The critical atomization conditions of high-potential fire suppressant droplets in an air flow

Bertola, 2015, Impact of concentrated colloidal suspension drops on solid surfaces, Powder Technol., 270, 412, 10.1016/j.powtec.2014.02.017 Wierzba, 1990, Deformation and breakup of liquid drops in a gas stream at nearby critical Weber numbers, Exp. Fluids, 9, 59, 10.1007/BF00575336 Lin, 2009, Relationship between deposition properties and operating parameters for droplet onto surface in the atomization impinging spray, Powder Technol., 191, 340, 10.1016/j.powtec.2008.11.009 Krishnan, 2015, Effects of gas and droplet characteristics on drop-drop collision outcome regimes, Int. J. Multiphase Flow, 77, 171, 10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2015.08.003 Volkov, 2015, Water droplet deformation in gas stream: impact of temperature difference between liquid and gas, Int. J. Heat Mass Transf., 85, 1, 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2015.01.078 Strizhak, 2017, Disintegration of large balls of water-based liquids in free fall through high-temperature gases, At. Sprays, 27 Results of science and technology, 2021, vol. 17 Galustov, 1984 Terekhov, 2009 Vysokomornaya, 2016 Arkhipov, 1978, Experimental investigation of the interaction of colliding droplets, J. Appl. Mech. Tech. Phys., 19, 201, 10.1007/BF00850034 Arkhipov, 1983, Stability of colliding drops of ideal liquid, J. Appl. Mech. Tech. Phys., 24, 371, 10.1007/BF00909756 Orme, 1997, Experiments on droplet collisions, bounce, coalescence and disruption, Prog. Energy Combust. Sci., 23, 65, 10.1016/S0360-1285(97)00005-1 Zhang, 2017, Study on separation abilities of moisture separators based on droplet collision models, Nucl. Eng. Des., 325, 135, 10.1016/j.nucengdes.2017.09.030 Pawar, 2016, An experimental study of droplet-particle collisions, Powder Technol., 300, 157, 10.1016/j.powtec.2016.06.005 Antonov, 2016, Experimental study of the effects of collision of water droplets in a flow of high-temperature gases, J. Eng. Phys. Thermophys., 89, 10.1007/s10891-016-1356-1 Shao, 2018, Direct numerical simulation of droplet breakup in homogeneous isotropic turbulence: the effect of the Weber number, Int. J. Multiphase Flow, 107, 263, 10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2018.06.009 Strotos, 2016, Predicting droplet deformation and breakup for moderate weber numbers, Int. J. Multiphase Flow, 85, 96, 10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2016.06.001 Rubio-Rubio, 2018, Dripping dynamics and transitions at high bond numbers, Int. J. Multiphase Flow, 104, 206, 10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2018.02.017 Merdasi, 2018, Simulation of a falling droplet in a vertical channel with rectangular obstacles, Eur. J. Mech. B/Fluids, 68, 108, 10.1016/j.euromechflu.2017.11.002 Jarauta, 2018, An implicit surface tension model for the analysis of droplet dynamics, J. Comput. Phys., 374, 1196, 10.1016/j.jcp.2018.08.001 Bhandarkar, 2017, Assessment of droplet breakup models in high-speed cross-flow, At. Sprays, 27, 61, 10.1615/AtomizSpr.2016015409 Tiwari, 2020, Flow past a single stationary sphere, 1. Experimental and numerical techniques, Powder Technol., 365, 115, 10.1016/j.powtec.2019.01.037 He, 2013, Liquid attachment and momentum transfer by collisions between free-fall solids and liquid spray droplets, Powder Technol., 239, 1, 10.1016/j.powtec.2013.01.020 Fathinia, 2019, Experimental andmathematical investigations of spray angle and droplet sizes of a flash evaporation desalination system, Powder Technol., 255, 542, 10.1016/j.powtec.2019.07.081 Bilger, 2018, From high-fidelity numerical simulations of a liquid-film atomization to a regime classification, At. Sprays, 28, 65, 