The effect of irrigation strategies and nitrogen fertilizer rates on maize growth and grain yield

Springer Science and Business Media LLC - Tập 38 - Trang 461-478 - 2020
María I. Zamora-Re1, M. D. Dukes1, D. Hensley2, D. Rowland2, W. Graham1
1Agricultural and Biological Engineering Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
2Agronomy Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA

Tóm tắt

In North Florida, increasing nitrogen loads and water quality declines have become a major concern, in part as result of anthropogenic non-point source activities such as agriculture. The main objective of this study was to investigate the effect of irrigation strategies and nitrogen (N) fertility rates on maize biomass, yield and water productivity in sandy soils. The field experiment was conducted 2015–2017 in Live Oak, Florida using a randomized complete block with a split plot design and four replicates. Treatments evaluated five irrigation strategies: (i) GROW, mimicking grower irrigation practices in the region, (ii) SWB, using a soil water balance to schedule irrigation; (iii) SMS, using soil moisture sensors to schedule irrigation; (iv) RED, applying 60% of the GROW treatment; and (v) NON, non-irrigated, and three N fertility rates: (i) low (157 kg N/ha), (ii) medium (247 kg N/ha), and (iii) high (336 kg N/ha). In comparison to GROW, the SWB, SMS and RED irrigation treatments showed no differences in final biomass, N uptake nor grain yield; however, these treatments achieved on average 41, 47, and 36% irrigation reduction, respectively, without impacts on yield during the three maize seasons evaluated. For most of the variables, statistical differences were found between the low and the high N rates, but no differences compared to the medium N rate. A 26% reduction of N fertilizer was achieved using the medium N rate without negative impact on N uptake, biomass nor yield in comparison to the high N fertilization rate. During this experiment, maize N uptake reached a plateau; thus, potential N losses resulted from applications exceeding recommended rates. Furthermore, the implementation of these more efficient irrigation and N fertilizer management strategies reduced irrigation and N fertilizer applications without negative impacts in yield. Thus, these practices may prevent potential N leaching to waterbodies while improving profits.

Tài liệu tham khảo

Allen R, Pereira LS, Raes D, Smith M (1998a) Chapter 2 - FAO penman-Monteith equation Crop evapotranspiration - guidelines for computing crop water requirements - FAO irrigation and drainage paper. FAO, Rome Allen RG, Pereira LS, Raes D, Smith M (1998b) Crop evapotranspiration: guidelines for computing crop water requirements-FAO irrigation and drainage paper 56. FAO Irrigation and Drainage 1:326 Allen RG, Willardson LS, Frederiksen H (1997) Water use definitions and their use for assessing the impacts of water. Conservation sustainability irrigation in areas of water scarcity and drought. FAO Irrigat Draina 23:8 Andraski TW, Bundy LG, Brye KR (2000) Crop management and corn nitrogen rate effects on nitrate leaching. J Environ Q 29:1095–1103 Angel JR, Widhalm M, Todey D, Massey R, Biehl L (2017) The U2U corn growing degree day tool: Tracking corn growth across the US Corn Belt. Climate Risk Management 15:73–81 Arthur JD, Wood AR, Baker AE, Cichon JR, Raines GL (2007) Development and implementation of a Bayesian-based aquifer vulnerability assessment in Florida. Nat Resour Res 16:93–107 Attia A, Shapiro C, Kranz W, Mamo M, Mainz M (2015) Improved yield and nitrogen use efficiency of corn following soybean in irrigated sandy loams. Soil Sci Soc Am J 79:1693–1703 Baker RF, Leach KA, Boyer NR, Swyers MJ, Benitez-Alfonso Y, Skopelitis T, Luo A, Sylvester A, Jackson D, Braun DM (2016) Sucrose transporter ZmSut1 expression and localization uncover new insights into sucrose phloem loading. Plant Physiol 172:1876–1898 Cakir R (2004) Effect of water stress at different development stages on vegetative