The entrepreneur's ‘resource potential’ and the organic square of entrepreneurship: definition and application to the French case

Dimitri Uzunidis1, Sophie Boutillier1, Blandine Laperche1
1Research Unit on Industry and Innovation/ CLERSE-CNRS (UMR 8019), Research Network on Innovation, University Littoral Côte d'Opale, Lille, France

Tóm tắt

AbstractThe aim of this conceptual paper is to study the origin of the entrepreneur's function. We examine the construction of the entrepreneur's ‘resource potential’ (the set of knowledge, relations and financial resources gathered together by the entrepreneur) and the role of the socio-economic background in this matter. The ‘organic square of entrepreneurship’ (resource potential, market, economic organization and public policy) links the individual characteristics of the entrepreneur and the environmental factors to explain entrepreneurship. It is also a tool to study entrepreneurship in different social, economic and political context. We illustrate this role through the analysis of the French case, which reveals the assets and limits of the entrepreneurial context. We particularly show the importance of taking account of the structural characteristics of the productive system in the design of future entrepreneurship policies.JEL codesL26, L1, L53

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

Acs ZJ, Audretsch DB, Braunerhjehm P, Carlsson B: The Knowledge Spillover Theory of Entrepreneurship. Bloomington (US): Institute for Development Strategies; 2005.

Aldrich HE: An evolutionary approach to entrepreneurship. Selected essays by H. E. Aldrich. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar; 2011.

Aldrich HE, Cliff JE: The pervasive effects of family on entrepreneurship: toward a family embeddedness perspective. Journal of Business Venturing 2003, 18: 573–596. 10.1016/S0883-9026(03)00011-9

Aldrich HE, Martinez MA: Many are called, but few are chosen: an evolutionary perspective for the study of entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice 2001, 25: 41–56.

APCE (Agence pour la Création d’Entreprise): Quand les créateurs d’entreprise ont déjà l’expérience de l’entrepreneuriat les " multi-créateurs". Paris: APCE; 2010.

Assises de l’entrepreneuriat 2013.http://www.redressement-productif.gouv.fr/cloture-assises-de-l-entrepreneuriat . Accessed 24 May 2013

Barruel F: Les entreprises créées en 2006: une prénnité plus faible dans la construction. Paris: INSEE; 2013. Avril: INSEE Première, no. 1441 Avril: INSEE Première, no. 1441

Becker G: Human capital. Chicago: University of Chicago Press; 1975.

Bernasconi M, Degroof JJ: Etat d’urgence pour les jeunes entreprises high tech européennes. Entreprendre & Innover 2012, 4(16):5–6.

Bourdieu P: Le capital social. Actes de la Recherche en Sciences sociales 1980, 31: 115–132.

Bourdieu P: Noblesse d’Etat, grandes écoles et esprit de corps. Paris: Editions de minuit; 1987.

Beguin JM, Hecquet V, Lemasson J: Un tissu productif plus concentré qu’il ne semblait. In INSEE Première, no. 1399. Paris: INSEE; 2012. mars mars

Boutillier S, Uzunidis D: The innovative milieu as the driving force of entrepreneurship. In Innovation networks and clusters: the knowledge backbone. Edited by: Laperche B, Sommers P, Uzunidis D. Bruxelles: Peter Lang; 2010:135–158.

Boutillier S, Laperche B, Uzunidis D: Technological innovation or social exclusion. In The “organic paradigm” of creation of new enterprises, The French case. Washington: Society for the Advancement of Socio-Economics; 2004. 9–11 July 9–11 July

Boutillier S: The end of capitalism: J. K. Galbraith vs K. Marx and J. A. Schumpeter. In Innovation, evolution and economic change. New ideas in the Tradition of J.K. Galbraith. Edited by: Laperche B, Galbraith J, Uzunidis D. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar; 2006:53–71.

Buchanan JM, Tullock G: The calculus of consent. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press; 1962.

Burt RS: Le capital social, les trous structuraux et l'entrepreneur. Revue française de sociologie, XXXVL 1995, 36(4):599–628. 10.2307/3322448

Casson M: Entrepreneurship, business culture and the theory of the firm. In Handbook of entrepreneurship research. Edited by: Acs ZL, Audretsch DB. New York: Springer; 2010:249–271.

Chabaud D, Ngijol J: La contribution de la théorie des réseaux sociaux à la reconnaissance des opportunités de marché. Revue internationale des PME 2005, 18: 73–90.

Chesbrough H: Open innovation: the new imperative for creation and profiting from technology. Boston: Harvard Business Press; 2003.

Coleman JS: Social capital in the creation of human capital. American Journal of Sociology 1988, 94: 95–120. 10.1086/228943

Coleman JS: Foundations of social theory. Cambridge: Harvard University Press; 1990.

Cornuau F: Qui sont les entrepreneurs en France ? Et comment les économistes et les statisticiens se représentent-ils ces personnes? Revue Internationale de Psychologie et de Gestion des Comportements Organisationnels 2008, 32: 181–205.

Davidsson P, Honig B: The role of social and human capital among nascent entrepreneurs. Journal of Business Venturing 2003, 18: 301–331. 10.1016/S0883-9026(02)00097-6

Denison EF: The sources of growth in the US. New York: Committee for Economic Development; 1962.

