Bulletin, 93, 857, 10.1306/03230908032
Engelder, T., Slingerland, R., Arthur, M., Lash, G., Kohl, D., Gold, D., 2011. An introduction to structures and stratigraphy in the proximal portion of the Middle Devonian Marcellus and Burket/Geneseo black shales in the Central Appalachian Valley and Ridge: GSA Field Guides, vol. 20, pp. 17–44.
Evans, 1995, Fluid inclusions in veins from the middle Devonian shales; a record of deformation conditions and fluid evolution in the Appalachian Plateau, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 107, 327, 10.1130/0016-7606(1995)107<0327:FIIVFT>2.3.CO;2
Evans, 2012, Changing fluid conditions during folding: an example from the central Appalachians, Tectonophysics, 576, 99, 10.1016/j.tecto.2012.03.002
Freeze, 1979
Fritz, 1983, Experimental support for a predictive osmotic model of clay membranes, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 47, 1515, 10.1016/0016-7037(83)90310-1
Garavito, 2006, Numerical modeling of a long-term in situ chemical osmosis experiment in the Pierre Shale South Dakota, Adv. Water Res., 29, 481, 10.1016/j.advwatres.2005.06.004
Gold, 1999, Lineaments and their interregional relationships, 307
Gregory, 2011, Water management challenges associated with the production of shale gas by hydraulic fracturing, Elements, 7, 181, 10.2113/gselements.7.3.181
Haluszczak, 2013, Geochemical evaluation of flowback brine from Marcellus gas wells in Pennsylvania, USA, Appl. Geochem., 28, 55, 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2012.10.002
Handy, 1960, Determination of effective capillary pressures for porous media from imbibition data, Trans. AIME, 219, 75, 10.2118/1361-G
Holditch, 1979, Factors affecting water blocking and gas flow from hydraulically fractured gas wells, J. Petrol. Technol., 31, 1515, 10.2118/7561-PA
Howarth, 2011, Natural gas: should fracking stop?, Nature, 477, 271, 10.1038/477271a
Hu, 2001, Laboratory measurement of water imbibition into low-permeability welded tuff, J. Hydrol., 242, 64, 10.1016/S0022-1694(00)00388-7
Hubbert, 1940, The theory of groundwater motion, J. Geol., 48, 785, 10.1086/624930
Hubbert, 1957, Darcy’s law and the field equations of the flow of underground fluids, Hydrol. Sci. J., 2, 23
Jackson, 2013, Increased stray gas abundance in a subset of drinking water wells near Marcellus shale gas extraction, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 110, 11250, 10.1073/pnas.1221635110
Jacobi, 2002, Basement faults and seismicity in the Appalachian Basin of New York State, Tectonophysics, 353, 75, 10.1016/S0040-1951(02)00278-0
Kappel, W.M., Nystrom, E.A., 2012. Dissolved Methane in New York Groundwater, 1999–2011: US Geological Survey Open-File, Report, vol. 1162, No. 6.
Kewen, L., Kevin, C., Horne, R., 2002. Effect of initial water saturation on spontaneous water imbibition. In: Proceedings SPE 76727, SPE Western Regional/AAPG Pacific Section Joint Meeting, p. 7.
Kohl, 2013, Sequence stratigraphy and depositional environments of the Shamokin (Union Springs) Mbr., Marcellus Fm. and associated strata in the middle Appalachian Basin, Am. Assoc. Pet. Geol. Bull., 97
Lacazette, 1992, Fluid-driven cyclic propagation of a joint in the Ithaca siltstone, Appalachian Basin, New York, 297
Lash, 2006, Top seal development in the shale-dominated upper devonian catskill delta complex, western New York state, Mar. Pet. Geol., 23, 317, 10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2006.02.001
Lash, 2007, Origin of early overpressure in the upper devonian catskill delta complex, western New York state, Basin Res., 19, 51, 10.1111/j.1365-2117.2007.00318.x
Lash, 2005, An analysis of horizontal microcracking during catagenesis: example from the catskill delta complex, Am. Assoc. Pet. Geol. Bull., 89, 1433
Lash, 2011, Thickness trends and sequence stratigraphy of the middle Devonian Marcellus formation, Appalachian Basin: implications for Acadian foreland basin evolution, Am. Assoc. Pet. Geol. Bull., 95, 61
Li, 2004, An analytical scaling method for spontaneous imbibition in gas/water/rock systems, SPE J., 9, 322, 10.2118/88996-PA
Li, 2006, Influence of initial water saturation on recovery by spontaneous imbibition in gas/water/rock systems and the calculation of relative permeability, SPE Reservoir Eval. Eng., 9, 295, 10.2118/99329-PA
Loucks, 2009, Morphology, genesis, and distribution of nanometer-scale pores in siliceous mudstones of the Mississippian Barnett Shale, J. Sediment. Res., 79, 848, 10.2110/jsr.2009.092
Lovering, T.S., 1935, Geology and Ore Deposits of the Montezuma Quadrangle, Colorado, USGS Prof. Paper 178, US Govt. Print. Off., p. 119.
