National Institute of Communicable Diseases. Schistosomiasis FAQ document. National Institiute of Communicable diseases. [Online] 23 Nov 2018. www.nicd.ac.za/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/schistosomiasis.
Global Atlas of Helminths Infections. Distribution of soil transmitted helminths survey data and average district level prevalence. Global Atlas of Helminth Infections. [Online] 29 March 2017. www.thiswormyworld.org.
Molvik M, Helland E, Zulu S, Kleppa E, Lillebo K, et al. Coinfection with schistosoma haematobium and soil-transmitted helminths in rural South Africa. S Afr J Sci. 2017;113(3):1–6.
Munŏz-Antoli C, Parỏn A, Pérez P, Toledo R, Estenban J. Soil-transmitted helminth infections in school children in Laguna de Parlas (Nicaragua). J Trop Pediatr. 2017;63(2):124–34. https://doi.org/10.1093/tropezj/fmw061.
Ezeamama A, Bustinduy A, Nkwata A, Martinez L, Pabalan N, Boivin M, King C. Cognitive deficits and educational loss in children with schistosome infection—a systematic review and meta-analysis. PloS Negl Trop Dis. 2018;21(2):e0005524. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0005524.
Stoltzfus R, Kvalsvig J, Chwaya H. Effects of iron supplementation and anthelmintic treatment on motor and language development of preschool children in Zanzibar:double blind, placibo controlled study. BMJ. 2004;323:1389.
Dellis AM. The behaviour and development of infants with iron deficiency anaemia: systematic observation of 9-month Pemban caregiver infant dyads [PhD Thesis]. Durban: University of KwaZulu Natal, 2010.
Pabalan N, Singian E, Tabangay L, Jarjanazi H, Boivin JM, Ezeamama EA, Budke C. Soil-transmitted helminth infection, loss of education and cognitive impairment in school-aged children: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Plos Negl Trop Dis. 2018;12(1):e0005523. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0005523.
Van der Merwe A, Le Roux M. Idiosyncratic sound systems of the South African Bantu languages: research and clinical implications for speech-language pathologists and Audiologists. S Afr J Commun Disord. 2014;61(1).
Keet M, Khumalo L. Grammar rules for the isiZulu complex verb. S Afr Linguist Appl Lang Stud. 2016;35(2).
Potgieter A. Lexical and grammatical development in trilingual speakers of isiXhosa, English and Afrikaans. S Afri J Commun Disord. 2016;61(1).
Gonasillan A, Bornman J, Harty M. Vocabulary used by ethno-linguistically diverse South African toddlers: a parent report using the language development survey. S Afr J Commun Disord. 2013;60:5–10 (PMID: 25158367).
Phillips L. Handbook of language and literacy development: a roadmap from 0–60 months. Canadian language and literacy research network. 2008 [Online]. [Cited: 19 07 2020.] the roadmap.ualberta.ca on.
Bowen C. Brown's Stages of Syntactic and Morphological Development. Speech-language- therapy.com. [Online] 09 Nov 2019. [Cited: 19 July 2020] 2019; https://www.speech-language-therapy.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=33:brown&catid=2:uncategorised&Itemid=117.
Wildscut Z, Moodley T, Aronstam S. The baseline assessment of grade 1 learners literacy skills i a socio-economically disadvantaged school setting. S Afr J Child Educ. 2016;6(1):a340.
Daws A, Biersteker L, Girdwood E, Snellng M, Tredaux C. Early learning assessment innovation in South Africa: a locally appropriate monitoring tool. Child Educ. 2018;94(1):12–6.
Gurger L, Vidor D, Joly M, Reppold C. Risk factors for proper oral language development in children: a systematic literature review. CODAS. 2014;26(5):350–6. https://doi.org/10.1590/2317-1782/20142014070.
Harison L, McLeod S. Risk and protective factors associated with speech and language impairment in a nationally representative sample of 4–5 year old children. J Sp Lang Hear Res. 2010;53(2):508–29.
Statistics South Africa. Overcoming Porvety and inequality in South Africa. Overcoming Porvety and inequality in South Africa: an assessment of drivers, constraints & opportunities. [Online] March 2018. [Cited: 20 07 2020.] https://www.statssa.gov.za/wp-content/themes/umkhanyakude/documents/South_Africa_Poverty_and_Inequality_Assessment_Report_2018.pdf.
