The essentials of nursing leadership: A systematic review of factors and educational interventions influencing nursing leadership

Abraham, 2011, Developing nurse leaders: a program enhancing staff nurse leadership skills and professionalism, Nurs. Admin. Q., 35, 306, 10.1097/NAQ.0b013e31822ecc6e Alghamdi, 2018, The effect of gender on transformational leadership and job satisfaction among Saudi nurses, J. Adv. Nurs., 74, 119, 10.1111/jan.13385 Al-Dossary, 2016, Residency programs and clinical leadership skills among new Saudi graduate nurses, J. Prof. Nurs., 32, 152, 10.1016/j.profnurs.2015.10.004 Al-Hussami, 2017, The effects of leadership competencies and quality of work on the perceived readiness for organizational change among nurse managers, Leadership Health Serv., 30, 443, 10.1108/LHS-11-2016-0058 Allen-Gilliam, 2016, The impact of shared governance over time in a small community hospital, J. Nurs. Admin., 46, 257, 10.1097/NNA.0000000000000340 Armstrong, 2020, Effect of simulation training on nurse leadership in a shared leadership model for cardiopulmonary resuscitation in the emergency department, Emerg. Med. Aust. Arnetz, 2007, Evaluation of an educational "toolbox" for improving nursing staff competence and psychosocial work environment in elderly care: Results of a prospective, non-randomized controlled intervention, Int. J. Nurs. Stud., 44, 723, 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2006.01.012 Banks, 2016, A meta-analytic review of authentic and transformational leadership: a test for redundancy, Leadership Q., 27, 634, 10.1016/j.leaqua.2016.02.006 Bass, 1994 Bateman, 2020, Charge nurse leadership training comparison: effective and timely delivery, Pediatr. Nurs., 46, 189 Bhalla, 2018, Leadership development program for nurses at a health care for the homeless program: an educational intervention, J. Commun. Health Nurs., 35, 179, 10.1080/07370016.2018.1516421 Bricon-Souf, 2007, Context awareness in health care: a review, Int. J. Med. Inform., 76, 2, 10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2006.01.003 Budak, 2018, Exploring the impacts of personal factors on clinical leadership in a university hospital, J. Res. Nurs., 23, 711, 10.1177/1744987118788716 Cao, 2015, Nurses' perceptions of their professional practice environment: a cross-sectional study, J. Clin. Nurs., 24, 3441, 10.1111/jocn.12953 Caspar, 2017, The responsive leadership intervention: improving leadership and individualized care in long-term care, Geriatr. Nurs., 38, 559, 10.1016/j.gerinurse.2017.04.004 Chang, 2008, The impact of Chinese cultural values on Taiwan nursing leadership styles: comparing the self-assessments of staff nurses and head nurses, J. Nurs. Res., 16, 109, 10.1097/01.JNR.0000387296.91677.61 Clavelle, 2012, Transformational leadership practices of chief nursing officers in Magnet organizations, J. Nurs. Admin., 42, 195, 10.1097/NNA.0b013e31824ccd7b Coladonato, 2017, Nurse leader emotional intelligence: how does it affect clinical nurse job satisfaction, Nurs. Manag., 48, 26, 10.1097/01.NUMA.0000522174.00393.f2 Connolly, 2018, Clinical leadership, structural empowerment and psychological empowerment of registered nurses working in an emergency department, J. Nurs. Manag., 26, 881, 10.1111/jonm.12619 Correa, 2019, The effect of leadership interventions on staff nurse job enjoyment and leadership perception, J. Nurs. Admin., 49, 215, 10.1097/NNA.0000000000000740 Crisp, 2018, The role of mentoring in leadership development, N. Direct. Stud. Leadership, 2018, 37, 10.1002/yd.20286 Crowne, 2017, Leading nurses:emotional intelligence and leadership development effectiveness, Leadership Health Serv., 30, 217, 10.1108/LHS-12-2015-0055 Cummings, 2008, Factors contributing to nursing leadership: a systematic review, J. Health Serv. Res. Policy, 13, 240, 10.1258/jhsrp.2008.007154 Cummings, 