The effects of applied water at various fractions of measured evapotranspiration on water relations and vegetative growth of Thompson Seedless grapevines
Tóm tắt
Vegetative growth and water relations of Thompson Seedless grapevines in response to applied water amounts at various fractions of measured grapevine ETc were quantified. Treatments ranged from no applied water up to 1.4 times the water used by vines growing in a weighing lysimeter. All treatments were irrigated at the same frequency as the vines in the lysimeter (whenever they used 2 mm of water), albeit at their respective fraction. Soil water content and midday leaf water potential (Ψl) were measured routinely in four of the irrigation treatments across years. The amount of water depleted in the soil profile ranged from 190 mm for the 0.2 treatment in 1993 to no water depletion for the 1.4 treatment in 1992. The irrigation treatments significantly affected midday Ψl, total shoot length, leaf area per vine, pruning weights and trunk diameter; as applied water decreased so did vegetative growth. Pruning weights were a linear function of the seasonal, mean midday Ψl across growing seasons. The application of water amounts in excess of evapotranspiration negatively affected vegetative growth some of the years. A companion paper will demonstrate that over-irrigation can negatively affect reproductive growth of this grape cultivar due to excess vegetative growth.
Tài liệu tham khảo
Allen RA, Pereira LS, Raes D, Smith M (1998) Crop evapotranspiration: guidelines for computing crop water requirements. (FAO irrigation and drainage paper 56) FAO, Rome
Araujo F, Williams LE, Grimes DW, Matthews MA (1995) A comparative study of young ‘Thompson Seedless’ grapevines under drip and furrow irrigation. I. Root and soil water distributions. Sci Hortic 60:235–249
Ayars JE, Johnson RS, Phene CJ, Trout TJ, Clark DA, Mead RM (2003) Water use by drip irrigated late season peaches. Irrig Sci 22:187–194
Correia MJ, Pereira JS, Chaves MM, Rodrigues ML, Pacheco CA (1995) ABA xylem concentrations determine maximum daily leaf conductance of field-grown Vitis vinifera L. plants. Plant Cell Environ 18:511–521
Daane KM, Williams LE (2003) Manipulating vineyard irrigation amounts to reduce insect pest damage. Ecol Appl 13:1650–1666
Deloire A, Carbonneau A, Wang Z, Ojeda H (2004) La vigne et l’eau. J Int Sci Vigne Vin 38:1–13
Dry PR, Loveys BR (1999) Grapevine shoot growth and stomatal conductance are reduced when part of the root system is dried. Vitis 38:151–156
Dry PR, Loveys BR, Düring H (2000) Partial drying of the rootzone of grape. I. Transient changes in shoot growth and gas exchange. Vitis 39:3–7
Fereres E, Evans RG (2006) Irrigation of fruit trees and vines: an introduction. Irrig Sci 24:55–57
Fereres E, Soriano MA (2007) Deficit irrigation for reducing agricultural water use. J Exp Bot 58:147–159
Girona J, Mata M, Del Campo J, Arbonés A, Bartra E, Marsal J (2006) The use of midday leaf water potential for scheduling deficit irrigation in vineyards. Irrig Sci 24:115–127
Grimes DW, Williams LE (1990) Irrigation effects on plant water relations and productivity of ‘Thompson Seedless’ grapevines. Crop Sci 30:255–260
Hsiao TC, Steduto P, Fereres E (2007) A systematic and quantitative approach to improve water use efficiency in agriculture. Irrig Sci 25:209–231
Intrigliolo DS, Castel JR (2007) Evaluation of grapevine water status from trunk diameter variations. Irrig Sci 26:49–59
Intrigliolo DS, Pérez D, Castel JR (2005) Water relations of field grown drip irrigated ‘Tempranillo’ grapevine. Acta Hortic 689:317–323
Jones HG (2004) Irrigation scheduling: advantages and pitfalls of plant-based methods. J Exp Bot 55:2427–2436
Laraus JL (2004) The problems of sustainable water use in the Mediterranean and research requirements for agriculture. Ann appl Biol 144:259–272
