The effect of zooxanthellae availability on the rates of skeletal growth in the Red Sea coral Acropora hemprichii

Al-Hammady, M.A.M., 2011. Patterns of bleaching and fertility in the two Red Sea corals Stylophora pistillata and Acropora humilis as biomonitors of environmental impacts, Scie. Facu., Assiut unive., p. 482. Al-Horani, 2005, Spatial distribution of calcification and photosynthesis in the scleractinian coral Galaxea fascicularis, Coral Reefs, 24, 173, 10.1007/s00338-004-0461-3 Allemand, 1998, Mechanisms of carbon acquisition for endosymbiont photosynthesis in Anthozoa, Can. J. Bot., 76, 925 Ammar, 2004, Zonation of coral communities and environmental sensitivity offshore a resort site at Marsa Alam, Red Sea, Egypt, Egypt. J. Zool., 42 Ammar, 2011, Corals differential susceptibilities to bleaching along the Red Sea Coast, Egypt, Bioscience, 3, 73 Ammar, M.S.A., Obuid-Allah, A.H., Al-Hammady, M.A.M., 2012. Coral growth and skeletal densities in relation to environmental impacts. In: INOC-CNRS, International Conference on Land-Sea Interactions in the Coastal Zone Jounieh – LEBANON, 06–08. Anthony, 2000, Shifting roles of heterotrophy and autotrophy in coral energetics under varying turbidity, J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol., 252, 221, 10.1016/S0022-0981(00)00237-9 Barnes, 1980, Diurnal and seasonal variations in the growth of a staghorn coral measured by time lapse photography, Limnol. Oceanogr., 25, 1113, 10.4319/lo.1980.25.6.1113 Barnes, 1990, Calcification and photosynthesis in reef-building corals and algae, 109 Brown, 1997, Coral bleaching: causes and consequences, Coral Reefs, 16, 129, 10.1007/s003380050249 Celliers, 2002, Coral bleaching on high-latitude marginal reef at Soswana Bay, South Africa, Mar. Pollut. Bull., 44, 1380, 10.1016/S0025-326X(02)00302-8 Chalker, 1975, Light-enhanced calcification, and the role of oxidative phosphorylation in calcification of the coral Acropora cervicornis, Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci., 190, 323, 10.1098/rspb.1975.0096 Drew, 1972, The biology and physiology of algal-invertebrates symbiosis II. The density of algal cells in a number of hermatypic hard coral and alcyonarians from various depth, J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol., 9, 71, 10.1016/0022-0981(72)90008-1 Dustan, 1999, Coral reefs under stress: sources of mortality in the Florida Keys, Nat. Resour., 23, 147 Fagoonee, 1999, The dynamics of zooxanthellae populations: a long-term study in the field, Science, 283, 843, 10.1126/science.283.5403.843 Falkowski, 1981, Light-shade adaptation of Stylophora pistillata, a hermatypic coral from the Gulf of Eilat, Nature, 289, 172, 10.1038/289172a0 Falkowski, 1984, Light and bioenergetics of a symbiotic coral, Bioscience, 11, 705, 10.2307/1309663 Fitt, 2009, Response of two species of Indo-Pacific corals, Porites cylindrica and Stylophora pistillata to short-term thermal stress: the host does matter in determining the tolerance of corals to bleaching, J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol., 373, 102, 10.1016/j.jembe.2009.03.011 Furla, 2000, Involvement of H+ ATPase and carbonic anhydrase in inorganic carbon uptake for endosymbiont photosynthesis, J. Am. Physiol., 278, 870 Gattuso, 1999, Photosynthesis and calcification at cellular, organismal and community levels in coral reefs: a review on interaction and control by carbonate chemistry, Am. Zool., 39, 160, 10.1093/icb/39.1.160 Glynn, 2001, A collection of studies on the effects of the 1997–98 El Niño–Southern Oscillation events on corals and coral reefs in the eastern tropical Pacific — Preface, Bull. Mar. Sci., 69, 1 Goreau, 1959, The physiology of skeleton formation in corals. A method for measuring the rate of calcium deposition by corals under different conditions, Biol. Bull., 116, 59, 10.2307/1539156 Hoegh-Gulberg, 1989, Influence of the population density of zooxanthellae and the supply of ammonium on the biomass and metabolic characteristics of the reef corals Seriatopora hystrix and Stylophora pistillata, Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 57, 173, 10.3354/meps057173 Hoegh-Guldberg, 1999, Climate change, coral bleaching and the future of the world’s coral