The chemical composition of subducting sediment and its consequences for the crust and mantle

Chemical Geology - Tập 145 Số 3-4 - Trang 325-394 - 1998
Terry Plank1, C. H. Langmuir2
1Department of Geology, 120 Lindley Hall, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
2Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory and Columbia University, Palisades, NY 10964, USA

Tóm tắt

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

Abrams, L.J., Larson, R.L., Shipley, T.H., Lancelot, Y., 1992. The seismic stratigraphy and sedimentary history of the East Mariana and Pigafetta basins of the western Pacific, In: Larson, R., Lancelot, Y., et al. (Eds.), Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results, 129. Ocean Drilling Program, College Station, TX, pp. 551–570.

Anderson, 1989, Uranium deposition in Saanich Inlet sediments, Vancouver Island, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 53, 2205, 10.1016/0016-7037(89)90344-X

Armstrong, 1968, A model for the evolution of strontium and lead isotopes in a dynamic Earth, Rev. Geophys., 6, 175, 10.1029/RG006i002p00175

Armstrong, 1991, The persistent myth of crustal growth, Aust. J. Earth Sci., 38, 613, 10.1080/08120099108727995

Aubouin, J., von Huene, R., et al. (Eds.), 1982. Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project 67. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington D.C.

Bacon, 1982, Distribution of thorium isotopes between dissolved and particulate forms in the deep sea, J. Geophys. Res., 87, 2045, 10.1029/JC087iC03p02045

Baker, 1982, Diagenesis of carbonate in deep-sea sediments — Evidence from Sr/Ca ratios and interstitial dissolved Sr2+ data, J. Sediment. Petrol., 52, 71

Baker, P.A., Malone, M.J., Burns, S.J., Swart, P.K., 1990. Minor element and stable isotope composition of the carbonate fine fraction: Site 709, Indian Ocean. In: Duncan, R.A., Backman, J., Person, L.C. (Eds.), Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results, 115. Ocean Drilling Program, College Station, TX.

Barrett, 1987, Metalliferous sediments from DSDP Leg 92: The East Pacific Rise transect, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 51, 2241, 10.1016/0016-7037(87)90278-X

Barrett, 1988, Rare earth element geochemistry of metalliferous sediments from DSDP Leg 92: The East Pacific Rise, Chem. Geol., 67, 243, 10.1016/0009-2541(88)90131-3

Beavan, 1990, A GPS study of the Philippine Sea Plate, EOS, 71, 857

Ben Othman, 1989, The geochemistry of marine sediments, island arc magma genesis and crust–mantle recycling, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 94, 1, 10.1016/0012-821X(89)90079-4

Bevis, 1995, Geodetic observations of very rapid convergence and back-arc extension at the Tonga arc, Nature, 374, 249, 10.1038/374249a0

Bishop, 1988, The barite–opal–organic carbon association in oceanic particulate matter, Nature, 332, 341, 10.1038/332341a0

Bloomer, 1986, Petrology and geochemistry of igneous rocks from the Tonga trench — A non-accreting plate boundary, J. Geol., 95, 469, 10.1086/629144

Bouquillon, A., France-Lanord, C., Michard, A., Tiercelin, J., 1990. Sedimentology and isotopic chemistry of the Bengal Fan sediments: The denudation of the Himalaya. Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results., 116. Ocean Drilling Program, College Station, TX, pp. 43–58.

Briqueu, 1983, Sr isotopes and K, Rb, Sr balance in sediments and igneous rocks from the subducted plate of the Vanuatu (New Hebrides) active margin, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 47, 191, 10.1016/0016-7037(83)90132-1

Cameron, D.H., 1975. Carbon and carbonate analyses, Leg 30. In: Andrews, J.E., Packham, G., et al. (Eds.), Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project 30. U.S. Printing Office, Washington D.C., pp. 687–688.

Carr, 1990, Incompatible element and isotopic evidence for tectonic control of source mixing and melt extraction along the Central American arc, Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., 105, 369, 10.1007/BF00286825

Colley, 1989, Uranium relocations and derivation of quasi-isochrons for a turbidite/pelagic sequence in the northeast Atlantic, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 53, 1223, 10.1016/0016-7037(89)90058-6

Collot, J.-Y., Green, H.G., Stocking, L.B., et al. (Eds.), 1992. Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Initial Reports, 134. Ocean Drilling Program, College Station, TX.

