The effect of the irrigant QMix on removal of canal wall smear layer: an ex vivo study
Tóm tắt
Từ khóa
Tài liệu tham khảo
McComb D, Smith DC. A preliminary scanning electron microscopic study of root canals after endodontic procedures. J Endod. 1975;1:238–42.
Peters O, Barbakow F. Effects of irrigation on debris and smear layer on canal walls prepared by two rotary techniques: a scanning electron microscopic study. J Endod. 2000;26:6–10.
Mader CL, Baumgartner JC, Peters DD. Scanning electron microscopic investigation of the smeared layer on root canal walls. J Endod. 1984;10:477–83.
Torabinejad M, Handysides R, Khademi AA, Bakland LK. Clinical implications of the smear layer in endodontics: a review. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2002;94:658–66.
Csonstkowsky M, Wilson EG, Holstein FA. The smear layer in endodontics. Dent Clin North Amer. 1990;34:13–25.
Ma J, Wang Z, Shen Y, Haapasalo M. A new noninvasive model to study the effectiveness of dentin disinfection by using confocal laser scanning microscopy. J Endod. 2011;37:1380–5.
Zehnder M, Schmidlin P, Sener B, Waltimo T. Chelation in root canal therapy reconsidered. J Endod. 2005;31:817–20.
Marending M, Paqué F, Fischer J, Zehnder M. Impact of irrigant sequence on mechanical properties of human root dentin. J Endod. 2007;33:1325–8.
Haapasalo M, Shen Y, Qian W, Gao Y. Irrigation in endodontics. Dent Clin North Amer. 2010;54:291–312.
Baumgartner JC, Ibay AC. The chemical reactions of irrigants used for root canal debridement. J Endod. 1987;13:47–51.
Sim TP, Knowles JC, Ng YL, Shelton J, Gulabivala K. Effect of sodium hypochlorite irrigant concentration on strain in teeth. Int Endod J. 2001;34:120–32.
Sum CP, Neo J, Kishen A. What we leave behind in root canals after endodontic treatment: some issues and concerns. Austr Endod J. 2005;31:94–100.
Qian W, Shen Y, Haapasalo M. Quantitative analysis of the effect of irrigant solution sequences on dentin erosion. J Endod. 2011;37:1437–41.
Niu W, Yoshioka T, Kobayashi C, Suda H. A scanning electron microscopic study of dentinal erosion by final irrigation with EDTA and NaOCl solutions. Int Endod J. 2002;35:934–9.
Basrani B, Santos JM, Tjäderhane L, Grad H, Gorduysus O, Huang J, Lawrence HP, Friedman S. Substantive antimicrobial activity in chlorhexidine-treated human root dentin. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2002;94:240–5.
Basrani B, Tjäderhane L, Santos JM, Pascon E, Grad H, Lawrence HP, Friedman S. Efficacy of chlorhexidine- and calcium hydroxide-containing medicaments against Enterococcus faecalis in vitro. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2003;96:618–24.
Gomes BP, Souza SF, Ferraz CC, Teixeira FB, Zaia AA, Valdrighi L, Souza-Filho FJ. Effectiveness of 2 % chlorhexidine gel and calcium hydroxide against Enterococcus faecalis in bovine root dentine in vitro. Int Endod J. 2003;36:267–75.
Zamany A, Safavi K, Spangberg LS. The effect of chlorhexidine as an endodontic disinfectant. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2003;96:78–81.
Baca P, Junco P, Arias-Moliz MT, González-Rodríguez MP, Ferrer-Luque CM. Residual and antimicrobial activity of final irrigation regimens on Enterococcus faecalis-infected root canals. J Endod. 2011;37:1121–3.
Basrani BR, Manek S, Mathers D, Fillery E, Sodhi RNS. Determination of 4-chloroaniline and its derivatives formed in the interaction of sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine by using gas chromatography. J Endod. 2010;36:312–4.
Thomas JE, Sem DS. An in vitro spectroscopic analysis to determine whether para-chloroaniline is produced from mixing sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine. J Endod. 2010;36:315–7.
Krishnamurthy S, Sudhakaran S. Evaluation and prevention of the precipitate formed on interaction between sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine. J Endod. 2010;36:1154–7.
Nowicki JB, Sen DS. An in vitro spectroscopic analysis to determine the chemical composition of precipitate formed by mixing sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine. J Endod. 2011;37:983–8.
Basrani BR, Manek S, Sodhi RNS, Fillery E, Manzur A. Interaction between sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine gluconate. J Endod. 2007;33:966–9.
Dai L, Khechen K, Khan S, Gillen B, Loushine BA, Wimmer CE, et al. The effect of QMix, an experimental antibacterial root canal irrigant, on removal of canal wall smear layer and debris. J Endod. 2011;37:80–4.
Hülsmann M, Rümmelin C, Schäfers F. Root canal cleanliness after preparation with different endodontic handpieces and hand instruments: a comparative SEM investigation. J Endod. 1997;23:301–6.
Portney LG, Watkins MP. Foundations of Clinical Research. Nowak: Appleton and Lange. 1993; p. 357, 435–36.
Friedman M. A comparison of alternative tests of significance for the problem of rankings. Ann Math Stat. 1940;11:86–92.
Gaito J. Measurement scales and statistics: resurgence of an old misconception. Psycologic Bull. 1980;83:564–7.
Hasselkus BR, Safrit MJ. Measurement in occupational therapy. The Am J Occupat Therapy. 1976;30:429–36.
