The effects of block shape on the seismic behavior of dry-stone masonry retaining walls: A numerical investigation by discrete element modeling

Cai, 2014, Discrete element visco-elastic modelling of a realistic graded asphalt mixture, Soils Found., 54, 12, 10.1016/j.sandf.2013.12.002 Chen, 2014, Investigating geogrid-reinforced ballast: experimental pull-out tests and discrete element modeling, Soils Found., 54, 1, 10.1016/j.sandf.2013.12.001 Claxton, 2008, Rigid block distinct-element modeling of dry-stone retaning walls in plane strain, J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 131, 381, 10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2005)131:3(381) Colas, 2008, Yield design of dry-stone masonry retaining structures—comparisons with analytical, numerical, and experimental data, Int. J. Numer. Anal. Methods Geomech., 32, 1817, 10.1002/nag.697 Colas, 2010, 2D modelling of a dry joint masonry wall retaining a pulverulent backfill, Int. J. Numer. Anal. Methods Geomech., 34, 1237 Dewoolkar, 2009, Finite element simulations of seismic effects on retaining walls with liquefiable backfills, Int. J. Numer. Anal. Methods Geomech., 33, 791, 10.1002/nag.748 Fukumoto, 2013, The role of rolling friction in granular packing, Granular Matter, 15, 175, 10.1007/s10035-013-0398-8 Furukawa, 2012, Numerical simulation of the failure propagation of masonry buildings during an earthquake, J. Nat. Disaster Sci., 33, 11, 10.2328/jnds.33.11 2005 Kasa, 2008, Experimental investigation of friction property of stone due to block shape, Proc. Jpn. Soc. Civ. Eng., 63, 241 Katagiri, 2010, Simple shear simulation of 3D irregularly-shaped particles by image-based DEM, Granular Matter, 12, 491, 10.1007/s10035-010-0207-6 Kamai, 2008, Numerical analysis of block stone displacement in ancient masonry structures: a new method to estimate historic ground motions, Int. J. Numer. Anal. Methods Geomech., 32, 1324, 10.1002/nag.671 Mathieu, 2012, An enhanced homogenization approach for masonry structures with compressible joints. Application to hearth thermomechanical computations, Int. J. Numer. Anal. Methods Geomech., 36, 1102, 10.1002/nag.1041 Miyata, 2012, Reliability analysis of soil-geogrid pullout models in Japan, Soils Found., 52, 620, 10.1016/j.sandf.2012.07.004 Murakami, 2012, The design example of stone wall restoration in ZUIHODEN, Proc. Jpn. Geotech. Soc., 47, 1187 Pöschel, 2004 1995, Geotechnical Centrifuge Technology Tanaka, 1998, Comparison of stability estimation methods for masonry walls, Civ. Eng. Hist., 18, 139 Utili, 2008, DEM analysis of bonded granular geomaterials, Int. J. Numer. Anal. Methods Geomech., 7, 1997, 10.1002/nag.728 Wang, 2012, DEM analysis of energy dissipation in crushable soils, Soils Found., 52, 644, 10.1016/j.sandf.2012.07.006 Yamada, 2006, Analogue and numerical modelling of accretionary prisms with a decollement in sediments., Geol. Soc. London Special Publication, 253, 169, 10.1144/GSL.SP.2006.253.01.09 Yamamoto, 2010, Study on the deformation characteristic of masonry walls during earthquake with full-sized model, J. Jpn. Soc. Civ. Eng., 66, 43 Yoshida, 2005, DEM analysis for direct shear test of granular assemblies, Proc. Jpn. Geotech. Soc., 40, 1817 Yoshida, 2007, Numerical investigation of masonry wall for seismic stability, Proc. Jpn. Soc. Civ. Eng., 62 Yoshida, 2009, Centrifuge model test for seismic stability of masonry wall, Proc. Jpn. Soc. Civ. Eng., 64