and reproductive growth of corn. Field Crops Res 89:1–16 Casey FXM, Derby N, Knighton RE, Steele DD, Stegman EC (2002) Initiation of irrigation effects on temporal nitrate leaching. Vzj 1:300–309 Cornic G, Prioul JL, Louason G (1983) Stomatal and non-stomatal contribution in the decline in leaf net CO2 uptake during rapid water stress. Physiol Plantarum 58:295–301 Daynard TB, Duncan WG (1969) The black layer and grain maturity in corn. Crop Sci 9:473–476 Denmead OT, Shaw RH (1960) The effects of soil moisture stress at different stages of growth on the development and yield of corn. Agron J 52:272–274 Derby NE, Steele DD, Terpstra J, Knighton RE, Casey FXM (2005) Interactions of nitrogen, weather, soil, and irrigation on corn yield. Agron J 97:1342–1351 Di Paolo E, Rinaldi M (2008) Yield response of corn to irrigation and nitrogen fertilization in a Mediterranean environment. Field Crops Res 105:202–210 DuPont P (2016) Corn grain: P1498YHR https://www.pioneer.com/home/site/us/products/profile-perf?smo=UDD%2520&productLine=010&productCode=P1498YHR&ts=null&language=01. (Accessed 1 May 2016). Eck HV (1984) Irrigated corn yield response to nitrogen and water. Agron J 76:421–428 Fageria NK, Baligar VC (2005) Enhancing nitrogen use efficiency in crop plants advances in agronomy. Elsevier, Florida, pp 97–185 FAOSTAT (2018). Production of maize: Top ten producers. https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QC/visualize. (Accessed 22 Feb 2019). FAWN (2017). Florida automated weather network: data access https://fawn.ifas.ufl.edu/data/reports/. (Accessed 10 Dec 2017). FDACS (2015) Water quality/quantity best management practices for florida vegetable and agronomic crops. Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Tallahassee Ferguson RB, Shapiro CA, Hergert GW, Kranz WL, Klocke NL, Krull DH (1991) Nitrogen and irrigation management-practices to minimize nitrate leaching from irrigated corn. J Prod Agric 4:186–192 Fischer RA, Byerlee D, Edmeades G (2014) Crop yields and global food security: will yield increase continue to feed the world? Aciar 634:11 Flexas J, Bota J, Loreto F, Cornic G, Sharkey TD (2004) Diffusive and metabolic limitations to photosynthesis under drought and salinity in C3 plants. Plant Biol 6:269–279 Francis DD, Schepers JS, Vigial MF (1993) Post-anthesis nitrogen loss from corn. Agron J 85:659–663 Gallaher RN, Weldon CO, Futral JG (1975) An aluminum block digester for plant and soil analysis 1. Soil Sci Soc Am J 39:803–806 Gehl RJ, Schmidt JP, Maddux LD, Gordon WB (2005a) Corn yield response to nitrogen rate and timing in sandy irrigated soils. Agron J 97:1230–1238 Gehl RJ, Schmidt JP, Stone LR, Schlegel AJ, Clark GA (2005b) In situ measurements of nitrate leaching implicate poor nitrogen and irrigation management on sandy soils. J Environ Qual 34:2243–2254 Gholamhoseini M, AghaAlikhani M, Sanavy SM, Mirlatifi SM (2013) Interactions of irrigation, weed and nitrogen on corn yield, nitrogen use efficiency and nitrate leaching. Agric Water Manage 126:9–18 Gleason SM, Wiggans DR, Bliss CA, Comas LH, Cooper M, DeJonge KC, Young JS, Zhang H (2017) Coordinated decline in photosynthesis and hydraulic conductance during drought stress in Zea mays. Flora 227:1–9 Hambleton LG (1977) Semiautomated method for simultaneous determination of phosphorus, calcium, and crude protein in animal feeds. J Assoc Off Analyt Chem 23:87–125 Hammad HM, Abbas F, Ahmad A, Farhad W, Wilkerson CJ, Hoogenboom G (2018) Evaluation of timing and rates for nitrogen application for optimizing maize growth and development and maximizing yield. Agron J 110:565–571 Hauck RD (1984) Nitrogen in crop production. ASA-CSSA-SSSA, Madison, WI Hernández M, Echarte L, Della Maggiora A, Cambareri M, Barbieri P, Cerrudo D (2015) Maize water use efficiency and evapotranspiration response to N supply under contrasting soil water availability. Field Crops Res 178:8–15 Howell TA (2001) Enhancing water use efficiency in irrigated agriculture. Agron J 93:281–289 I