Compton, J.S., 1992. Early diagenesis and the origin of diagenetic carbonate in sediment recovered from the Argo basin, northeast Indian Ocean, Ocean Drilling Program Leg 123, Site 765. In: Gradstein, F.M., Ludden, J.L., et al. (Eds.), Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program. Scientific Results 123, 77-88.

Cook, P.J., 1974. Major and trace element geochemistry of sediments from DSDP, Leg 27, Sites 259-263, eastern Indian Ocean. In: Veevers, J.J., Heirtzler, J.R., et al. (Eds.), Initial Reports of the Deep Ocean Drilling Project, 27. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington D.C., pp. 481–498.

Condie, 1993, Chemical composition and evolution of the upper continental crust: contrasting results from surface samples and shales, Chem. Geol., 104, 1, 10.1016/0009-2541(93)90140-E

Cousens, 1994, Subduction-modified pelagic sediments as the enriched component in back-arc basalts from the Japan Sea: Ocean Drilling Program Sites 797 and 794, Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., 117, 421, 10.1007/BF00307275

Creager, J.S., Scholl, D.W., et al. (Eds.), 1973. Initial Reports of the Deep Ocean Drilling Project, 19. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington D.C.

Davidson, 1987, Crustal contamination vs. subduction zones enrichment: examples from the Lesser Antilles and implications for mantle source compositions of island arc volcanic rocks, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 51, 2185, 10.1016/0016-7037(87)90268-7

Davis, 1983, Mechanics of fold-and-thrust belts and accretionary wedges, J. Geophys. Res., 88, 1153, 10.1029/JB088iB02p01153

Dehairs, 1980, Discrete suspended particles of barite and the barium cycle in the open ocean, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 49, 528, 10.1016/0012-821X(80)90094-1

DeMets, 1994, Effect of recent revisions to the geomagnetic reversal time scale on estimates of current plate motions, Geophys. Res. Lett., 21, 2191, 10.1029/94GL02118

DeMets, 1990, Current plate motions, Geophys. J. Int., 101, 425, 10.1111/j.1365-246X.1990.tb06579.x

Devey, 1990, Active submarine volcanism on the Society hotspot swell (W. Pacific): A geochemical study, J. Geophys. Res., 95, 5049, 10.1029/JB095iB04p05049

Dixon, 1991, First epoch geodetic measurements with the Global Positioning System across the northern Caribbean Plate boundary zone, J. Geophys. Res., 96, 2397, 10.1029/90JB02003

Dolan, 1989, Upslope deposition of extremely distal turbidites: An example from the Tiburon Rise, west-central Atlantic, Geology, 17, 990, 10.1130/0091-7613(1989)017<0990:UDOEDT>2.3.CO;2

Dymond, 1981, Geochemistry of Nazca plate surface sediments: An evaluation of hydrothermal, biogenic, detrital and hydrogenous sources, Geol. Soc. Am. Mem., 154, 133

Dymond, 1992, Barium in deep-sea sediment: a geochemical proxy for paleoproductivity, Paleoceanography, 7, 163, 10.1029/92PA00181

Edmond, 1982, Chemistry of hot springs on the East Pacific Rise and their effluent dispersal, Nature, 297, 187, 10.1038/297187a0

Elderfield, 1981, Negative cerium anomalies in the rare earth element patterns of oceanic ferromanganese nodules, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 55, 163, 10.1016/0012-821X(81)90095-9

Elderfield, 1982, The rare earth elements in seawater, Nature, 296, 214, 10.1038/296214a0

Elderfield, 1986, Rare earth elements in ichthyoliths: Variations with redox conditions and depositional environment, Sci. Total Envir., 49, 175, 10.1016/0048-9697(86)90239-1

Ellam, 1988, Is average continental crust generated at subduction zones?, Geology, 16, 314, 10.1130/0091-7613(1988)016<0314:IACCGA>2.3.CO;2

Elliott, 1997, Element transport from slab to volcanic front at the Mariana arc, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 14991, 10.1029/97JB00788

Ewart, 1994, Regional geochemistry of the Lau–Tonga arc and backarc systems, Proc. Ocean Drilling Program., Scientific Results, 135, 385

Fisher, A.T., Abrams, L., Busch, W.T., 1992. Comparison of laboratory and logging data from leg 129 and the inversion of logs to determine lithology. In: Larson, R.L., Lancelot, Y., et al. (Eds.), Proc. Ocean Drilling Program., Scientific Results, 129. Ocean Drilling Program, College Station, TX, pp. 507–527.

