The clinical pharmacokinetics of phenytoin

F. Bochner, W. D. Hooper, J. J. Tryer, and M. J. Eadie. Effect of dosage increments on blood phenytoin concentrations.J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiat. 35:873–876 (1972).

L. G. Borofsky, S. Levis, H. Kutt, and M. Roqinsky. Diphenylhydantoin: Efficacy, toxicity, and dose-serum level relationships in children.J. Pediat. 81:995–1002 (1972).

G. E. Mawer, P. W. Müllen, and M. Rogers. Phenytoin dose adjustment in epileptic patients.Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 1:163–168 (1974).

A. Richens and A. Dunlop. Serum phenytoin levels in management of epilepsy.Lancet 2:247–248 (1975).

A. J. Atkinson and J. M. Shaw. Pharmacokinetics study of a patient with diphenylhydantoin toxicity.Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 14:521–528 (1973).

N. Gerber, R. Lynn, and J. Oates. Acute intoxication with 5,5-diphenylhydantoin (DilantinR) associated with impairment of biotransformation.Ann. Intern. Med. 77:765–771 (1972).

G. W. Houghton and A. Richens. Rate of elimination of tracer doses of phenytoin at different steady-state serum phenytoin concentrations in epileptic patients.Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 1:155–161 (1974).

J. Koch-Weser. The serum level approach to individualization of drug dosage.Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 9:1–8 (1975).

H. Kutt, R. Brennan, H. Dehejia, and K. Verebely. Diphenylhydantoin intoxication.Am. Rev. Resp. Dis. 101:377–384 (1970).

J. T. Bigger, D, H. Schmidt, and H. Kutt. Relationship between the plasma level of diphenylhydantoin sodium and its cardiac antiarrhythmic effects.Circulation 36:363–374 (1968).

F. Buchthal and M. A. Lennox-Buchthal. Diphenyhydantoin: Relation of anticonvulsant effect to concentration in serum. In D. M. Woodbury (ed.),Anticonvulsant Drugs, Raven Press, New York, 1972.

T. H. Doenna, G. De Crousaz, I. Magrini, P. Bechtel, and J. L. Schelling. Plasma concentrations of diphenylhydantoin in the epileptic: Its interest for the clinician.Schweiz. Med. Wschr. 105:936–940 (1975).

K. P. Dowson and A. Jemieson. Value of blood phenytoin estimation in management of childhood elipepsy.Arch. Dis. Child. 46:386–388 (1971).

G. W. Houghton, A. Richens, P. A. Toseland, S. Davidson, and M. A. Falconer. Brain concentrations of phenytoin, phenobarbitone and primidone in epileptic patients.Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 9:73–78 (1975).

H. Kutt, W. Winters, R. Kokenge, and F. McDowell. Diphenylhydantoin metabolism, blood levels and toxicity.Arch. Neurol 11:642–648 (1964).

L. Lund. Anticonvulsant effects of diphenylhydantoin relative to plasma levels: A prospective 3 year study in ambulant patients with generalized epileptic seizures.Arch. Nerol. 31:289–294 (1974).

J. M. Hansen, M. Kristensen, L. Skovsted, and L. K. Christensen. Dicoumarol-induced diphenylhydantoin intoxication.Lancet 2:265–266 (1966).

A. J. Glazko, T. Chang, J. Baukema, W. A. Dill, J. R. Goulet, and R. A. Buckanan. Metabolic disposition of diphenylhydantoin in normal human subjects following intravenous dministration.Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 10:498–504 (1969).

B. J. Wilder, E. E. Serrano, E. Ramsey, and R. A. Bachanan. A method for shifting from oral to intramuscular diphenylhydantoin administration.Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 16:507–513 (1974).

D. S. Adler, E. Martin, J. G. Gambertoglio, T. N. Tozer, and J. P. Spire. Hemodialysis of phenytoin in a uremic patient.Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 18:65–69 (1975).

V. P. Shah, S. M. Wallace, and S. Riegelman. A microultrafiltration technique for drug-protein binding determination in plasma.J. Pharm. Sci. 63:1364–1366 (1974).

L. B. Sheiner, B. Rosenberg, and K. L. Melmon. Modelling of individual pharmacokinetics for computer-aided drug dosage.Comp. Biomed. Res. 5:441–459 (1972).

L. B. Sheiner, H. Halkin, C. Peck, B. Rosenberg, and K. L. Melmon. Improved computer-assisted digoxin therapy.Ann. Intern. Med. 82:619–627 (1975).

M. Ehrnebo and I. Odar-Cederlof. Binding of amobarbital, pentobarbital and diphenyShydantoin to blood cells and plasma proteins in healthy volunteers and uraemic patients.Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 8:445–453 (1975).

W. D. Hooper, F. Bochner, M. J. Eadie, and J. H. Tyrer. Plasma protein binding of diphenylhydantoin: Effects of sex hormones, renal and hepatic disease.Clin. Pharm. Ther. 15:276–282 (1973).

I. Odar-Cederlof and O. Borga. Kinetics of diphenylhydantoin in uremic patients: Consequences of decreased protein binding.Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 7:3137 (1974).

M. M. Reidenberg, I. Odar-Cederlof, C. von Bahr, O. Borga, and F. Sjoqvist. Protein binding of diphenylhydantoin and desmethylimipramine in plasma from patients with poor renal function.New Engl. J. Med. 285:264–267 (1971).

D. W. Shoenman and D. L. Azarnoff. The alteration of plasma proteins in uremias as reflected in their ability to bind digoxin and diphenylhydantoin in man.Pharmacology 7:169–177 (1972).

R. Gugler, C. V. Manion, and D. L. Azarnoff. Phenytoin: Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability.Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 19:135–142 (1976).

J. M. Hansen, M. Kristensen, L. Skovstead, and L. K. Christensen. Dicoumarol-induced diphenylhydantoin intoxication.Lancet 2:265–266 (1966).

B. Lumholtz, K. Siersbaek-Nielsen, L. Skovsted, J. Kampmann, and J. M. Hansen. Sulfamethizole-induced inhibition of diphenylhydantoin, tolbutamide and warfarin metabolism.Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 17:731–734 (1975).

P. L. Morselli, M. Rizzo, and S. Garattini. Interaction between phenobarbital and diphenylhydantoin in animals and epileptic patients.Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 179:88–107 (1971).

G. E. Solomon, M. W. Hilgartner, and H. Kutt. Coagulation defects caused by diphenylhydantoin.Neurology 22:1165–1171 (1972).

T. F. Blaschke, P. J. Meffin, K. L. Melmon, and M. Rowland. Influence of acute viral hepatitis on phenytoin kinetics and protein binding.Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 17:685–691 (1975).

H. Kutt, W. Winters, R. Scherman, and F. McDowell. Diphenylhydantoin and phenobarbital toxicity: The role of liver disease.Arch. Neurol. (Chicago) 11:649–656 (1964).

M. Sparberg. Lesser known complications of diphenylhydantoin therapy.Ann. Intern. Med. 59:914–930 (1963).