The effect of salvage logging on surface fuel loads and fuel moisture in beetle-infested lodgepole pine forests
Tài liệu tham khảo
Arduino, 2016. <http://www.arduino.cc/>.
Bates, 2015, Fitting linear mixed-effects models using lme4, J. Stat. Softw., 67, 1, 10.18637/jss.v067.i01
Battaglia, 2010, Surface fuel loadings within mulching treatments in Colorado coniferous forests, For. Ecol. Manage., 260, 1557, 10.1016/j.foreco.2010.08.004
Brown, 1974, Handbook for inventorying downed woody material
Brown, 1975, Fire cycles and community dynamics in lodgepole pine forests, 429
Carlson, 1997, Microclimate of clear-cut, forest interior, and small openings in trembling aspen forest, Agric. For. Meteorol., 87, 313, 10.1016/S0168-1923(95)02305-4
Collins, 2012, The effects of bark beetle outbreaks on forest development, fuel loads and potential fire behavior in salvage logged and untreated lodgepole pine forests, For. Ecol. Manage., 284, 260, 10.1016/j.foreco.2012.07.027
Collins, 2011, Tree regeneration and future stand development after bark beetle infestation and harvesting in Colorado lodgepole pine stands, For. Ecol. Manage., 261, 2168, 10.1016/j.foreco.2011.03.016
Donato, 2006, Post-wildfire logging hinders regeneration and increases fire risk, Science, 311, 352, 10.1126/science.1122855
Estes, 2012, Seasonal variation in surface fuel moisture between forest structure treatments in a mixed conifer forest, Northern California, USA. Int. J. Wildland Fire., 21, 428, 10.1071/WF11056
Evans, 2009, From renewable energy to fire risk reduction: a synthesis of biomass havesting and utilization case studies in US forests, GCB Bioenergy, 10.1111/j.1757-1707.2009.01013.x
Fahnestock, G.R., 1960. Logging slash flammability. Res. Pap. 58 [Pre-1963]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Ogden, UT, 70 p.
Fahnestock, G.R., Dieterich, J.H., 1962. Logging slash flammability after five years. Res. Pap. 70 [Pre 1963]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Ogden, UT, 15 p.
Giardina, 2001, Clear cutting and burning affect nitrogen supply, phosphorus fractions and seedling growth in soils from a Wyoming lodgepole pine forest, For. Ecol. Manage., 140, 19, 10.1016/S0378-1127(00)00272-3
Glitzenstein, 2006, Fuels and fire behavior in chipped and unchipped plots: implications for land management near the wildland/urban interface, For. Ecol. Manage., 236, 18, 10.1016/j.foreco.2006.06.002
Gotelli, 2004
Griffin, 2013, Salvage harvest effects on advance tree regeneration, soil nitrogen, and fuels following mountain pine beetle outbreak in lodgepole pine, For. Ecol. Manage., 291, 228, 10.1016/j.foreco.2012.11.029
Harvey, 2014, Recent mountain pine beetle outbreaks, wildfire severity, and postfire tree regeneration in the US Northern Rockies, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 111, 15120, 10.1073/pnas.1411346111
Hicke, 2012, Effects of bark beetle-caused tree mortality on wildfire, For. Ecol. Manage., 271, 81, 10.1016/j.foreco.2012.02.005
Holdsworth, 1997, Fire in Amazonian selectively logged rain forest and the potential for fire reduction, Ecol. Appl., 7, 713, 10.1890/1051-0761(1997)007[0713:FIASLR]2.0.CO;2
Hothorn, 2008, Simultaneous inference in general parametric models, Biometrical J., 50, 346, 10.1002/bimj.200810425
Hyde, 2011, The combustion of sound and rotten coarse woody debris: a review, Int. J. Wildland Fire, 20, 163, 10.1071/WF09113
Jenkins, 2008, Bark beetles, fuels, fires and implications for forest management in the Intermountain West, For. Ecol. Manage., 254, 16, 10.1016/j.foreco.2007.09.045
Keane, 2015
Koo, 2010, Firebrands and spotting ignition in large-scale fires, Int. J. Wildland Fire., 19, 818, 10.1071/WF07119
Londo, 1999, Forest harvesting effects on soil temperature, moisture, and respiration in a bottomland hardwood forest, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 63, 637, 10.2136/sssaj1999.03615995006300030029x
Lynch, 2008, A spatiotemporal Ripley’s K-function to analyze interactions between spruce budworm and fire in British Columbia, Canada, Can. J. For. Res., 38, 3112, 10.1139/X08-143
Maser, C., Anderson, R.G., Cromack Jr., K., Williams, J.T., Martin, R.E., 1979. Dead and down woody material. In: Thomas, J.W. (Ed.), Wildlife Habitats in Managed Forests: The Blue Mountains of Oregon and Washington USDA Agricultural Handbook Number 553. USDA, pp. 78–85.