France-Lanord, C., Michard, A., Karpoff, A.M., 1992. Major element and Sr isotope composition of interstitial waters in sediments from Leg 129: the role of diagenetic reactions. In: Larson, R.L., Lancelot, Y., et al. (Eds.), Proc. Ocean Drilling Program., Scientific Results, 129. Ocean Drilling Program, College Station, TX, pp. 267–282.

Froelich, P.N., Mortlock, R.A., Mefferd, M., Powers, J., 1991. Interstitial-water chemistry: Abyssal South Atlantic and East Georgia basins, Islas Orcadas and Meteor Rises. Proc. Ocean Drilling Program., Scientific Results, 114. Ocean Drilling Program, College Station, TX, pp. 719–731.

German, 1990, Hydrothermal scavenging of rare earth elements in the ocean, Nature, 345, 516, 10.1038/345516a0

Gill, J.B., 1981. Orogenic Andesites and Plate Tectonics. Springer-Verlag, New York.

Gorton, 1977, The geochemistry and origin of Quaternary volcanism in the New Hebrides, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 41, 1257, 10.1016/0016-7037(77)90071-0

Graham, 1982, Strontium–calcium ratios in Cenozoic planktonic foraminifera, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 46, 1281, 10.1016/0016-7037(82)90012-6

Gromet, 1984, The `North American shale composite': Its compilation, major and trace element characteristics, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta., 48, 2469, 10.1016/0016-7037(84)90298-9

Hamilton, W., 1979. Tectonics of the Indonesian region: U.S.G.S. Prof. Pap., 1078.

Hay, 1988, Mass/age distribution and composition of sediments on the ocean floor and the global rate of sediment subduction, J. Geophys. Res., 93, 14933, 10.1029/JB093iB12p14933

Haymon, 1981, Hot springs deposits on the East Pacific Rise at 21°N: Preliminary description of mineralogy and genesis, Earth Plant. Sci. Lett., 53, 363, 10.1016/0012-821X(81)90041-8

Heath, 1977, Genesis and transformation of metalliferous sediments from the East Pacific rise, Bauer deep, and central basin, northwest Nazca plate, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 88, 723, 10.1130/0016-7606(1977)88<723:GATOMS>2.0.CO;2

Hein, J.R., Sancetta, C., Morgenson, L.A. (Eds.), 1983, Petrology and geochemistry of silicified upper Miocene chalk, Costa Rica Rift, DSDP Leg 69. Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project 69. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington D.C., pp. 395–409.

Hilde, 1983, Sediment subduction versus accretion around the Pacific, Tectonophysics, 99, 381, 10.1016/0040-1951(83)90114-2

Hofmann, 1997, Mantle geochemistry: The message from oceanic volcanism, Nature, 385, 219, 10.1038/385219a0

Hofmann, 1982, Mantle plumes from ancient oceanic crust, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 57, 421, 10.1016/0012-821X(82)90161-3

Hofmann, 1986, Nb and Pb in oceanic basalts: New constraints on mantle evolution, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 79, 33, 10.1016/0012-821X(86)90038-5

Hole, 1984, Subduction of pelagic sediments: Implications for the origin of Ce-anomalous basalts from the Mariana islands, Geol. Soc. (London), 141, 453, 10.1144/gsjgs.141.3.0453

Hollister, 1979, Metamorphism and crustal displacements: New insights, Episodes, 1979, 3, 10.18814/epiiugs/1979/v2i3/001

Hollister, 1982, Metamorphic evidence for rapid (2 mm/yr) uplift of a portion of the Central Gneiss Complex, Coast Mountains, B.C., Can. Mineral., 20, 319

Hussong, D.M., Uyeda, S., Tectonic processes and the history of the Mariana arc: A synthesis of the results of DSDP 60. In: Hussong, D.M., Uyeda, S., et al. (Eds.), Initial Reports of the Deep Ocean Drilling Project 60. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington D.C., pp. 909–929, 1981.

Hussong, D.M., Uyeda, S., et al. (Eds.), 1982. Initial Reports of the Deep Ocean Drilling Project, 60. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington D.C.