2010, The contribution of hospital nursing leadership styles to 30-day patient mortality, Nurs. Res., 59, 331, 10.1097/NNR.0b013e3181ed74d5 Cummings, 2018, Leadership styles and outcome patterns for the nursing workforce and work environment: a systematic review, Int. J. Nurs. Stud., 85, 19, 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2018.04.016 Cunningham, 2000, An evaluation of the RCN clinical leadership development programme: part 1, Nurs. Stand., 15, 34, 10.7748/ns2000.12.15.12.34.c2953 Cunningham, 2000, An evaluation of the RCN clinical leadership development programme: part 2, Nurs. Stand., 15, 34 Cutcliffe, 2015, Nursing leadership, missing questions, and the elephant(s) in the room: problematizing the discourse on nursing leadership, Issues Ment. Health Nurs., 36, 817, 10.3109/01612840.2015.1042176 Cziraki, 2018, Nurses’ leadership self-efficacy, motivation, and career aspirations, Leadership Health Serv., 31, 47, 10.1108/LHS-02-2017-0003 Dahinten, 2014, Testing the effects of an empowerment-based leadership development programme: part 2 - Staff outcomes, J. Nurs. Manag., 22, 16, 10.1111/jonm.12059 Dasborough, 2002, Emotion and attribution of intentionality in leader–member relationships, Leadership Q., 13, 615, 10.1016/S1048-9843(02)00147-9 Dunham-Taylor, 2000, Nurse executive transformational leadership found in participative organizations, J. Nurs. Admin., 30, 241, 10.1097/00005110-200005000-00005 Duygulu, 2011, Transformational leadership training programme for charge nurses, J. Adv. Nurs., 67, 633, 10.1111/j.1365-2648.2010.05507.x Dyess, 2011, Developing the leadership skills of new graduates to influence practice environments: a novice nurse leadership program, Nurs. Admin. Q., 35, 313, 10.1097/NAQ.0b013e31822ed1d9 Dyess, 2012, Transition support for the newly license nurse: a programme that made a difference, J. Nurs. Manag., 20, 615, 10.1111/j.1365-2834.2012.01330.x Dziczkowski, 2013, Mentoring and leadership development, Educat. Forum, 77, 351, 10.1080/00131725.2013.792896 Echevarria, 2017, Predictors of transformational leadership of nurse managers, J. Nurs. Manag., 25, 167, 10.1111/jonm.12452 Embree, 2018, Empowering nurses to lead interprofessional collaborative practice environments through a nurse leadership institute, J. Contin. Educat. Nurs., 49, 61, 10.3928/00220124-20180116-05 Estabrooks, 2003, Individual determinants of research utilization: a systematic review, J. Adv. Nurs., 43, 506, 10.1046/j.1365-2648.2003.02748.x Estabrooks, 2009, Effects of shift length on quality of patient care and health provider outcomes: systematic review, Qual. Saf. Health Care, 18, 181, 10.1136/qshc.2007.024232 Estabrooks, 2001, Decision aids: are they worth it? A systematic review of structured decision aids, J. Health Serv. Res. Policy, 6, 170, 10.1258/1355819011927431 Fardellone, 2014, Leadership behaviours of frontline staff nurses, J. Contin. Educ. Nurs., 45, 506, 10.3928/00220124-20141023-05 Fielden, 2009, Innovations in coaching and menoring: implication for nurse leadership development, Health Serv. Manag. Res., 22, 92, 10.1258/hsmr.2008.008021 Fitzpatrick, 2016, A leadership education and development program for clinical nurses, J. Nurs. Admin., 46, 561, 10.1097/NNA.0000000000000405 Frasier, 2019, Preparing nurse managers for authentic leadership: a pilot leadership development program, J. Nurs. Admin., 49, 79, 10.1097/NNA.0000000000000714 Galuska, 2014, Education as a Springboard for transformational leadership development: Listening to the voices of nurses, J. Contin. Educ. Nurs., 45, 67, 10.3928/00220124-20140124-21 Gardner, 2005, “Can you see the real me?” A self-based model of authentic leader and follower development, Leadership Q., 16, 343, 10.1016/j.leaqua.2005.03.003 Gardner, 2005, 2005 George, 2002, Developing staff nurse shared leadership behavior in professional