Matthews, 2013, Dead fuel moisture research: 1991–2012, Int. J. Wildland Fire., 23, 78, 10.1071/WF13005
McGinnis, 2010, Fuel buildup and potential fire behavior after stand-replacing fires, logging fire-killed trees and herbicide shrub removal in Sierra Nevada forests, For. Ecol. Manage., 260, 22, 10.1016/j.foreco.2010.03.026
McIver, 2007, Fuel mass and stand structure after post-fire logging of a severely burned ponderosa pine forest in northeastern Oregon, For. Ecol. Manage., 238, 268, 10.1016/j.foreco.2006.10.021
Monteith, 1990
Natural Resources Conservation Service, 2016. National Water and Climate Center, SNOTEL Site Rawah (1032) (accessed 01/2016).
Nelson, 2014, Predictors of bark beetle activity and scale-dependent spatial heterogeneity change during the course of an outbreak in a subalpine forest, Landscape Ecol., 29, 97, 10.1007/s10980-013-9954-1
Page, 2007, Predicted fire behavior in selected mountain pine beetle-infested lodgepole pine, Forest Sci., 53, 662
Pinheiro, 2000
Pyne, 1996
Quinn, 2002
R Core Team, 2015. R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. <http://www.R-project.org/>.
Ray, 2005, Micrometeorological and canopy controls of fire susceptibility in a forested Amazon landscape, Ecol. Appl., 15, 1664, 10.1890/05-0404
Rhoades, 2016, A decade of streamwater nitrogen and forest dynamics after a mountain pine beetle outbreak at the Fraser Experimental Forest, Colorado, Ecosystems, 1
Rothermel, R.C., 1972. A Mathematical Model for Predicting Fire Spread in Wildland Fuels. Research Paper INT-115. USDA Forest Service, Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Ogden, UT.
Scott, J.H., Burgan, R.E., 2005. Standard Fire Behavior Fuel Models: A Comprehensive Set for Use with Rothermel’s Surface Fire Spread Model. General Technical Report RMRS-GTR-153 (June), pp. 1–80.
Simard, A.J., 1968. The moisture content of forest fuels. I. A review of the basic concepts. For. Fire. Res. Inst. Inform. Rep. FF-X-14, Ottawa, Ont, 46 p.
Simard, 2011, Do mountain pine beetle outbreaks change the probability of active crown fire in lodgepole pine forests?, Ecol. Monogr., 81, 3, 10.1890/10-1176.1
Stoffel, 2010, Effects of winter selective tree harvest on soil microclimate and surface CO2 flux of a northern hardwood forest, For. Ecol. Manage., 259, 257, 10.1016/j.foreco.2009.10.004
Swift, 1993, Site preparation burning to improve southern Appalachian pine–hardwood stands: fire characteristics and soil erosion, moisture, and temperature, Can. J. For. Res., 1993, 2242, 10.1139/x93-278
Tinker, 2000, Coarse woody debris following fire and logging in Wyoming lodgepole pine forests, Ecosystems, 3, 472, 10.1007/s100210000041
Uhl, 1990, Deforestation, fire susceptibility, and potential tree responses to fire in the eastern Amazon, Ecology, 71, 437, 10.2307/1940299
Viney, 1991, A review of fine fuel moisture modelling, Int. J. Wildland Fire., 1, 215, 10.1071/WF9910215
Zuur, A., Ieno, E., Walker, N., Saveliev, A., Smith, G., 2009. Mixed effects models and extensions in ecology with R. In: Gail, M., Krickeberg, K., Samet, J.M., Tsiatis, A., Wong, W. (Eds.), New York, NY: Springer.
