The combined toxicity assessment of carp (Cyprinus carpio) acetylcholinesterase activity by binary mixtures of chlorpyrifos and four other insecticides

Ecotoxicology - Tập 23 - Trang 221-228 - 2013
Chen Chen1, Yanhua Wang2, Xueping Zhao2, Qiang Wang2, Yongzhong Qian1
1Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Quality and Safety of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
2State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control/Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China

Tóm tắt

Mixtures of organophosphate (OP) and carbamate (CB) insecticides are commonly detected in freshwater habitats. These insecticides inhibit the activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and have potential to interfere with behaviors that may be essential for survival of species. Although the effects of individual anticholinesterase insecticides on aquatic species have been studied for decades, the combined toxicity of mixtures is still poorly understood. In the present study, we assessed whether pesticides in a mixture act in isolation (resulting in additive AChE inhibition) or whether components interact to produce either antagonistic or synergistic toxicity. Brain AChE inhibition in carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) exposed to a series of concentrations of the OP (chlorpyrifos, malathion and triazophos) as well as the CB (fenobucarb and carbosulfan) were measured. The concentration addition (CA) model and the isobole method were used to determine whether toxicological responses to binary mixtures of pesticides. In 50:50 % effect mixtures, the observed combined toxicity of chlorpyrifos and malathion was significantly higher than observed and was considered as synergistic. For equivalent dose mixtures, when chlorpyrifos mixed with fenobucarb or malathion, the observed toxicities were significantly higher than predicted, suggesting synergistic joint actions. The rest five binary combinations exhibited concentration additive or slight antagonistic joint actions. The CA model and the isobole method provided estimates of mixture toxicity that did not markedly underestimate the measured toxicity, therefore these methods are suitable to use in ecological risk assessments of pesticide mixtures.

Tài liệu tham khảo

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