The effect of fluorescence on surface dose with superficial X-rays incident on tissue with underlying lead
Tóm tắt
Từ khóa
Tài liệu tham khảo
Klevenhagen SC (1982) The buildup of backscatter in the energy range 1 mm to 8 mm Al HVT. Phys Med Biol 27:1035–1043
Lanzon P, Sorell G (1993) The effect of lead underlying water on the backscatter of X-rays of beam qualities 0.5-8 mm Al HVT. Phys Med Biol 38:1137–1144
Huq MS, Venkataramanan N, Meli JA (1992) The effect on dose of kilovoltage X-rays backscattered from lead. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 24:171–175
Das IJ, Chopra KL (1995) Backscatter dose perturbation in kilovoltage photon beams at high atomic number interface. Med Phys 22:767–773
Hill R, Healy B, Holloway L, Baldock C (2007) An investigation of dose changes for therapeutic kilovoltage X-ray beams with underlying lead shielding. Med Phys 34:3045–3053
Healy BJ, Sylvander S, Nitschke KN (2008) Dose reduction from loss of backscatter in superficial X-ray radiation therapy with the Pantak SXT 150 unit. Aust Phys Eng Sci Med 31:49–55
Paix D, Taylor K, Holloway A (1983) Backscatter of diagnostic X-rays from metals (communication). Med Phys 10:112–3
Yu PKN, Butson MJ (2013) Measurement of effects of nasal and facial shields on delivered dose for superficial X-ray treatments. Phys Med Biol 58:N95–N102
Butson JB, Cheung T, Yu PKN (2008) Measurement of dose reductions for superficial a-rays backscattered from bone interfaces Phys. Med Biol 53:N329–N336
Baines J, Zawlodzka S, Markwell T, Chan M (2018) Measured and Monte Carlo simulated surface dose reduction for superficial X-rays incident on tissue with underlying air or bone. MedPhys 45:926–933
Healy BJ, Gibbs A, Murry RL, Prunster JE, Nitschke KN (2005) Output factor measurements for a kilovoltage X-ray therapy unit. Austr Phys Eng Sci Med 28:115–121
Kawrakow I, Rogers DWO (2000) The EGSnrc code system: Monte Carlo simulation of electron and photon transport. NRCC Report PIPRS – 701, Ottawa
Rogers DW, Kawrakow J, Seuntjens BR, Walters B, Mainegra-Hing E (2000) NRC user codes for EGSnrc, NRCC Report No. PIRS-702
Rogers DWO, Faddegon BA, Ding GX, Ma CM, Wei J, Mackie TR (1995) BEAM: a Monte Carlo code to simulate radiotherapy treatment units. Med Phys 22:503–24
Walters B, Kawrakov I, Rogers DWO (2011) DOSXYZnrc users manual NRCC Report PIRS-794revB. NRCC, Ottawa
Ma CM, Rogers DWO (2018) BEAMDP users manual. NRCC Report PIRS-0509(C)revA. NRCC, Ottawa
Andreo P, Burns DT, Salvat F (2012) On the uncertainties of photon mass energy-absorption coefficients and their ratios for radiation dosimetry. Phys Med Biol 57:2117–2136
Chow JCL, Owrangi AM (2012) Surface dose reduction from bone interface in kilovoltage X-ray therapy: a Monte Carlo study of photon spectra. J App Clin Med Phys 13:215–221
NIST (2019) X-ray mass attenuation coefficients. http://physics.nist.gov/PhysRefData/XrayMassCoef