Kabuyaya M, Chimbari M. Efficacy of praziquantel on Schistosoma haematobium and re-infection rates among school-going children in the Ndumo area of uMkhanyakude district, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Infect Dis Poverty. 2017;6(1):83.
Sacolo-Gwebu H, Chimbari M, Kalinda C. Prevalence and risk factors of schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiases among preschool aged children (1–5 years) in rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa: a cross-sectional study. Infect Dis Poverty. 2019;8(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40249-019-0561-5.
Mott KE, Baltes R. Field studies of a reusable polyamide filter for detection of Schistosoma haematobium eggs by urine filtration. Ropenmed Parasit. 1982;33:227–8.
Katz N, Chaves A, Pallegrino J. A simple device for quantitative stool thick-smear technique in Schistosomiasis mansoni. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo. 1972;14(6). PMID:4675644.
World Health Organisation. “Haemoglobin Concentrations for the Diagnosis of Anaemia and Assessment of Severity.” Geneva: World Health organisation. 2011. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/vmnis/indicators/haemoglobin/en/.
Kvalsvig JD, Govender K, Taylor M. Research on the age validation of NELDS related to the cognitive development of children between 0 and 4 years of ages. Pretoria: UNICEF and the Department of Education. 2009.
Palla F, LeBel S, Chavernac D. New technologies: mobile data collection system implication for wildlife management in central Africa. In: Sist P, Carriere S, Parolin P, Forget P. editors, Tropical ecology and society reconciliating conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity. Montpellier: France: Association for topical biology and Conservation (ATBC). 2016.
Malmberg KJ, Raaijmakers JGW, Shiffrin RM. 50 years of research sparked by Atkinson & Shiffrin (1968). Memory and Cognition. 2019; pp. 561–574.
Vygotsky LS (1978). Mind in Society: Development of higher psychological processes. In: Cole M et al. (eds) (1995). Cambridge, MA: Havard University Press.
Prathanee B, Thinkhamrop B, Dechongkit S. Factors associated with specific language impairment and later language development during early life: a literature review. Clin Pediatr (Phila). 2017;46(1):979.
Tsai C, Chen V, Yang Y, et al. The association between mycoplasma pneumonia infection and speech & language imparement: a nationwide population based study in Taiwan. PLoS ONE. 2017;12(7):e20180402.
Geata L, Brydges C. An examination of effect sizes and statistical power in speech, language and hearing research. JSLHR. 2020;63(5):1572–80. https://doi.org/10.1044/2020-JSLHR-19-00299.
Clark E. How language acquisition builds on cognitive development. Trends Cogn Sci. 2004;8(10):472–8.
Engle R, Tuholski S, Laughlin J, et al. Working memory, short term memory and general fluid intelligence: a latent-variable approach. J Exp Psychol. 1999;128(3):309–31.
Kowialiewski B, Majerus S. Verbal working memory and linguistic long-term memory: exploring the lexical cohort effect. Memory Cogn. 2019;47:997–1011. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13421-019-00898-5.
Acheson D, Hamidi M, Binder J, Postle B. A common neural substrate for language production and verbal working memory. J Cogn Neurosci. 2011;23(6):1358–67.
Lukowski A, Koss M, Burden M, Jonides J, Nelson C, Kaciroti N, et al. Iron deficiency in infancy and neurocognitive functioning at 19 years: evidence of long-term deficits in executive function and recognition memory. Nutri Neurosci. 2010;13(2):54–70.
Zulu S, Ekjetland S, Gundersen S, Taylor M. Prevalence and intensity of neglected tropical diseases (Schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminths) amongst rural female pupils in Ugu district, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. S Afr J Infect Dis. 2020;35(1):123. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajid.v35i1.123.
Spencer S, Karosi A, Laye S, Shukitt-Hale B, Barrientos R. Food for thought: how nutrition impacts cognition and emotion. NPJ Sci Food. 2017;1(7):e1038.
Gwetu T, Taylor M, Chhagan M, Kauchali S, Craib M. Health and education achievement of school aged children: the impact of aneamia and iron status on learning. J Interdiscip Health Sci. 2019;24.