The clinical assessment of retinal microvascular structure and therapeutic implications
Tóm tắt
Từ khóa
Tài liệu tham khảo
Keith NM, Wagener HP, Barker NW: Some different types of essential hypertension: their cause and prognosis. Am J Med Sci 1938, 197:332–343.
Dodson PM, Lip GY, Eames SM, et al.: Hypertensive retinopathy: a review of existing classification systems and a suggestion for a simplified grading system. J Hum Hypertens 1996, 10:93–98.
Klein R, Klein BEK, Moss SE: The relation of systemic hypertension to changes in the retinal vasculature: the Beaver Dam Eye Study. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc 1997, 95:329–350.
Wang JJ, Mitchell P, Leung H, et al.: Hypertensive retinal vessel wall signs in a general older population: the Blue Mountains Eye Study. Hypertension 2003, 42:534–541.
Cuspidi C, Meani S, Valerio C, et al.: Prevalence and correlates of advanced retinopathy in a large selected hypertensive population. The Evaluation of Target Organ Damage in Hypertension (ETODH) study. Blood Press 2005, 14:25–31.
Dimmitt SB, West JN, Eames SM, et al.: Usefulness of ophthalmoscopy in mild to moderate hypertension. Lancet 1989, 1:1103–1106.
van den Born BJ, Hulsman CA, Hoekstra JB, et al.: Value of routine funduscopy in patients with hypertension: systematic review. BMJ 2005, 331:73.
Klein R, Klein BE, Moss SE, et al.: Retinal vascular abnormalities in persons with type 1 diabetes: the Wisconsin Epidemiologic Study of Diabetic Retinopathy: XVIII. Ophthalmology 2003, 110:2118–2125.
Fong DS, Aiello L, Gardner TW, et al.: Retinopathy in diabetes. Diabetes Care 2004, 27(suppl 1):S84–S87.
Bek T, Helgesen A: The regional distribution of diabetic retinopathy lesions may reflect risk factors for progression of the disease. Acta Ophthalmol Scand 2001, 79:501–505.
Lip GY, Beevers M, Beevers DG: Complications and survival of 315 patients with malignant-phase hypertension. J Hypertens 1995, 13:915–924.
Patton N, Aslam T, Macgillivray T, et al.: Retinal vascular image analysis as a potential screening tool for cerebrovascular disease: a rationale based on homology between cerebral and retinal microvasculatures. J Anat 2005, 206:319–348.
Nguyen TT, Wong TY: Retinal vascular manifestations of metabolic disorders. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2006, 17:262–268.
Porta M, Grosso A, Veglio F: Hypertensive retinopathy: there’s more than meets the eye. J Hypertens 2005, 23:683–696.
Venkatramani J, Mitchell P: Ocular and systemic causes of retinopathy in patients without diabetes mellitus. BMJ 2004, 328:625–629.
Warburton T: Digital imaging technology. A review of the National Screening Committee position. Available at http://www.optometry.co.uk/files128c240d9ff83cead74b06cf1be76c82_warburton20020418.pdf . Accessed January 4, 2007.
Newsom RS, Sullivan PM, Rassam SM, et al.: Retinal vessel measurement: comparison between observer and computer driven methods. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 1992, 230:221–225.
Brinchmann-Hansen O, Christensen CC, Myhre K: The response of the light reflex of retinal vessels to reduced blood pressure in hypertensive patients. Acta Ophthalmol (Copenh) 1990, 68:155–161.
Rassam SM, Patel V, Brinchmann-Hansen O, et al.: Accurate vessel width measurement from fundus photographs: a new concept. Br J Ophthalmol 1994, 78:24–29.
Gao XW, Bharath A, Stanton A, et al.: Quantification and characterisation of arteries in retinal images. Comput Methods Programs Biomed 2000, 63:133–146.
Hubbard LD, Brothers RJ, King WN, et al.: Methods for evaluation of retinal microvascular abnorm alities associated with hypertension/sclerosis in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. Ophthalmology 1999, 106:2269–2280.
Sherry LM, Wang JJ, Rochtchina E, et al.: Reliability of computer-assisted retinal vessel measurement in a population. Clin Experiment Ophthalmol 2002, 30:179–182.
Wong TY, Knudtson MD, Klein R, et al.: Computer-assisted measurement of retinal vessel diameters in the Beaver Dam Eye Study: methodology, correlation between eyes, and effect of refractive errors. Ophthalmology 2004, 111:1183–1190.
Chapman N, Witt N, Gao X, et al.: Computer algorithms for the automated measurement of retinal arteriolar diameters. Br J Ophthalmol 2001, 85:74–79.
Li H, Hsu W, Lee ML, Wong TY: Automatic grading of retinal vessel caliber. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2005, 52:1352–1355.
Lowell J, Hunter A, Steel D, et al.: Measurement of retinal vessel widths from fundus images based on 2-D modeling. IEEE Trans Med Imaging 2004, 23:1196–1204.
Seifertl BU, Vilser W: Retinal Vessel Analyzer (RVA)—design and function. Biomed Tech (Berl) 2002, 47(suppl 1 Pt 2):678–681.
Suzuki Y: Direct measurement of retinal vessel diameter: comparison with microdensitometric methods based on fundus photographs. Surv Ophthalmol 1995, 39(suppl 1):S57–S65.
Delori FC, Fitch KA, Feke GT, et al.: Evaluation of micrometric and microdensitometric methods for measuring the width of retinal vessel images on fundus photographs. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 1988, 226:393–399.