Magara, 1974, Compaction, ion filtration, and osmosis in shale and their significance in primary migration, Am. Assoc. Pet. Geol. Bull., 58, 283
Makhanov, K., Dehghanpour, H., Kuru, E., 2012. An experimental study of spontaneous imbibition in horn river shales In: Proceedings SPE Canadian Unconventional Resources Conference, 30 October-1 November 2012, Calgary, Alberta, Canada, SPE-162650, p. 14.
Miller, 1995, New Insights on natural hydraulic fractures induced by abnormal high pore pressure, Am. Assoc. Pet. Geol. Bull., 79, 1005
Molofsky, 2013, Evaluation of methane sources in groundwater in Northeastern Pennsylvania, Ground Water, 51, 249, 10.1111/gwat.12056
Moore, 1986, High-temperature permeability and groundwater chemistry of some Nevada test site tuffs, J. Geophys. Res., 91, 2163, 10.1029/JB091iB02p02163
Morrow, 2001, Recovery of oil by spontaneous imbibition, Curr. Opin. Colloid Interface Sci., 6, 321, 10.1016/S1359-0294(01)00100-5
Myers, 2012, Potential contaminant pathways from hydraulically fractured shale to aquifers, Ground Water, 50, 872, 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2012.00933.x
Oliver, 1986, Fluids expelled tectonically from orogenic belts: their role in hydrocarbon migration and other geologic phenomena, Geology, 14, 99, 10.1130/0091-7613(1986)14<99:FETFOB>2.0.CO;2
Osborn, 2012, Iodine-129, 87Sr/86Sr, and trace elemental geochemistry of northern Appalachian Basin brines: evidence for basinal-scale fluid migration and clay mineral diagenesis, Am. J. Sci., 312, 263, 10.2475/03.2012.01
Osborne, 1997, Mechanisms for generating overpressure in sedimentary basins: a reevaluation, Am. Assoc. Pet. Geol. Bull., 81, 1023
Pagels, M., Willberg, D., Edelman, E., 2011. Chemo-Mechanical Effects of Induced Fluid Invasion into Ultralow Permeability Rocks: AGU Fall Meeting 2011, San Francisco, Poster H21B-1091.
Pagels, M., Hinkel, J., Willberg, D., 2012. Moving Beyond the Capillary Suction Time Test, SPE International Symposium and Exhibition on Formation Damage, Control, SPE-151832-MS.
Passey, Q., Bohacs, K., Esch, W., Klimentidis, R., Sinha, S., 2010. From oil-prone source rock to gas-producing shale reservoir-geologic and petrophysical characterization of unconventional shale gas reservoirs. In: SPE – 131350 International Oil and Gas Conference and Exhibition in China.
Roberts, 1997, Electrical properties of partially saturated Topopah Spring tuff: water distribution as a function of saturation, Water Resour. Res., 33, 577, 10.1029/96WR03905
Roychaudhuri, B., Tsotsis, T., Jessen, K., 2011. An experimental and numerical investigation of spontaneous imbibition in gas shales. In: Proceedings SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, 30 October-2 November 2011, Denver, Colorado, USA, SPE-147652, p. 11.