Jarrard, 1991, High-resolution geochemical variations at sites 723, 728, and 731: A comparison of X-ray fluorescence and geochemical logs, Proc. Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results, 117, 473

Karig, 1981, Fate of sediments on the descending plate at convergent margins, Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond., 301, 233, 10.1098/rsta.1981.0108

Karig, 1975, Subduction and accretion in trenches, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 86, 377, 10.1130/0016-7606(1975)86<377:SAAIT>2.0.CO;2

Karl, S.M., Wandless, G.A., Karpoff, A.M., 1992. Sedimentological and geochemical characteristics of ODP Leg 129 siliceous deposits. In: Larson, R., Lancelot, Y., et al. (Eds.), Proc. Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results, 129. Ocean Drilling Program, College Station, TX, pp. 31–80.

Karpoff, A.M., 1992. Cenozoic and Mesozoic sediments from the Pigafetta Basin, Leg 129, Sites 800 and 801: mineralogical and geochemical trends of the deposits overlying the oldest oceanic crust. In: Larson, R.L., Lancelot, Y., et al. (Eds.), Proc. Ocean Drilling Program., Scientific Results, 129. Ocean Drilling Program, College Station, TX, pp. 3–30.

Kay, 1988, Crustal recycling and the Aleutian arc, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 52, 1351, 10.1016/0016-7037(88)90206-2

Kay, 1978, Pb and Sr isotopes in volcanic rocks from the Aleutian islands and Pribilof islands, Alaska, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 42, 263, 10.1016/0016-7037(78)90178-3

Kersting, 1995, Pb isotope composition of Klyuchevskoy Volcano, Kamchatka and North Pacific sediments; implications for magma genesis and crustal recycling in the Kamchatkan arc, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 136, 133, 10.1016/0012-821X(95)00196-J

Klinkhammer, 1991, Uranium in the oceans: Where it goes and why, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 55, 1799, 10.1016/0016-7037(91)90024-Y

Kyte, 1993, Elemental geochemistry of core LL44-GPC3 and a model for the Cenozoic sedimentation history of the central North Pacific, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 57, 1719, 10.1016/0016-7037(93)90109-A

Ladd, J.W., Westbrook, G.K., Buhl, P., Bangs, N., 1990. Wide-aperture seismic reflection profiles across the Barbados ridge complex. In: Moore, J.C., Mascle, A., et al. (Eds.), Proc. Ocean Drilling Program, 110: Ocean Drilling Program, College Station, TX, pp. 3–6.

Lancelot, Y., Larson, R., et al. (Eds.), 1990. Proc. Ocean Drilling Program, 129: Ocean Drilling Program, College Station, TX.

Le Pichon, X., 1983. Land-locked oceanic basins and continental collision: the Eastern Mediterranean as a case example. In: Hsu, K.J. (Ed.), Mountain Building Processes, Academic, Troy, pp. 201–211.

Lees, G.J., Rowbotham, G., Floyd, P.A., 1992. Petrography and geochemistry of graded volcaniclastic sediments and their clasts, Leg 129. In: Larson, R.L., Lancelot, Y., et al. (Eds.), Proc. Ocean Drilling Program., Scientific Results, 129. Ocean Drilling Program, College Station, TX, pp. 137–152.

Legget, J.K., 1982. Geochemistry of Cocos Plate pelagic-hemipelagic sediment in Hole 487, DSDP Leg 66. In: Watkins, J.S., Moore, J.C., et al. (Eds.), Initial Reports of the Deep Ocean Drilling Project 66. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington D.C., pp. 683–686.

Leinen, 1987, The origin of paleochemical signatures in North Pacific pelagic clays: Partitioning experiments, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 51, 305, 10.1016/0016-7037(87)90243-2

Leinen, 1984, An objective technique for determining end-member compositions and for partitioning sediments according to their sources, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 48, 47, 10.1016/0016-7037(84)90348-X

Lin, 1992, Trace element and isotopic characteristics of western Pacific pelagic sediments: Implications for the petrogenesis of Mariana arc magmas, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 56, 1641, 10.1016/0016-7037(92)90231-7

Ludden, J.N., Gradstein, F.M., et al. (Eds.), 1990. Proc. Ocean Drilling Program, Initial Rep., 123. Ocean Drilling Program, College Station, TX.

