The cross-sectional area of the vagus nerve is not reduced in Parkinson's disease patients

Palma, 2014, Autonomic disorders predicting Parkinson's disease, Parkinsonism Relat. Disord., 20, S94, 10.1016/S1353-8020(13)70024-5 Braak, 2003, Staging of brain pathology related to sporadic Parkinson's disease, Neurobiol. Aging, 24, 197, 10.1016/S0197-4580(02)00065-9 Braak, 2004, Stages in the development of Parkinson's disease-related pathology, Cell Tissue Res., 318, 121, 10.1007/s00441-004-0956-9 Beach, 2010, Multi-organ distribution of phosphorylated alpha-synuclein histopathology in subjects with Lewy body disorders, Acta Neuropathol., 119, 689, 10.1007/s00401-010-0664-3 Hawkes, 2007, Parkinson's disease: a dual-hit hypothesis, Neuropathol. Appl. Neurobiol., 33, 599, 10.1111/j.1365-2990.2007.00874.x Hawkes, 2009, Parkinson's disease: the dual hit theory revisited, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., 1170, 615, 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.04365.x Kim, 2019, Transneuronal propagation of pathologic alpha-synuclein from the gut to the brain models Parkinson's disease, Neuron., 103, 627, 10.1016/j.neuron.2019.05.035 Liu, 2017, Vagotomy and Parkinson disease: a Swedish register-based matched-cohort study, Neurology., 88, 1996, 10.1212/WNL.0000000000003961 Svensson, 2015, Vagotomy and subsequent risk of Parkinson's disease, Ann. Neurol., 78, 522, 10.1002/ana.24448 Tysnes, 2015, Does vagotomy reduce the risk of Parkinson's disease?, Ann. Neurol., 78, 1011, 10.1002/ana.24531 Killinger, 2018, The vermiform appendix impacts the risk of developing Parkinson's disease, Sci. Transl. Med., 10, 10.1126/scitranslmed.aar5280 Marras, 2016, Appendectomy in mid and later life and risk of Parkinson's disease: a population-based study, Mov. Disord., 31, 1243, 10.1002/mds.26670 Palacios, 2018, Appendectomy and risk of Parkinson's disease in two large prospective cohorts of men and women, Mov. Disord., 33, 1492, 10.1002/mds.109 Svensson, 2016, Appendectomy and risk of Parkinson's disease: a nationwide cohort study with more than 10 years of follow-up, Mov. Disord., 31, 1918, 10.1002/mds.26761 Gray, 2015, Protective effect of vagotomy suggests source organ for Parkinson disease, Ann. Neurol., 78, 834, 10.1002/ana.24501 Horsager, 2021, Vagus nerve cross-sectional area in patients with Parkinson's disease-an ultrasound case-control study, Front. Neurol., 12, 10.3389/fneur.2021.681413 Pelz, 2018, Axonal degeneration of the Vagus nerve in Parkinson's disease-a high-resolution ultrasound study, Front. Neurol., 9, 951, 10.3389/fneur.2018.00951 Tsukita, 2018, The vagus nerve becomes smaller in patients with Parkinson's disease: a preliminary cross-sectional study using ultrasonography, Parkinsonism Relat. Disord., 55, 148, 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2018.06.002 Walter, 2018, Atrophy of the Vagus nerve in Parkinson's disease revealed by high-resolution ultrasonography, Front. Neurol., 9, 805, 10.3389/fneur.2018.00805 Fedtke, 2018, Ultrasonography of the vagus nerve in Parkinson's disease, Front. Neurol., 9, 525, 10.3389/fneur.2018.00525 Laucius, 2020, Ultrasonography of the vagus nerve in the diagnosis of Parkinson's disease, Parkinsons Dis., 2020, 2627471 2006 Damian, 2012, Autonomic function, as self-reported on the SCOPA-autonomic questionnaire, is normal in essential tremor but not in Parkinson's disease, Parkinsonism Relat. Disord., 18, 1089, 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2012.06.008 Visser, 2004, Assessment of autonomic dysfunction in Parkinson's disease: the SCOPA-AUT, Mov. Disord., 19, 1306, 10.1002/mds.20153 Shrout, 1979, Intraclass correlations: uses in assessing rater reliability, Psychol. Bull., 86, 420, 10.1037/0033-2909.86.2.420 Abdelnaby, 2021, Sonographic reference values of vagus nerve: a systematic review and Meta-analysis, J. Clin. Neurophysiol., 39, 59, 10.1097/WNP.0000000000000856 Curcean, 2020, Ultrasound appearance of peripheral nerves in the neck: vagus, hypoglossal and greater auricular, Med. Pharm. Rep., 93, 39 Pelz, 2018, Sonographic evaluation of the vagus nerves: protocol, reference values, and side-to-side differences, Muscle Nerve, 57, 766, 10.1002/mus.25993 Pelz, 2019, Correlation between sonographic morphology and function of the cervical vagus nerves, Auton. Neurosci., 220, 102552, 10.1016/j.autneu.2019.05.004