The dilution of benzalkonium chloride (BAK) in the tear Film

Novack GD, Evans R. Commercially available ocular hypotensive products: preservative concentration, stability, storage, and in-life utilization.J Glaucoma. 2001; 10: 483–486.

Schlech BA, Blondeau J. Future of ophthalmic anti-infective therapy and the role of moxifloxacin ophthalmic solution 0.5% (VIGAMOX®).Surv Ophthalmol. 2005; 50: S64-S67.

Schlech BA, Sutton A, Rosenthal RA, et al. Antimicrobial preservative effectiveness of Vigamox.Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2004; 45: 4913. [E-abstract]

Blondeau JM, Borsos AD. Antimicrobial efficacy of gatifloxacin with and without benzalkonium chloride compared with moxifloxacin against methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus.Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2006; 47(suppl): 1903. [E-abstract]

Borsos SD, Blondeau JM. Antimicrobial efficacy of gatifloxacin with and without benzalkonium chloride compared with moxifloxacin against common ocular pathogens.Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2006; 47(suppl): 1892. [E-abstract]

Callegan MC, Novosad B. Efficacy of fourth-generation fluoroquinolones against gram-positive species commonly involved in ocular infections.Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2006; 47(suppl): 1926. [E-abstract]

Dassanayake NL, Carey TC, Owen GR. A laboratory model to determine the uptake and release of olopatadine by soft contact lenses.Acta Ophthalmol Scand. 2000; 78: 16–17.

Owen GR, McCarey BE, Edelhauser HF. Non-invasive fluorophotometry assessment of corneal epithelial permeability after exposure to Vigamox™ or Zymar™.Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2004: 45(suppl): 4902.

Kowalski RP, Kowalski BR, Romanowski EG, Mah FS, Thompson PP, Gordon YJ. The in vitro impact of moxifloxacin and gatifloxacin concentration (0.5% vs 0.3%) and the addition of benzalkonium chloride on antibacterial efficacy.Am J Ophthalmol. 2006; 142: 730–735.

Schentag JJ. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic predictors of antimicrobial efficacy: moxifloxacin andStreptococcus pneumoniae.J Chemother. 2002; 14(suppl): 13–21.

Metzler K, Hansen GM, Hedlin P, et al. Comparison of minimal inhibitory and mutant prevention drug concentrations of 4 fluoroquinolones against clinical isolates of methicillin-susceptible and -resistantStaphylococcus aureus.Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2004; 24: 161–167.