Dhont-Peltrault E, Llense F: L’entrepreneuriat en France - Volet 1: mythes et réalités en comparaisons internationales, La note d’analyse, no 296. Paris: Centre d’analyse stratégiques; 2012a.

Dhont-Peltrault E, Llense F: L’entrepreneuriat en France - Volet 2: comment mieux accompagner la prise de risque des créateurs d’entrepruses? In La note d’analyse, no. 297. Centre d’analyse stratégique; 2012b.

Eurobarometer: Entrepreneurship Survey of the EU (25 member states), United States and Norway. 2007.http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/flash/fl_192_en.pdf

Eurobarometer: Entrepreneurship in the EU and beyond, Report. 2012.http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/flash/fl_354_en.pdf

European Commission 2012.http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/statistics_explained/index.php/R_%26_D_expenditure . Accessed 23 May 13

Filatriau O, Batto V: En 2012, plus d’immatriculation d’auto-entreprises, moins de sociétés. In INSEE Premières, no. 1433. INSEE: Paris; 2013.

Gasse Y, Diochon M, Menzies T: Les entrepreneurs émergents dont l’entreprise est devenue opérationnelle et les autres: comparaisons lors de la conception du projet d’entreprise. Journal of Small Business & Entrepreneurship 2004, 17: 117–134. 10.1080/08276331.2004.10593316

Geay A: Garantie, financement, innovation: le rôle d’OSEO auprès des PME. In L’innovation. Analyser, anticiper, agir. Edited by: Boutillier S, Djellal F, Uzunidis D. Brussels: Peter Lang; 2013:219–225.

Global Entrepreneurship Monitor: Global report. 2012. /docs/2645/gem-2012-global-report http://www.gemconsortium.org

Granovetter M: Economic action and social structure: the problem of embeddedness. American Journal of Sociology 1985, 91: 481–510. 10.1086/228311

Gumbel P: Elite academy. Paris: Denoël: Enquête sur la France malade de ses grandes écoles; 2013.

Iselin F: HEC Start up invitro ou la procréation assistée pour entreprises innovantes. Entreprendre & Innover 2012, 16: 38–45. 10.3917/entin.016.0038

Keynes JM: The means to prosperity. London: Macmillan; 1933.

Kirzner I: Discovery and the capitalist process. Chicago: University of Chicago Press; 1973.

Kirzner I: Entrepreneurial discovery and the competitive market process: an Austrian approach. The Journal of Economic Literature 1985, 35: 60–85.

Laperche B, Uzunidis D, von Tunzelmann NG: The genesis of innovation. systemic linkages between knowledge and the market. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar; 2008.

Laperche B, Uzunidis D: The impacts of reforms on research and innovation in France: direction, planning and coordination. Higher Education Management and Policy 2011, 23(2):1–20. OECD OECD

Laperche B, Liu Z: Small business and knowledge capital formation in innovation networks: a review of literature. Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship 2013. in press in press

Lucas R: On the mechanics of economic development. Journal of Monetary Economics 1988, 72: 3–42.

Lasch F, Le Roy F, Yami S: Les determinants de la survie et de la croissance des start-up TIC. Revue française de gestion 2005, 155: 37–56.

Macaulay S: Non-contractual relations in business: a preliminary study. American Sociological Review 1963, 28: 55–67. 10.2307/2090458

Marchesnay M: La petite entreprise: sortir de l’ignorance. Revue française de gestion 2003, 144: 107–118.

Marchesnay M: L’entrepreneur: une histoire française. Revue française de gestion 2008, 188–189. 77–95 77–95

Minniti M: Entrepreneurship and network externalities. Journal of Economics Behavior & Organization 2005, 57: 1–27. 10.1016/j.jebo.2004.10.002

Penrose E: The theory of the growth of the firm. New York: Wiley; 1959.

Porter M: Competitive strategy. New York: Free Press; 1980.

Putnam R: Bowling alone: the collapse and revival of American community. New York: Simon and Schuster; 2000.

Sammut S: Jeune entreprise. La phase cruciale du démarrage. Paris: L’Harmattan; 1998.

Schulz TW: Investment in man: an economist’s view. The Social Service Review, XXXIII 1959, 33(2):109–117. 10.1086/640656

Schumpeter JA: Business cycles. New York: Macgraw Hill; 1939.

Schumpeter JA: Capitalism, socialism and democracy. London: Routlegde; 1942.

Schumpeter JA: The theory of economic development (1911). New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers; 2006.

Shane S: A general theory of entrepreneurship. The individual-opportunity nexus. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar; 2003.

Shane S, Venkataraman S: The promise of entrepreneurship as a field of research. Academy of Management Review 2000, 25: 226–317.

Suire R: Des réseaux de l’entrepreneur au ressort créatif: quelles stratégies pour les territoires. Revue internationale des PME 2004, 17: 29–54.

Von Bulow N: L’innovation en France: un système en échec, note 1/19. Terra Nova; 2012. . Accessed June 2013 http://www.tnova.fr

Weber M: L’éthique protestante et l’esprit du capitalisme, (1905). Paris: Plon; 1964.

World Bank and International Finance Corporation: Doing business 2013. France: economy profile; 2013.

Zalc C: Les petits patrons en France au 20e siècle ou les atouts du flou. Vingtième Siècle 2012, 144: 53–66.