reefs, Mar. Freshw. Res., 50, 839, 10.1071/MF99078 Hoegh-Guldberg, 1989, The effect of sudden changes in temperature, irradiance and salinity on the population density and export of zooxanthellae from the reef corals, Stylophora bistillata and Seriatopora hystrix, J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol., 129, 279, 10.1016/0022-0981(89)90109-3 Houlbre‘que, 2003, Effect of zooplankton availability on the rates of photosynthesis, and tissue and skeletal growth in the scleractinian coral Stylophora pistillata, J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol., 296, 145, 10.1016/S0022-0981(03)00259-4 Johannes, 1970, A method for determining coral tissue biomass and composition, Limnol. Oceanogr., 15, 822, 10.4319/lo.1970.15.5.0822 Loya, 2001, Coral bleaching: the winners and the losers, Ecol. Lett., 4, 122, 10.1046/j.1461-0248.2001.00203.x Marshall, 2000, Bleaching of corals on the Great Barrier Reef: differential susceptibilities among taxa, Coral Reefs, 19, 155, 10.1007/s003380000086 Mc Field, 1999, Coral response during and after mass bleaching in Belize, Mar. Sci. Bull., 64, 155 McCloskey, L.R., Muscatine, L., 1984. Reproduction and Respiration in the Red Sea Coral Stylophora pistillata as a Function of Depth. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 22 August 1984 vol. 222no. 1227 215–230 (Published online August 22, 1984 doi: 10.1098/rspb.1984.0060). Muller-Parker, G., D’ Elia, C.F., 1997. Interactions between corals and their symbiotic algae. In: Birkeland C. (Ed.), Life and Death of Coral Reefs. Chapman and Hall, New York, pp. 96–113. Muscatine, L., 1990. The role of symbiotic algae in carbon and energy flux in reef corals. In: Dubinsky, Z. (Ed.), Ecosystems of the World. Coral Reefs, 75–87. Muscatine, 1977, Reef corals: mutualistic symbioses adapted to nutrient – poor environments, Biol. Sci., 27, 454 Obura, 2009, Reef corals bleach to resist stress, Mar. Pollut. Bull., 58, 206, 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2008.10.002 Papina, 2003, Symbiotic zooxanthellae provide the host-coral Montipora digitata with polyunsaturated fatty acids, Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B, 135, 533, 10.1016/S1096-4959(03)00118-0 Pearse, 1971, Role of symbiotic algae (zooxanthellae) in coral calcification, Biol. Bull., 141, 350, 10.2307/1540123 Porter, 1984, Primary production and photoadaptation in light and shad adapted colonies of symbiosis coral, Stylophora bistillata, Proc. R Soc London B, 222, 161, 10.1098/rspb.1984.0057 Ralph, 2002, Spatial hetero-geneity in active chlorophyll fluorescence and PSII activity of coral tissues, Mar. Biol., 141, 639, 10.1007/s00227-002-0866-x Richmond, R.H., 1997. Reproduction and recruitment in corals. In: Bir Birkeland C (Ed.), Life and Death of Coral Reefs, Chapman and Hall, New York, pp. 175–197. Stambler, 1991, Effects of nutrient enrichment and water motion on the coral Pocillopora damicornis, Pac. Sci., 45, 299 Stone, 1999, Mass coral reef bleaching: a recent outcome of increased El Nino activity, Ecol. Lett., 2, 325, 10.1046/j.1461-0248.1999.00092.x Swanson, 1998, The assimilation of ammonium by the symbiotic sea anemone Aiptasia pulchella, Mar. Biol., 131, 83, 10.1007/s002270050299 Szmant, 1990, The effect of prolonged bleaching on the tissue biomass and reproduction of the reef coral Montastrea annularis, Coral Reefs, 8, 217, 10.1007/BF00265014 Trench, 1979, The cell biology of plant animal symbioses, Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol., 30, 485, 10.1146/annurev.pp.30.060179.002413 Vine, P., 1986. Red Sea invertebrates. Immel Publishing, Ely House, 37 Dover Street, London WIX 3 RB. Warner, 2002, Seasonal fluctuations in the photosynthetic capacity of photosystem II in symbiotic dinoflagellates in the Caribbean reef-building coral Montastraea, Mar. Biol., 141, 31, 10.1007/s00227-002-0807-8 Wellington, 1982, An experimental analysis of the effects of light and zooplankton on coral zonation, Oecologia, 52, 311, 10.1007/BF00367953 Winters, 2009, Photographic assessment of coral chlorophyll contents: implications for ecophysiological studies and coral monitoring, J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol., 380, 25, 10.1016/j.jembe.2009.09.004 Zar, 1984