The fallacy of using a solitary outcome measure as the standard for satisfactory pain treatment outcome

Anderson, 1999, A prospective study of long-term intrathecal morphine in the management of chronic nonmalignant pain, Neurosurgery, 44, 289, 10.1097/00006123-199902000-00026 Barolat, 1998, Long-term outcome of spinal cord stimulation for chronic pain management, Neuromodulation, 1, 19, 10.1111/j.1525-1403.1998.tb00027.x Doleys, 1998, Use of intraspinal infusion therapy with non-cancer pain patients: follow-up and comparison of worker's compensation vs. non-worker's compensation patients, Neuromodulation, 1, 149, 10.1111/j.1525-1403.1998.tb00008.x Flor, 1992, Efficacy of multidisciplinary pain treatment centers: a meta-analytic review, Pain, 49, 221, 10.1016/0304-3959(92)90145-2 Marcus, 1999, Interview, Pain Med Network, 14, 3 North, 1993, Spinal cord stimulation for chronic, intractable pain: experience over two decades, Neurosurgery, 32, 384, 10.1227/00006123-199303000-00008 Paice, 1996, Intraspinal morphine for chronic pain: a retrospective, multicenter study, J Pain Symptom Manage, 11, 71, 10.1016/0885-3924(95)00099-2 Segal, 1998, Spinal cord stimulation revisited, Neurol Res, 20, 391, 10.1080/01616412.1998.11740536 Tasker, 1982, Thalamic stereotaxic procedures, 484 Tasker, 1996, Deep brain stimulation for the control of intractable pain, 3512 Turner, 1995, Spinal cord stimulation for chronic low back pain: a systematic literature synthesis, Neurosurgery, 37, 1088, 10.1227/00006123-199512000-00008 Tutak, 1996, Intrathecal infusion systems for treatment of chronic low back and leg pain of noncancer origin, South Med J, 89, 295, 10.1097/00007611-199603000-00007 Winkelmüller, 1996, Long-term effects of continuous intrathecal opioid treatment in chronic pain of nonmalignant etiology, J Neurosurg, 85, 458, 10.3171/jns.1996.85.3.0458