Association (2011) Irrigation. Irrigation Association, VA Jensen ME (1996) Irrigated agriculture at the crossroads. Irrigated agriculture at the crossroads. Sustainability of irrigated agriculture. Springer, Dordrecht, Netherlands, pp 19–33 Katz BG (2004) Sources of nitrate contamination and age of water in large karstic springs of Florida. Environ Geol 46:689–706 Kisekka I, Migliaccio KW, Dukes MD, Schaffer B, Crane JH (2016) Evapotranspiration-Based Irrigation Scheduling for Agriculture (AE457). Inst Food Agri Sci 1:5 Klocke NL, Watts DG, Schneekloth JP, Davison DR, Todd RW, Parkhurst AM (1999) Nitrate leaching in irrigated corn and soybean in a semi-arid climate. Trans ASAE 42:1621–1630 K-State Research and Extension Mobile Irrigation Lab (2014) KanSched. K-State Res Extenation Lab, Kansas Li Y, Tao H, Zhang B, Huang S, Wang P (2018) Timing of water deficit limits maize kernel setting in association with changes in the source-flow-sink relationship. Frontiers 9:1326 Marella RL, Dixon JF (2018) Data tables summarizing the source-specific estimated water withdrawals in Florida by water source, category, county, and water management district. US Geol Survey Data Release 20:18–56 McWilliams DA, Berglund DR, Endres GJ (1999) Corn growth and management quick guide. North Dakota State University and University of Minnesota, North Dakota Mylavarapu R, Wright D, Kidder G (2015) UF/IFAS Standardized Fertilization Recommendations for Agronomic Crops (SL129). Univer Florida Inst Food Agri Sci. 1:8 NeSmith DS, Ritchie JT (1992) Short-term and long-term responses of corn to a preanthesis soil-water deficit. Agron J 84:107–113 Ogola JBO, Wheeler TR, Harris PM (2002) Effects of nitrogen and irrigation on water use of maize crops. Field Crops Res 78:105–117 Payero JO, Tarkalson DD, Irmak S, Davison D, Petersen JL (2008) Effect of irrigation amounts applied with subsurface drip irrigation on corn evapotranspiration, yield, water use efficiency, and dry matter production in a semiarid climate. Agric Water Manage 95:895–908 Pearson CJ, Jacobs BC (1987) Yield components and nitrogen partitioning of maize in response to nitrogen before and after anthesis. Aust J Agric Res 38:1001–1009 Pereira LS, Cordery I, Iacovides I (2012) Improved indicators of water use performance and productivity for sustainable water conservation and saving. Agric Water Manage 108:39–51 Pereira LS, Cordery I, Iacovides I (2009) Coping with water scarcity: addressing the challenges. Springer, London Perry C (2011) Accounting for water use: terminology and implications for saving water and increasing production. Agric Water Manage 98:1840–1846 Qiao Y, Ren J, Yin L, Liu Y, Deng X, Liu P, Wang S (2020) Exogenous melatonin alleviates PEG-induced short-term water deficiency in maize by increasing hydraulic conductance. BMC Plant Biol 20:1–14 Rabalais NN, Turner RE, Justic D, Dortch Q, Wiseman WJ, SenGupta BK (1996) Nutrient changes in the Mississippi river and system responses on the adjacent continental shelf. Estuaries 19:386–407 Robins JS, Domingo CE (1953) Some effects of severe soil moisture deficits at specific growth stages in corn. Agron J 45:618–621 Rodrigues GC, Pereira LS (2009) Assessing economic impacts of deficit irrigation as related to water productivity and water costs. Biosys Eng 103:536–551 Sanchez B, Rasmussen A, Porter JR (2014) Temperatures and the growth and development of maize and rice: a review. Global Change Biol 20:408–417 SAS Institute Inc. (2013) SAS for windows. SAS Institute Inc., NC, USA Senninger Irrigation Inc. (2015) LDN-low drift nozzle. mechanized irrigation. http://www.senninger.com/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/LDN-UP3-Brochure.pdf. Accessed 15 Jan 2015 Sentek Pty Ltd (2003) TriSCAN manual version. Sentek Pty Ltd, Stepney, South Australia Shanahan JF, Nielsen DC (1987) Influence of growth retardants (anti-gibberellins) on corn vegetative growth, water use, and grain yield under different levels of water stress. Agron J 79:103–109 Shapiro