Ludwig, W.J., Houtz, R.E., 1979. Isopach map of sediments in the Pacific Ocean basin and marginal seas basins. Am. Assoc. Petrol. Geol.

Lyle, M.W., 1986. Major element composition of Leg 92 sediments. In: Initial Reports of Deep Sea Drilling Project, vol. 92. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., pp. 355–370.

McCulloch, 1994, Progressive growth of the Earth's continental crust and depleted mantle: Geochemical constraints, Geochim. Cosmochim. A., 58, 4717, 10.1016/0016-7037(94)90203-8

McDermott, 1991, Th, Pb and Sr isotope variation in young island arc volcanics and oceanic sediments, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 104, 1, 10.1016/0012-821X(91)90232-7

McDonough, 1992, Potassium, rubidium, and cesium in the Earth and Moon and the evolution of the mantle of the Earth, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 56, 1001, 10.1016/0016-7037(92)90043-I

McLennan, 1988, Recycling of the continental crust, Pure Appl. Geophys., 128, 683, 10.1007/BF00874553

McLennan, 1990, Geochemical and Nd–Sr isotopic composition of deep-sea turbidites: Crustal evolution and plate tectonic associations, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 54, 2015, 10.1016/0016-7037(90)90269-Q

Meijer, 1976, Pb and Sr isotopic data bearing on the origin of volcanic rocks from the Mariana island-arc system, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 87, 1358, 10.1130/0016-7606(1976)87<1358:PASIDB>2.0.CO;2

Menard, H.W., Natland, J., Jordan, T.H., Orcutt, J.A., et al. (Eds.), 1987. Initial Reports of the Deep Ocean Drilling Project 91. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington D.C.

Miller, 1992, The importance of parental magma composition to calc-alkaline and tholeiitic evolution: Evidence from Umnak island in the Aleutians, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 321, 10.1029/91JB02150

Mo, 1973, Uranium concentrations in marine sediments, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 37, 35, 10.1016/0016-7037(73)90242-1

Moorbath, 1977, Ages, isotopes and evolution of Precambrian continental crust, Chem. Geol., 20, 151, 10.1016/0009-2541(77)90042-0

Moore, 1988, Mechanisms of sediment accretion in the Middle America Trench off Mexico, J. Geophys. Res., 93, 8911, 10.1029/JB093iB08p08911

Moore, 1982, Sedimentation in the Sunda trench and forearc region, Geol. Sci. London Spec. Publ., 10, 245, 10.1144/GSL.SP.1982.010.01.16

Moore, G.F., Curray, J.R., D.G. Moore, Karig, D.E., 1980. Variations in geologic structure along the Sunda fore arc, northeastern Indian Ocean. In: Hayes, D.E. (Ed.), The Tectonic and Geologic Evolution of Southeast Asian Seas and Islands: Washington (Am. Geophys. Union), 145-160.

Moore, 1988, Tectonics and hydrogeology of the northern Barbados Ridge: Results from Ocean Drilling Program Leg 110, Geology, 100, 1578

Morris, 1989, 10Be and 9Be in mineral separates and whole rocks from volcanic arcs: Implications for sediment subduction, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 53, 3197, 10.1016/0016-7037(89)90100-2

Mottl, 1978, Chemical Exchange during hydrothermal alteration of basalt by seawater I. Experimental results for major and minor components of seawater, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta., 42, 1103, 10.1016/0016-7037(78)90107-2

Nesbitt, 1980, Chemical processes affecting alkalis and alkaline earths during continental weathering, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 44, 1659, 10.1016/0016-7037(80)90218-5

Patchett, 1984, Hafnium/rare earth element fractionation in the sedimentary system and crustal recycling into the Earth's mantle, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 69, 365, 10.1016/0012-821X(84)90195-X

Peate, 1997, Geochemical variations in Vanuatu arc lavas: the role of subducted material and a variable mantle wedge composition, J. Pet., 38, 1331, 10.1093/petroj/38.10.1331

Pickering, K.T., Marsh, N.G., Dickie, B., 1993. Data report: Inorganic major, trace, and rare earth element analyses of the muds and mudstones from site 808. In: Proc. Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results 131, 427-439.