Saiers, 2012, Potential contaminant pathways from hydraulically fractured shale aquifers, Ground Water, 50, 826, 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2012.00990.x
Savalli, 2005, Mechanisms controlling rupture shape during subcritical growth of joints in layered rocks, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 117, 436, 10.1130/B25368.1
Scanlin, 2003, The basement versus the no-basement hypotheses for folding within the Appalachian Plateau detachment sheet, Am. J. Sci., 303, 519, 10.2475/ajs.303.6.519
Schlemmer, R., Friedheim, J., Growcock, F., Bloys, J., Headley, J., Polnaszek, S., 2002. Membrane efficiency in shale-an empirical evaluation of drilling fluid chemistries and implications for fluid design. In: Proceedings IADC/SPE Drilling Conference 2002, Society of Petroleum Engineers.
Schlemmer, R., Friedheim, J.E., Growcock, F.B., Bloys, J.B., Headley, J.A., Polnazsek, S.C., 2003. Chemical osmosis, shale, and drilling fluids. SPE 86912. SPE 2003 Drilling and Completions Conference.
Shosa, 2001
Simpson, J., Dearing, H., 2000. Diffusion osmosis – an unrecognized cause of shale instability. In: Proceedings IADC/SPE Drilling Conference 2000, Society of Petroleum Engineers.
Simpson, J., Walker, T., Aslakson, J., 1998. Studies dispel myths, give guidance on formulation of drilling fluids for shale stability. In: Proceedings IADC/SPE drilling conference 1998, pp. 731–742.
Sinha, S., Braun, E.M., Passey, Q.R., Leonardi, S.A., Wood III, A.C., Zirkle, T.E., Kudva, R.A., 2013. Capillary-Based Calibration Standards For Measurement of Permeability, US Patent 20,130,152,671.
Soeder, 1988, Porosity and permeability of eastern Devonian gas shale, SPE Formation Evaluation, 3, 116, 10.2118/15213-PA
Spencer, 1989, Review of characteristics of low-permeability gas reservoirs in western United States, Am. Assoc. Pet. Geol. Bull., 73, 613
Stephens, 1996
Striolo, A., Klaessig, F., Cole, D.R., Wilcox, J., Chase, G.G., Sondergeld, C.H., Pasquali, M., 2012. Identification of Fundamental Interfacial and Transport Phenomena for the Sustainable Deployment of Hydraulic Shale Fracturing − Role of Chemicals Used: Workshop Report, NSF Grant Number CBET-1229931. September 2012.
Tavassoli, 2005, Analysis of counter-current imbibition with gravity in weakly water-wet systems, J. Petrol. Sci. Eng., 48, 94, 10.1016/j.petrol.2005.04.003
Torsch, 2012
Tóth, 1962, A theory of groundwater motion in small drainage basins in central Alberta, Canada, J. Geophys. Res., 67, 4375, 10.1029/JZ067i011p04375
Van Oort, 1996, Transport in shales and the design of improved water-based shale drilling fluids, SPE Drill. Completion, 11, 137, 10.2118/28309-PA
Vavra, 1992, Geological applications of capillary pressure: a review, Am. Assoc. Pet. Geol. Bull., 76, 840
Walls, 1982, Tight gas sands-permeability, pore structure, and clay, J. Petrol. Technol., 34, 2708, 10.2118/9871-PA
Wardlaw, 1968, Carnallite-sylvite relationships in the Middle Devonian Prairie evaporite formation, Saskatchewan, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 79, 1273, 10.1130/0016-7606(1968)79[1273:CRITMD]2.0.CO;2
Warner, 2012, Geochemical evidence for possible natural migration of Marcellus formation brine to shallow aquifers in Pennsylvania, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 109, 11961, 10.1073/pnas.1121181109
Weedman, 1992, Secondary compaction after secondary porosity: can it form a pressure seal?, Geology, 20, 303, 10.1130/0091-7613(1992)020<0303:SCASPC>2.3.CO;2
Zagorski, W., Bowman, D.A., Emery, M., Wrightstone, G.R., 2010. An overview of some key factors controlling well productivity in core areas of the Appalachian Basin Marcellus Shale play. In: Proceedings Critical assessment of shale resource plays (abs.): AAPG/Society of Exploration Geophysicists/Society of Petroleum Engineers/Society of Petrophysicists and Well Log Analysts Hedberg Research Conference, Austin, Texas.
Zhang, 1993, Coalification patterns of the Pennsylvanian coal measures in the Appalachian foreland basin, western and south-central Pennsylvania, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 105, 162, 10.1130/0016-7606(1993)105<0162:CPOTPC>2.3.CO;2