The conservation status of the world’s freshwater molluscs

Hydrobiologia - Tập 848 - Trang 3231-3254 - 2020
Monika Böhm1, Nadia I. Dewhurst-Richman1,2, Mary Seddon3, Sophie E. H. Ledger1, Christian Albrecht4, David Allen5, Arthur E. Bogan6, Jay Cordeiro7,8,9, Kevin S. Cummings10, Annabelle Cuttelod11, Gustavo Darrigran12, Will Darwall13, Zoltán Fehér14, Claudine Gibson15, Daniel L. Graf16, Frank Köhler17, Manuel Lopes-Lima18, Guido Pastorino19, Kathryn E. Perez20, Kevin Smith21, Dirk van Damme22, Maxim V. Vinarski23, Ted von Proschwitz24,25, Thomas von Rintelen26, David C. Aldridge27, Neelavar A. Aravind28,29, Prem B. Budha30, Cristhian Clavijo31, Do Van Tu32,33, Olivier Gargominy34, Mohamed Ghamizi35, Martin Haase36, Craig Hilton-Taylor5, Paul D. Johnson37, Ümit Kebapçı38, Jasna Lajtner39, Charles N. Lange40, Dwayne A.W. Lepitzki41, Alberto Martínez-Ortí42,43, Evelyn A. Moorkens44, Eike Neubert45,46, Caroline M. Pollock5, Vincent Prié47, Canella Radea48, Rina Ramirez49, Marian A. Ramos50, Sonia B. Santos51, Rajko Slapnik52,53, Mikhail O. Son54, Anna-Sofie Stensgaard55,56, Ben Collen57
1Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, London, UK
2Department of Geography, University College London, London, UK
3IUCN SSC Mollusc Specialist Group, Devon, UK
4Department of Animal Ecology and Systematics, Systematics and Biodiversity Group, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
5IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature), Red List Unit, IUCN Global Species Programme, Cambridge, UK
6North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, Raleigh, USA
7Department of Biology, Bridgewater State University, Bridgewater, USA
8Massachusetts Audubon Society, Cummaquid, USA
9Northeast Natural History & Supply, West Dennis, USA
10Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois, Champaign, USA
11Pully, Switzerland
12Museo de La Plata, La Plata National University (FCNyM, UNLP), CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
13Freshwater Biodiversity Unit, IUCN Global Species Programme, Cambridge, UK
14Department of Zoology, Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest, Hungary
15IUCN SSC Conservation Planning Specialist Group, Auckland, New Zealand
16University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point, Stevens Point, USA
17Australian Museum, Australian Museum Research Institute, Sydney, Australia
18CIBIO/InBIO - Research Center in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, Universidade do Porto, Vairão, Portugal
19Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales ‘Bernardino Rivadavia’, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
20Biology Department, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, USA
21Invasive Species Unit, IUCN Global Species Programme, Cambridge, UK
22Department of Geology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
23Laboratory of Macroecology & Biogeography of Invertebrates, Saint-Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
24Gothenburg Natural History Museum, Gothenburg, Sweden
25Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
26Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Berlin, Germany
27Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
28Suri Sehgal Center for Biodiversity and Conservation, Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment (ATREE), Bangalore, India
29Yenepoya Research Center, Yenepoya University, Mangalore, India
30Central Department of Zoology, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal
31Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, Montevideo, Uruguay
32Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
33Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
34UMS 2006 PatriNat, Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris, France
35Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle de Marrakech, Faculté des Sciences, Université Cadi Ayyad, Marrakech, Morocco
36Vogelwarte, Zoologisches Institut und Museum, Universität Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
37Alabama Aquatic Biodiversity Center, Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources, Marion, USA
38Department of Biology, Science and Arts Faculty, Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Turkey
39Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
40National Environment Management Authority, Nairobi, Kenya
41Wildlife Systems Research, Banff, Canada
42Museu Valencià d’Història Natural & i\Biotaxa, l’Hort de Feliu–Alginet, Valencia, Spain
43Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
44Department of Zoology, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
45Natural History Museum Bern, Bern, Switzerland
46Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
47Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité ISYEB – Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, EPHE, Université des Antilles, Paris, France
48Department of Ecology and Systematics, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Greece
49Faculty of Biological Sciences & Natural History Museum, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Jesus Maria, Peru
50Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Madrid, Spain
51Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
52ZOSPEUM, Molluscs, Cave & Karst Biological Consulting, Kamnik, Slovenia
53The Slovenian Museum of Natural History, Ljubljana, Slovenia
54Institute of Marine Biology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Odessa, Ukraine
55Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
56Center for Macroecology, Evolution & Climate, GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
57Centre for Biodiversity & Environment Research, University College London, London, UK

Tóm tắt

With the biodiversity crisis continuing unchecked, we need to establish levels and drivers of extinction risk, and reassessments over time, to effectively allocate conservation resources and track progress towards global conservation targets. Given that threat appears particularly high in freshwaters, we assessed the extinction risk of 1428 randomly selected freshwater molluscs using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria, as part of the Sampled Red List Index project. We show that close to one-third of species in our sample are estimated to be threatened with extinction, with highest levels of threat in the Nearctic, Palearctic and Australasia and among gastropods. Threat levels were higher in lotic than lentic systems. Pollution (chemical and physical) and the modification of natural systems (e.g. through damming and water abstraction) were the most frequently reported threats to freshwater molluscs, with some regional variation. Given that we found little spatial congruence between species richness patterns of freshwater molluscs and other freshwater taxa, apart from crayfish, new additional conservation priority areas emerged from our study. We discuss the implications of our findings for freshwater mollusc conservation, the adequacy of a sampled approach and important next steps to estimate trends in freshwater mollusc extinction risk over time.

Tài liệu tham khảo

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Hydrobiologia

Tập 848

3231-3254

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