The epidural trial
Tài liệu tham khảo
1992
Jacox, 1994
Zech, 1996, Validation of the World Health Organization guidelines for cancer pain relief: A 10-year prospective study, Pain, 63, 65, 10.1016/0304-3959(95)00017-M
Ferrell, 1989, Quality of life as an outcome variable in the management of cancer pain, Cancer, 63, 2321, 10.1002/1097-0142(19890601)63:11<2321::AID-CNCR2820631142>3.0.CO;2-T
Liebeskind, 1991, Pain can kill, Pain, 44, 3, 10.1016/0304-3959(91)90141-J
Lillemoe, 1993, Chemical splanchnicectomy in patients with unresectable pancreatic cancer, Ann Surg, 217, 447, 10.1097/00000658-199305010-00004
Horlocker, 2010, Regional anesthesia in the patient receiving antithrombotic or thrombolytic therapy: American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine Evidence-Based Guidelines (Third Edition), Reg Anesth Pain Med, 35, 64, 10.1097/AAP.0b013e3181c15c70
de Leon-Casasola, 1996, Postoperative epidural opioid analgesia: What are the choices?, Anesth Analg, 83, 867, 10.1213/00000539-199610000-00038
Brose, 1991, CSF and blood pharmacokinetics of hydromorphone and morphine following lumbar epidural administration, Pain, 45, 11, 10.1016/0304-3959(91)90158-T
Bromage, 1982, Rostral spread of epidural morphine, Anesthesiology, 56, 431, 10.1097/00000542-198206000-00004
Cousins, 1988, Acute and chronic pain: Use of spinal opiods, 955
Stienstra, 1996, Mechanism of action of an epidural top-up in combined spinal epidural anesthesia, Anesth Analg, 83, 382, 10.1213/00000539-199608000-00031
2011
Eisenach, 1995, Epidural clonidine analgesia for intractable cancer pain, Pain, 61, 391, 10.1016/0304-3959(94)00209-W
Rauck, 1993, Epidural clonidine treatment for refractory reflex sympathetic dystrophy, Anesthesiology, 79, 1163, 10.1097/00000542-199312000-00005
Coombs, 1986, Continuous intrathecal hydromorphone and clonidine for intractable cancer pain, J Neurosurg, 64, 890, 10.3171/jns.1986.64.6.0890
Ackerman, 2003, Long-term outcomes during treatment of chronic pain with intrathecal clonidine or clonidine/opioid combinations, J Pain Symptom Manage, 26, 668, 10.1016/S0885-3924(03)00144-1
Yaksh, 1985, Pharmacology of spinal adrenergic systems which modulate spinal nociceptive processing, Pharmacol Biochem Behav, 22, 845, 10.1016/0091-3057(85)90537-4
Ono, 1991, Inhibitory effects of clonidine and tizanidine on release of substance P from slices of rat spinal cord and antagonism by alpha-adrenergic receptor antagonists, Neuropharmacology, 30, 585, 10.1016/0028-3908(91)90077-O
Docherty, 1998, Subtypes of functional alpha1 and alpha2 adrenoceptors, Eur J Pharmacol, 361, 1, 10.1016/S0014-2999(98)00682-7
Khan, 1999, Alpha2 and imidazoline receptor agonists, Anesthesia, 54, 146, 10.1046/j.1365-2044.1999.00659.x
Childers, 2001, How alpha2adrenergic agonists relieve pain, 13
De Kock, 1997, Analgesic doses of intrathecal but not intravenous clonidine increase acetylcholine in cerebrospinal fluid in humans, Anesth Analg, 84, 800, 10.1213/00000539-199704000-00019
Detweiler, 1993, A cholinergic interaction in alpha 2 adrenoceptor-mediated antinociception in sheep, J Pharmacol Exp Ther, 265, 536
Klimscha, 1997, Intrathecal 2-adrenergic agonists stimulate acetylcholine and norepinephrine release from the spinal cord dorsal horn in sheep: An in vivo microdialysis study, Anesthesiology, 87, 110, 10.1097/00000542-199707000-00015
Gillberg, 1988, Autoradiographic distribution of [3H]acetylcholine binding sites in the cervical spinal cord of man and some other species, Neurosci Lett, 90, 197, 10.1016/0304-3940(88)90811-7
Stone, 1998, Differential distribution of alpha2A and alpha2C adrenergic receptor immunoreactivity in the rat spinal cord, J Neurosci, 18, 5928, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.18-15-05928.1998
Ongioco, 2000, Alpha2-adrenergicreceptors in human dorsal root ganglia: Predominance of alpha2b and alpha2c subtype mRNAs, Anesthesiology, 92
Maze, 2000, Alpha2 adrenoceptors in pain modulation: which subtypes should be targeted to produce analgesia?, Anesthesiology, 92, 934, 10.1097/00000542-200004000-00008