Goldman M, Goldman L, Cavaleri R, Bogis J, Lin P. The efficacy of several endodontic irrigating solutions: a scanning electron microscopic study: part 2. J Endod. 1982;8:487–92.
Yamada RS, Armas A, Goldman M, Lin PS. A scanning electron microscopic comparison of a high volume flush with several irrigating solutions: part 3. J Endod. 1983;9:137–42.
White RR, Goldman M, Lin PS. The influence of the smeared layer upon dentinal tubule penetration by plastic filling materials. J Endod. 1984;10:558–62.
Baumgartner JC, Mader CL. A scanning electron microscope evaluation of four root canal irrigation regimes. J Endod. 1987;13:147–57.
Sobhani OE, Gulabivala K, Knowles JC, Ng YL. The effect of irrigation time, root morphology and dentine thickness on tooth surface strain when using 5 % sodium hypochlorite and 17 % EDTA. Int Endod J. 2010;43:190–9.
Rajasingham R, Ng YL, Knowles JC, Gulabivala K. The effect of sodium hypochlorite and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid irrigation, individually and in alternation, on tooth surface strain. Int Endod J. 2010;43:31–40.
Grawehr M, Sener B, Wltimo T, Zehnder M. Interactions of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid with sodium hypochlorite in aqueous solutions. Int Endod J. 2003;36:411–5.
Gao Y, Haapasalo M, Shen Y, Gao Y. Development and validation of a three-dimensional fluid dynamics model of root canal irrigation. J Endod. 2010;35:1282–7.
Shen Y, Gao Y, Qian W, Ruse ND, Zhou X, Wu H, Haapasalo M. Three-dimensional numeric simulation of root canal irrigant flow with different irrigation needles. J Endod. 2010;36:884–9.
Pashley DH. Pulpodentin complex. In: Hargreaves KM, Goodis HE, editors. Seltzer and Bender’s Dental Pulp. Chicago, USA: Quintessence Publishing; 2002. pp. 63–94.
Paqué F, Luder HU, Sener B, et al. Tubular sclerosis rather than the smear layer impedes dye penetration into the dentin of endodontically instrumented root canals. Int Endod J. 2006;39:18–25.
Vasililadis L, Darling AI, Levers BG. The amount and distribution of sclerotic human root dentin. Arch Oral Biol. 1983;28:645–9.
Lottanti S, Gautschi H, Sener B, Zehnder M. Effects of ethylenediaminetetraacetic, etidronic, and peracetic acid irrigation on human root dentine and the smear layer. Int Endod J. 2009;42:335–43.
Safavi KE, Spångberg LS, Langeland K. Root canal dentinal tubule disinfection. J Endod. 1990;16:207–10.
Sen BH, Wesselink PR, Türkün M. The smear layer: a phenomenon in root canal therapy. Int Endod J. 1995;28:141–8.
Peters LB, Wesselink PR, Moorer WR. The fate and the role of bacteria left in root dentinal tubules. Int Endod J. 1995;28:95–9.
Peters LB, Wesselink PR, Buijs JF, van Winkelhoff AJ. Viable bacterial in root dentinal tubules of teeth with apical periodontitis. J Endod. 2001;27:76–81.
Buck RA, Eleazer PD, Staat RH, Sheetz JP. Effectiveness of three endodontic irrigants at various tubular depth in human dentin. J Endod. 2001;27:206–8.
Weiger R, de Lucena J, Decker HE, Löst C. Vitality status of microorganisms in infected human root dentine. Int Endod J. 2002;35:166–71.
Love RM, Jenkinson HF. Invasion of dentinal tubules by oral bacteria. Crit Rev Oral Biol Med. 2002;13:171–83.
Silva PV, Guedes DFC, Nakad FV, Pécora JD, Druz-Filho AM. Chitosan: a new solution for removal of smear layer after root canal instrumentation. Int Endod J. 2012;. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2591.2012.02119.x .
Cengiz T, Aktener BO, Pişkin B. The effect of dentinal tubule orientation on the removal of smear layer by root canal irrigants. A scanning electron microscopic study. Int Endod J. 1990;23:163–71.
Gutmann JL. Adaptation of injected thermoplasticized gutta-percha in the absence of the dentinal smear layer. Int Endod J. 1993;26:87–92.
Pallarés A, Faus V, Glickman GN. The adaptation of mechanically softened gutta-percha to the canal walls in the presence or absence of smear layer: a scanning electron microscopic study. Int Endod J. 1995;28:266–9.
Leiendecker AP, Qi YP, Sawyer AN, Niu LN, Agee KA, Loushine RJ, Weller RN, Pashley DH, Tay FR. Effects of calcium silicate-based materials on collagen matrix integrity of mineralized dentin. J Endod. 2012;38:829–33.
Sawyer AN, Nikonov SY, Pancio AK, Niu LN, Agee KA, Loushine RJ, Weller RN, Pashley DH, Tay FR. Effects of calcium silicate-based materials on the flexural properties of dentin. J Endod. 2012;38:680–3.
Ordinola-Zapata R, Bramante CM, Brandão Garcia R, Bombarda Andrade R, Bernardineli N, Gomes Moraes I, Duarte MAH. The antimicrobial effect of new and conventional endodontic irrigants on intra-orally infected dentin. Acta Odontol Scand. 2012;. doi: 10.3109/00016357.2012.690531 .