CA, Wortmann CS (2006) Corn response to nitrogen rate, row spacing, and plant density in eastern Nebraska. Agron J 98:529–535 Sheriff G (2005) Efficient waste? Why farmers over-apply nutrients and the implications for policy design. Appl Econ Policy 27:542–557 Sigua GC, Stone KC, Bauer PJ, Szogi AA, Shumaker PD (2017) Impacts of irrigation scheduling on pore water nitrate and phosphate in coastal plain region of the united states. Agric Water Manage 186:75–85 Spencer GD, Krutz LJ, Falconer LL, Henry WB, Henry CG, Larson EJ, Pringle HC, Bryant CJ, Atwill RL (2019) Irrigation Water Management Technologies for Furrow-Irrigated Corn that Decrease Water use and Improve Yield and on-Farm Profitability. Crop Forage Turfgrass Manag. https://doi.org/10.2134/cftm2018.12.0100 Stanger TF, Lauer JG (2008) Corn grain yield response to crop rotation and nitrogen over 35 years. Agron J 100:643–650 Taiz L, Zeiger E, Miler IMI, Murphy AS (2015) Plant physiology and development. Sinauer Associates Inc, Massachusetts, USA Trout TJ, DeJonge KC (2017) Water productivity of maize in the US high plains. Irrig Sci 35:251–266 Turner NC (2004) Agronomic options for improving rainfall-use efficiency of crops in dryland farming systems. J Exp Bot 55:2413–2425 Upchurch SB, Chen J, Cain CR (2007) Trends of Nitrate concentrations in waters of the Suwannee river water management district, 2007. Suwannee River Water Management District, Live Oak, Florida USDA (2014) Census of agriculture. United States Summary and state data. National Agricultural Statistics Service, Washington, D.C. https://www.nass.usda.gov/Publications/AgCensus/2012/Full_Report/Volume_1,_Chapter_2_US_State_Level/st99_2_001_001.pdf. (Accessed 15 July 2016). USDA 2012. Census of agriculture - State data. USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service. https://www.nass.usda.gov/Publications/AgCensus/2012/Full_Report/Volume_1,_Chapter_1_State_Level/. (Accessed 8 Aug 2016). USDA (2013) Web soil survey. https://websoilsurvey.sc.egov.usda.gov/App/WebSoilSurvey.aspx (Accessed 31 Mar 2015). USDA (2005) Crops effective root zone moisture extraction depth in unrestricted soils. NRCS 2020:8 USDA (2019) World agricultural supply and demand estimates. https://www.usda.gov/oce/commodity/wasde/. (Accessed 12 Jan 2018). Valmont Industries I. (2015). Valley variable rate irrigation. 2015. https://www.valleyirrigation.com/technology-control-panels/water-application-management (Accessed 2 Mar 2015). Vandeleur RK, Mayo G, Shelden MC, Gilliham M, Kaiser BN, Tyerman SD (2009) The role of plasma membrane intrinsic protein aquaporins in water transport through roots: diurnal and drought stress responses reveal different strategies between isohydric and anisohydric cultivars of grapevine. Plant Physiol 149:445–460 Viets FG (1962) Fertilizers and the efficient use of water. Adv Agron 14:223–264 Wallace JS, Batchelor CH (1997) Managing water resources for crop production. Philosophical transactions of the royal society of London. Series B Biological Sci 352:937–947 D Wright, J. Marois, J. Rich, D. Rowland (2003). Field corn production guide. Agronomy Department, Gainesville: Univer Florida Instit Food Agricult Sci. 1:13. https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/pdffiles/AG/AG20200.pdf. (Accessed 2 March 2015). Zinselmeier C, Jeong BR, Boyer JS (1999) Starch and the control of kernel number in maize at low water potentials. Plant Physiol 121:25–36 Zotarelli L, Dukes MD, Morgan KT (2013). Interpretation of soil moisture content to determine soil field capacity and avoid over-irrigating sandy soils using soil moisture sensors. Agricultural and Biological Engineering Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences. Unive Florida. AE460:1:4. https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/pdffiles/AE/AE46000.pdf. (Accessed 5 Jan 2015) Zwart SJ, Bastiaanssen WGM (2004) Review of measured crop water productivity values for irrigated wheat, rice, cotton and maize. Agric Water Manage 69:115–133