Martinez-Perez ME, Hughes AD, Stanton AV, et al.: Retinal vascular tree morphology: a semi-automatic quantification. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2002, 49:912–917.
Pakter HM, Ferlin E, Fuchs SC, et al.: Measuring arteriolar-to-venous ratio in retinal photography of patients with hypertension: development and application of a new semiautoated method. Am J Hypertens 2005, 18:417–421.
Dumskyj MJ, Aldington SJ, Dore CJ, Kohner EM: The accurate assessment of changes in retinal vessel diameter using multiple frame electrocardiography synchronised fundus photography. Curr Eye Res 1996, 15:625–632.
Knudtson MD, Klein BE, Klein R, et al.: Variation associated with measurement of retinal vessel diameters at different points in the pulse cycle. Br J Ophthalmol 2004, 88:57–61.
Wong TY, Wang JJ, Rochtchina E, et al.: Does refractive error influence the association of blood pressure and retinal vessel diameters? The Blue Mountains Eye Study. Am J Ophthalmol 2004, 137:1050–1055.
Parr JC, Spears GF: Mathematic relationships between the width of a retinal artery and the widths of its branches. Am J Ophthalmol 1974, 77:478–483.
Knudtson MD, Lee KE, Hubbard LD, et al.: Revised formulas for summarizing retinal vessel diameters. Curr Eye Res 2003, 27:143–149.
Stanton AV, Wasan B, Cerutti A, et al.: Vascular network changes in the retina with age and hypertension. J Hypertens 1995, 13:1724–1728.
Chapman N, Dell’Omo G, Sartini MS, et al.: Peripheral vascular disease is associated with abnormal arteriolar diameter relationships at bifurcations in the human retina. Clin Sci (Lond) 2002, 103:111–116.
Witt N, Wong TY, Hughes AD, et al.: Abnormalities of retinal microvascular structure and risk of mortality from ischemic heart disease and stroke. Hypertension 2006, 47:975–981.
Ikram MK, de Jong FJ, Vingerling JR, et al.: Are retinal arteriolar or venular diameters associated with markers for cardiovascular disorders? The Rotterdam Study. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2004, 45:2129–2134.
Klein R, Klein BE, Moss SE, et al.: The relation of retinal vessel caliber to the incidence and progression of diabetic retinopathy: XIX: the Wisconsin Epidemiologic Study of Diabetic Retinopathy. Arch Ophthalmol 2004, 122:76–83.
King LA, Stanton AV, Sever PS, et al.: Arteriolar length-diameter (L:D) ratio: a geometric parameter of the retinal vasculature diagnostic of hypertension. J Hum Hypertens 1996, 10:417–418.
Zamir M, Medeiros JA, Cunningham TK: Arterial bifurcations in the human retina. J Gen Physiol 1979, 74:537–548.
Griffith TM, Edwards DH, Davies RLI, et al.: EDRF coordinates the behaviour of vascular resistance vessels. Nature 1987, 329:442–445.
Kristinsson JK, Gottfredsdottir MS, Stefansson E: Retinal vessel dilatation and elongation precedes diabetic macular oedema. Br J Ophthalmol 1997, 81:274–278.
Daniels SR, Lipman MJ, Burke MJ, Loggie JM: Determinants of retinal vascular abnormalities in children and adolescents with essential hypertension. J Hum Hypertens 1993, 7:223–228.
Wolffsohn JS, Napper GA, Ho SM, et al.: Improving the description of the retinal vasculature and patient history taking for monitoring systemic hypertension. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2001, 21:441–449.
de Margerie J, Boyd TA: A statistical investigation of the correlation of retinal arteriolar tortuosity with blood pressure and age. Trans Can Opthalmolog Soc 1961, 24:6–17.
Kwa VI, van der Sande JJ, Stam J, et al.: Retinal arterial changes correlate with cerebral small-vessel disease. Neurology 2002, 59:1536–1540.
Michelson EL, Morganroth J, Nichols CW, MacVaugh H III: Retinal arteriolar changes as an indicator of coronary artery disease. Arch Intern Med 1979, 139:1139–1141.
Stanton AV, Mullaney P, Mee F, et al.: A method of quantifying retinal microvascular alterations associated with blood pressure and age. J Hypertens 1995, 13:41–48.
Hughes AD, Martinez-Perez E, Jabbar AS, et al.: Quantification of topological changes in retinal vascular architecture in essential and malignant hypertension. J Hypertens 2006, 24:889–894.
Murray C: The physiological principle of minimum work applied to the angle of branching of arteries. J Gen Physiol 1926, 9:835–841.
Chapman N, Mohamudally A, Cerutti A, et al.: Retinal vascular network architecture in low-birth-weight men. J Hypertens 1997, 15(12 Pt 1):1449–1453.
Masters BR: Fractal analysis of the vascular tree in the human retina. Annu Rev Biomed Eng 2004, 6:427–452.
Avakian A, Kalina RE, Sage EH, et al.: Fractal analysis of region-based vascular change in the normal and non-proliferative diabetic retina. Curr Eye Res 2002, 24:274–280.
Bock KD: Regression of retinal vascular changes by antihypertensive therapy. Hypertension 1984, 6(6 Pt 2):III158–III162.
Hollenhorst RW, Wagener HP: The ocular fundi in relation to operations for hypertensive cardiovascular disease. Am J Med Sci 1945, 218:225.
Dollery CT, Hill DW, Hodge JV: The response of normal retinal blood vessels to angiotensin and noradrenaline. J Physiol 1963, 165:500–507.