nursing practice, Nurs. Admin. Q., 26, 44, 10.1097/00006216-200204000-00008 Gilmartin, 2014, Variations in clinical nurse leaders' confidence with performing the core role functions, J. Prof. Nurs., 30, 307, 10.1016/j.profnurs.2013.11.002 Goh, 2018, Leadership style of nurse managers as perceived by registered nurses: a cross-sectional survey, Proc. Singap. Healthc., 10.1177/2010105817751742 Goldenberg, 1990, Nursing education leadership: Effect of situational and constraint variables on leadership style, J. Adv. Nurs., 15, 1326, 10.1111/j.1365-2648.1990.tb01750.x 2003 Gottlieb, 2018, The predictive validity of charge nurse personality on objective and subjective performance of subordinates, J. Nurs. Manag., 27, 388, 10.1111/jonm.12696 Gutiérrez-Rodríguez, 2019, Competences of specialist nurses and advanced practice nurses, Enferm. Clin., 29, 328, 10.1016/j.enfcli.2019.10.001 Hall, 2016, Healthcare staff wellbeing, burnout, and patient safety: a systematic review, PloS One, 11, 10.1371/journal.pone.0159015 Hansen, 1995, Nurse manager personal traits and leadership characteristics, Nurs. Admin. Q., 19, 23, 10.1097/00006216-199501940-00006 Havaei, 2014, Psychological competence: the key to leader empowering behaviors, J. Nurs. Admin., 44, 276, 10.1097/NNA.0000000000000067 Henderson, 1995, Nurse executives: leadership motivation and leadership effectiveness, J. Nurs. Admin., 25, 45, 10.1097/00005110-199504000-00007 Henker, 2017, Crisis team management in a scarce resource setting: Angkor Hospital for Children in Siem Reap, Cambodia, Fronti. Public Health, 5, 154, 10.3389/fpubh.2017.00154 Herman, 2017, Effects of RN age and experience on transformational leadership practices, J. Nurs. Admin., 47, 327, 10.1097/NNA.0000000000000488 Hodgson, 2013, A concept analysis of mentoring in nursing leadership, Open J. Nurs., 3, 389, 10.4236/ojn.2013.35052 Hsu, 2011, Evaluation of a leadership orientation program in Taiwan: preceptorship and leader competencies of the new nurse manager, Nurse Educ. Today, 31, 809, 10.1016/j.nedt.2010.12.003 Ingersoll, 1996, The effect of a professional practice model on staff nurse perception of work groups and nurse leaders, J. Nurs. Admin., 26, 52, 10.1097/00005110-199605000-00011 2011 Irurita, 1988, A study of nursing leadership, Aust. J. Adv. Nurs., 6, 43 Jang, 2019, Impact of ethical factors on job satisfaction among Korean nurses, Nurs. Ethics, 26, 1186, 10.1177/0969733017742959 Jenkins, 1996, A self-efficacy approach to nursing leadership for shared governance, Nurs. Leadership Forum, 2, 26 Jeon, 2018, An ethical leadership program for nursing unit managers, Nurs. Educ. Today, 62, 30, 10.1016/j.nedt.2017.12.017 Jones, 1990, Nurse practitioners: leadership behaviors and organizational climate, J. Prof. Nurs., 6, 327, 10.1016/S8755-7223(05)80125-5 Kellett, 2002, Empathy and complex task performance: two routes to leadership, Leadership Q., 13, 523, 10.1016/S1048-9843(02)00142-X Kelly, 2014, The relationship of training and education to leadership practices in frontline nurse leaders, J. Nurs. Admin., 44, 158, 10.1097/NNA.0000000000000044 Kitson, 1998, Enabling the implementation of evidence based practice: a conceptual framework, Quality in Health Care: QHC, 7, 149, 10.1136/qshc.7.3.149 Kondrat, 2001, Operating room nurse managers: Competence and beyond, Assoc. Periop. Reg. Nurs. Online, 73, 1116 Kouzes, 2002 Krugman, 2013, Longitudinal charge nurse leadership development and evaluation, J. Nurs. Admin., 43, 438, 10.1097/NNA.0b013e3182a23b26 Krugman, 2003, Charge nurse leadership development and evaluation, J. Nurs. Admin., 33, 284, 10.1097/00005110-200305000-00004 Lawson, 2018, The impact of informal leader nurses on patient satisfaction, J. Nur. Manag., 1 Lega, 2017, Leadership research in healthcare: a realist review, Health Serv. Manag. Res., 30, 94, 10.1177/0951484817708915 Lee, 