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Tác động phát triển của căng thẳng trước sinh, dexamethasone trước sinh và căng thẳng xã hội sau sinh đối với sinh lý, hành vi và giải phẫu thần kinh của con non linh trưởng: nghiên cứu trên khỉ Rhesus và khỉ Marmoset thông thường
Tóm tắt
Việc tiếp xúc của não bộ linh trưởng chưa trưởng thành với các yếu tố gây stress, bao gồm cả mức độ căng thẳng của glucocorticoids, trước sinh hoặc sau sinh, được coi là một yếu tố điều tiết chính trong chức năng não bộ ngắn hạn và dài hạn và, ở người, là một yếu tố nguyên nhân chính trong các rối loạn thần kinh tâm thần. Các nghiên cứu thực nghiệm trên con người là không khả thi và các nghiên cứu trên động vật là cần thiết để chứng minh tính nguyên nhân và làm sáng tỏ các cơ chế. Một số nghiên cứu đã được thực hiện và xem xét trên chuột nhưng có rất ít nghiên cứu trên linh trưởng. Ở đây, chúng tôi trình bày tổng quan về các nghiên cứu đã xuất bản của chúng tôi và một số dữ liệu gốc về tác động của: (1) căng thẳng trước sinh đối với hoạt động lại của trục dưới đồi - tuyến yên - thượng thận (HPA) và giải phẫu thần kinh hippocampus ở khỉ Rhesus vị thành niên; (2) dexamethasone trước sinh (DEX) đối với hoạt động HPA, hành vi và giải phẫu thần kinh vỏ não trán ở khỉ Marmoset chưa thành niên; (3) căng thẳng cách ly cha mẹ hàng ngày sau sinh đối với hoạt động HPA, hành vi, giấc ngủ và giải phẫu thần kinh hippocampus và vỏ não trán ở khỉ Marmoset chưa thành niên. Căng thẳng trước sinh làm tăng nồng độ cortisol cơ bản và giảm sự tạo tế bào thần kinh ở khỉ Marmoset. DEX trước sinh không ảnh hưởng đến hoạt động HPA và làm giảm hành vi chơi xã hội và hành vi vận động khéo léo ở khỉ Marmoset. Căng thẳng xã hội sau sinh làm tăng nồng độ cortisol cơ bản, giảm chơi xã hội, tăng sự thức dậy và giảm biểu hiện thụ thể glucocorticoid và mineralocorticoid ở hippocampus của khỉ Marmoset. Những sự kiện môi trường liên quan đến căng thẳng trong giai đoạn chu sinh có tác động ngắn hạn và dài hạn đến chức năng HPA, hành vi và trạng thái não bộ ở khỉ Rhesus và khỉ Marmoset thông thường. Các cơ chế điều hòa các tác động kéo dài này vẫn cần được làm sáng tỏ, với các ứng viên bao gồm cả chức năng HPA cơ bản tăng cường và lập trình di truyền.
Từ khóa
#căng thẳng trước sinh #dexamethasone #căng thẳng xã hội sau sinh #cơ chế thần kinh #khỉ Rhesus #khỉ MarmosetTài liệu tham khảo
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