10.1615/AtomizSpr.2018025001 Liu, 1997, An analysis of the distortion and breakup mechanisms of high speed liquid drops, Int. J. Multiphase Flow, 23, 631, 10.1016/S0301-9322(96)00086-9 Zhao, 2010, Morphological classification of low viscosity drop bag breakup in a continuous air jet stream, Phys. Fluids, 22, 10.1063/1.3490408 Pilch, 1987, Use of breakup time data and velocity history data to predict the maximum size of stable fragments for acceleration-induced breakup of a liquid drop, Int. J. Multiphase Flow, 13, 741, 10.1016/0301-9322(87)90063-2 Kuznetsov, 2017, How to improve efficiency of using water when extinguishing fires through the explosive breakup of drops in a flame: laboratory and field tests, Int. J. Therm. Sci., 121, 398, 10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2017.08.004 Rabinovich, 2005 Antonov, 2018, Impact of holder materials on the heating and explosive breakup of two-component droplets, Energies, 11, 10.3390/en11123307 Volkov, 2021, Using planar laser induced fluorescence and micro particle image velocimetry to study the heating of a droplet with different tracers and schemes of attaching it on a holder, Int. J. Therm. Sci., 159, 106603, 10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2020.106603 Volkov, 2018, Research of temperature fields and convection velocities in evaporating water droplets using planar laser-induced fluorescence and particle image velocimetry, Exp. Thermal Fluid Sci., 97, 392, 10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2018.05.007 Cao, 2007, A new breakup regime of liquid drops identified in a continuous and uniform air jet flow, Phys. Fluids, 19, 10.1063/1.2723154 Cossali, 2005, Secondary atomisation produced by single drop vertical impacts onto heated surfaces, Exp. Thermal Fluid Sci., 29, 937, 10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2004.12.003 Jiang, 2010, Physical modelling and advanced simulations of gas-liquid two-phase jet flows in atomization and sprays, Prog. Energy Combust. Sci., 36, 131, 10.1016/j.pecs.2009.09.002 Solsvik, 2016, A theoretical study on drop breakup modeling in turbulent flows: the inertial subrange versus the entire spectrum of isotropic turbulence, Chem. Eng. Sci., 149, 249, 10.1016/j.ces.2016.04.037 Liang, 2017, Review of drop impact on heated walls, Int. J. Heat Mass Transf., 106, 103, 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2016.10.031 Negeed, 2010, Experimental study on the effect of surface conditions on evaporation of sprayed liquid droplet, Int. J. Therm. Sci., 49, 2250, 10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2010.08.008 Qin, 2017, Aqueous clay suspensions stabilized by alginate fluid gels for coal spontaneous combustion prevention and control, Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res., 24, 24657, 10.1007/s11356-017-9982-5 Chen, 2018, Performance evaluation of water mist with mixed surfactant additives based on absorption property, Proc. Proc. Eng., 211, 85, 10.1016/j.proeng.2017.12.141 Tang, 2018, Development of a novel bentonite–acrylamide superabsorbent hydrogel for extinguishing gangue fire hazard, Powder Technol., 323, 486, 10.1016/j.powtec.2017.09.051 Gupta, 2012, Experimental evaluation of fire suppression characteristics of twin fluid water mist system, Fire Saf. J., 54, 130, 10.1016/j.firesaf.2012.08.007 Tang, 2013, Experimental study of the downward displacement of fire-induced smoke by water sprays, Fire Saf. J., 55, 35, 10.1016/j.firesaf.2012.10.014 Konishi, 2008, Aerial firefighting against urban fire: mock-up house experiments of fire suppression by helicopters, Fire Saf. J., 43, 10.1016/j.firesaf.2007.10.005 Grant, 2000, Fire suppression by water sprays, Prog. Energy Combust. Sci., 26, 10.1016/S0360-1285(99)00012-X