2010, Impact of leadership development on emotional health in healthcare managers, J. Nurs. Manag., 18, 1027, 10.1111/j.1365-2834.2010.01178.x Lester, 2011, Mentoring impact on leader efficacy development: a field experiment, Acad. Manag. Learn. Educ., 10, 409, 10.5465/amle.2010.0047 Lucas, 1986, The relationship of nursing Deans' leadership behaviors with institutional characteristics, J. Nurs. Educ., 25, 50, 10.3928/0148-4834-19860201-04 Luk, 2018, Assessment of a leadership enhancement program for nursing managers of an acute general hospital in Hong Kong, Open Nurs. J., 12, 133, 10.2174/1874434601812010133 Lord, 2013, Leadership in context: insights from a study of nursing in Western Australia, Leadership, 9, 180, 10.1177/1742715012468780 MacPhee, 2014, Testing the effects of an empowerment-based leadership development programme: part 1 - leader outcomes, J. Nurs. Manag., 22, 4, 10.1111/jonm.12053 Mansen, 1993, Role-taking abilities of nursing education administrators and their perceived leadership effectiveness, J. Profess. Nurs., 9, 347, 10.1016/8755-7223(93)90010-A Martin, 2012, Evaluation of a clinical leadership programme for nurse leaders, J. Nurs. Manag., 20, 72, 10.1111/j.1365-2834.2011.01271.x McFarlan, 2020, An experiential educational intervention to improve nurse managers’ knowledge and self-assessed competence with health care financial management, J. Contin. Educ. Nurs., 51, 181, 10.3928/00220124-20200317-08 McGarity, 2020, Innovative frontline nurse leader professional development program, J. Nurs. Prof. Dev., 36, 277, 10.1097/NND.0000000000000628 McNamara, 2014, Mentoring, coaching and action learning: Interventions in a national clinical leadership development programme, J. Clin. Nurs., 23, 2533, 10.1111/jocn.12461 Moon, 2019, Measuring transformational leadership in establishing nursing care excellence, Healthcare, 7, 132, 10.3390/healthcare7040132 Moradpour, 2017, Investigating the relationship between self-leadership and resistance to organizational changes in the nursing managers of hospitals affiliated with Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Ann. Trop. Med. Public Health, 10, 1333, 10.4103/ATMPH.ATMPH_205_17 Moreno, 2019, Capitalizing on an existing shared governance structure in developing leadership succession planning, J. Nurs. Admin., 49, 193, 10.1097/NNA.0000000000000737 Morin, 2015, Preparing leaders in maternal-child health nursing, J. Obst., Gynecol. Neon. Nurs., 44, 633, 10.1111/1552-6909.12730 Northouse, 2004 Ouzzani, 2016, Rayyan-a web and mobile app for systematic reviews, Syst. Rev., 5, 10.1186/s13643-016-0384-4 Ozden, 2017, The effect of nurses’ ethical leadership and ethical climate perceptions on job satisfaction, Nursing Ethics, 1 Paterson, 2015, The impact of a leadership development programme on nurses' self-perceived leadership capability, J. Nurs. Manag., 23, 1086, 10.1111/jonm.12257 Prado-Inzerillo, 2018, Leadership practices and engagement among magnet hospital chief nursing officers, J. Nurs. Admin., 48, 502, 10.1097/NNA.0000000000000658 Pedaline, 2012, Preparing exceptional leaders, Nurs. Manag., 43, 38, 10.1097/01.NUMA.0000416401.45485.f6 Perkel, 2002, Nurse executives’ values and leadership behaviors: conflict or coexistence, Nurs. Leadership Forum, 6, 100 Phillips, 2018, Transforming leaders into stewards of teaching excellence: Building and sustaining an academic culture through leadership immersion, Contemp. Issues Educ. Res., 11, 1, 10.19030/cier.v11i1.10104 Porter-O-Grady, 2009, Creating a context for excellence and innovation comparing chief nurse executive leadership practices in magnet and non-magnet hospitals, Nurs. Admin. Q., 33, 198, 10.1097/NAQ.0b013e3181acca44 Rozier, 1996, Nurse executive characteristics: gender differences, Nurse Manag., 127, 33 Rugen, 2018, Evaluation of veterans affairs primary care nurse practitioner