Matthews MA, Anderson MM, Schultz HR (1987) Phenologic and growth responses to early and late season water deficits in Cabernet Franc. Vitis 26:26–30
May P (1965) Reducing inflorescence formation by shading individual Sultana buds. Aust J Biol Sci 18:463–473
Morison JIL, Baker NR, Mullineaux MP, Davies WJ (2008) Improving water use in crop production. Philos Trans R Soc B 363:639–658
Myburg PA (1996) Response of Vitis vinifera L. cv. Barlinka/Ramsey to soil water depletion levels with particular references to trunk growth parameters. S Afr J Enol Vitic 17:3–14
Salón JL, Chirivella C, Castel JR (2005) Response of cv. Bobal to timing of deficit irrigation in Requena, Spain: Water relations, yield and wine quality. Am J Enol Vitic 56:1–8
Schultz HR, Matthews MA (1988) Vegetative growth distribution during water deficits in Vitis vinifera L. Aust J Plant Physiol 15:641–656
Sellés G, Ferreira R, Muñoz I, Silva H (2004) Physiological indicators of plant water status as criteria for irrigation scheduling in table grapes cv. Crimson Seedless, irrigated dry drip. Acta Hortic 664:599–605
Smart RE (1974) Aspects of water relations of the grapevine (Vitis vinifera). Am J Enol Vitic 25:84–91
Stevens RM, Harvey G, Aspinall D (1995) Grapevine growth of shoots and fruit linearly correlate with water stress indices based on root-weighted soil matric potential. Aust J Grape Wine Res 1:58–66
van Zyl JL (1984) Response of Colombar grapevines to irrigation as regards quality aspects and growth. S Afr J Enol Vitic 5:19–28
van Zyl JL (1987) Diurnal variation in grapevine water stress as a function of changing soil water status and meteorological conditions. S Afr J Enol Vitic 8:45–52
Williams LE (1987) The effect of cyanamide on budbreak and vine development of Thompson Seedless grapevines in the San Joaquin Valley of California. Vitis 26:107–113
Williams LE, Araujo F (2002) Correlations among predawn leaf, midday leaf, and midday stem water potential and their correlations with other measures of soil and plant water status in Vitis vinifera L. J Am Soc Hortic Sci 127:448–454
Williams LE, Ayars JE (2005a) Water use of Thompson Seedless grapevines as affected by the application of gibberellic acid (GA3) and trunk girdling–practices to increase berry size. Agric For Meteor 129:85–94
Williams LE, Ayars JE (2005b) Grapevine water use and the crop coefficient are linear functions of the shaded area measured beneath the canopy. Agric For Meteor 132:201–211
Williams LE, Baeza P (2007) Relationships among ambient temperature and vapor pressure deficit and leaf and stem water potentials of fully irrigated, field-grown grapevines. Am J Enol Vitic 58:173–181
Williams LE, Matthews MA (1990) Grapevines. In: Stewart BA, Nielsen DR (eds) Agronomy monograph #30 irrigation of agricultural crops. ASA-CSSA-SSSA Publishers, Madison, Wisconsin, pp 1019–1055
Williams LE, Trout TJ (2005) Relationships among vine and soil based measures of water status in a Thompson Seedless vineyard in response to high frequency drip irrigation. Am J Enol Vitic 56:357–366
Williams LE, Dokoozlian NK, Wample RL (1994) Grape. In: Shaffer B, Anderson PC (eds) Handbook of environmental physiology of fruit crops. Volume 1. Temperate crops. CRC Press, Orlando, Florida, pp 83–133
Williams LE, Phene CJ, Grimes DW, Trout TJ (2003a) Water use of young Thompson Seedless grapevines in California. Irrig Sci 22:1–9
Williams LE, Phene CJ, Grimes DW, Trout TJ (2003b) Water use of mature Thompson Seedless grapevines in California. Irrig Sci 22:11–18
Williams LE, Grimes DW, Phene CJ (2009) The effects of applied water amounts at various fractions of measured evapotranspiration on reproductive growth and water productivity of Thompson Seedless grapevines. Irrig Sci. doi:10.1007/s00271-009-0173-0