residency: achievement of competencies, Nurs. Outlook, 66, 25, 10.1016/j.outlook.2017.06.004 Saab, 2019, Impact of a compassionate care leadership programme, Br. J. Nurs., 28, 708, 10.12968/bjon.2019.28.11.708 Samuel, 2015, Crisis leadership efficacy of nurse practitioners, J. Nurse Pract., 11, 862, 10.1016/j.nurpra.2015.06.010 Scully, 2015, Leadership in nursing: the importance of recognizing inherent values and attributes to secure a postive future for the profession, Collegian, 22, 439, 10.1016/j.colegn.2014.09.004 Shaughnessy, 2018, J. Nurs. Admin., 48, 574, 10.1097/NNA.0000000000000682 Shen, 2018, Kansas nurse leader residency programme: advancing leader knowledge and skills, J. Nurs. Manag., 26, 148, 10.1111/jonm.12527 Shirazi, 2016, The effects of intervention based on supportive leadership behaviour on Iranian nursing leadership performance: a randomized controlled trial, . Nurs. Manag., 24, 400, 10.1111/jonm.12335 Simpson, 2017, Mitigating the impact of nurse manager large spans of control, Nurs. Admin. Q., 41, 178, 10.1097/NAQ.0000000000000214 Spano-Szekely, 2016, Emotional intelligence and transformational leadership in nurse managers, J. Nurs. Admin., 46, 101, 10.1097/NNA.0000000000000303 Spencer, 2018, Association development and professional transformation model for nurse leaders, J. Nurs. Manag., 26, 1100, 10.1111/jonm.12642 Spiva, 2020, The effectiveness of charge nurse training on leadership style and resiliency, J. Nurs. Admin., 50, 95, 10.1097/NNA.0000000000000848 Tau, 2018, The relationship between resilience and empowering leader behaviour of nurse managers in the mining healthcare sector, Curationis, 41, a1775, 10.4102/curationis.v41i1.1775 Titzer, 2014, A nurse manager succession planning model with associated empirical outcomes, J. Nurs. Admin., 44, 37, 10.1097/NNA.0000000000000019 Tourangeau, 2003, Evaluation of a leadership development intervention, Can. J. Nurs. Leadership, 16, 91, 10.12927/cjnl.2003.16256 Tyczkowski, 2015, Emotional intelligence (EI) and nursing leadership styles among nurse managers, Nurs. Admin. Q., 39, 172, 10.1097/NAQ.0000000000000094 Ueda, 2012, Evaluation of the effects of a leader-training program on public health nurse leadership for staff in Japan, Open J. Nurs., 2, 246, 10.4236/ojn.2012.23038 Wallin, 2006, Understanding work contextual factors: a short-cut to evidence-based practice?, Worldviews Evid.-Based Nurs., 4, 153, 10.1111/j.1741-6787.2006.00067.x Walumba, 2008, Authentic leadership: development and validation of a theory-based measure, J. Manag., 34, 89 Wessel-Krejci, 1997, Impact of leadership development on competencies, Nurs. Econ., 15, 235 Wolf, 1996, Changes in leadership styles as a function of a four-day leadership training institute for nurse managers: a perspective on continuing education program evaluation, J. Contin. Educ. Nur., 27, 245, 10.3928/0022-0124-19961101-04 Wong, 2013, The relationship between nursing leadership and patient outcomes: a systematic review update, J. Nurs. Manag., 21, 709, 10.1111/jonm.12116 Xin, 2003, Supervisor–subordinate conflict and perceptions of leadership behavior: a field study, Leadership Q., 14, 25, 10.1016/S1048-9843(02)00185-6 Yong, 2011, Effects of a spirituality training program on the spiritual and psychosocial well-being of hospital middle manager nurses in Korea, J. Contin. Educ. Nurs., 42, 280, 10.3928/00220124-20101201-04 Yoon, 2016, Confidence in delegation and leadership of registered nurses in long-term-care hospitals, J. Nurs. Manag., 24, 676, 10.1111/jonm.12372 Young, 1992, Educational experiences of transformational nurse leaders, Nurs. Admin. Q., 17, 25, 10.1097/00006216-199201710-00008 Zohar, 2017, Modifying head nurse messages during daily conversations as leverage for safety climate improvement: A randomized field experiment, BMJ Q. Saf., 26, 653, 10.1136/bmjqs-2016-005910