Pimm, A.C., 1974. Mineralization and trace element variations in deep-sea pelagic sediments of the Wharton basin, Indian Ocean. In: Von der Borch, C.C., Sclater, J.G., et al. (Eds.), Initial Reports of the Deep Ocean Drilling Project, 22. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington D.C., pp. 469–476.

Piper, 1974, Rare earth elements in ferromanganese nodules and other marine phases, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 38, 1007, 10.1016/0016-7037(74)90002-7

Plank, T., 1993. Mantle Melting and Crustal Recycling at Subduction Zones. Ph.D. dissertation. Columbia University, New York, 439 pp.

Plank, 1988, An evaluation of the global variations in the major element chemistry of arc basalt, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 90, 349, 10.1016/0012-821X(88)90135-5

Plank, 1993, Tracing trace element from sediment input to volcanic output at subduction zones, Nature, 362, 739, 10.1038/362739a0

Plank, T., Ludden, J.N., 1992. Geochemistry of sediment in the Argo Abyssal Plain at Site 765: A continental margin reference section for sediment recycling in subduction zones. In: Gradstein, F.M., Ludden, J.N., et al. (Eds.), Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results, 123. Ocean Drilling Program, College Station, TX, pp. 167–189.

Pratson, E.L., Broglia, C., Molinie, A., Abrams, L., 1992. Geochemical well logs through Cenozoic and Mesozoic sediment from Sites 800, 801 and 802. In: Lancelot, Y., Larson, R.L., et al. (Eds.), Proc. Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results, 129. Ocean Drilling Program, College Station, TX.

Rea, 1996, Composition and mass flux of sediment entering the world's subduction zones: Implications for global sediment budgets, great earthquakes, and volcanism, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 140, 1, 10.1016/0012-821X(96)00036-2

Renard, M., Richebois, G., Letolle, R., 1983. Trace element and stable isotope geochemistry of Paleocene to Coniacian carbonate samples from Hole 516F, comparison with North Atlantic and Tethys sites. In: Barker, P.F., Carlson, R.J., Johnson, D.A., et al. (Eds.), Initial Reports of the Deep Ocean Drilling Project 72. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington D.C..

Reymer, 1984, Phanerozoic addition rates to the continental crust and crustal growth, Tectonics, 3, 63, 10.1029/TC003i001p00063

Rudnick, 1995, Making continental crust, Nature, 378, 571, 10.1038/378571a0

Rudnick, 1995, Nature and composition of the continental crust: A lower crustal perspective, Rev. Geophys., 33, 267, 10.1029/95RG01302

Ruhlin, 1986, The rare earth element geochemistry of hydrothermal sediments from the East Pacific Rise: Examination of a seawater scavenging mechanism, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta., 50, 393, 10.1016/0016-7037(86)90192-4

Ryan, 1982, Geological evidence concerning compressional tectonics in the Eastern Mediterranean, Tectonophys., 86, 213, 10.1016/0040-1951(82)90068-3

Samson, 1991, Nd and Sr isotopic constraints on the petrogenesis of the west side of the northern Coast Mountains batholith, Alaskan and Canadian Cordillera, Can. J. Earth Sci., 28, 939, 10.1139/e91-085

Schmitz, 1987, Barium, equatorial high productivity, and the northward wandering of the Indian continent, Paleoceanography, 2, 63, 10.1029/PA002i001p00063

Schweller, W.J., Kulm, L.D., Prince, R.A., 1981. Tectonics, structure, and sedimentary framework of the Peru-Chile Trench. In: Kulm, L.D., Dymond, J., Dasch, E.J., Hussong, D.M. (Eds.), Nazca Plate: Crustal formation and Andean convergence. Geol. Soc. Am., Mem. 154, 323–349.

Seno, 1993, A model for the motion of the Philippine sea plate consistent with NUVEL-1 and geological data, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 17941, 10.1029/93JB00782

Shaw, 1976, Additional estimates of continental surface Precambrian shield composition in Canada, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 40, 73, 10.1016/0016-7037(76)90195-2

Shaw, 1967, An estimate of the chemical composition of the Canadian Precambrian shield, Can. J. Earth Sci., 4, 829, 10.1139/e67-058

Shreve, 1986, Dynamics of sediment subduction, melange formation and prism accretion, J. Geophys. Res., 91, 10229, 10.1029/JB091iB10p10229

Staudigel, 1985, Sr and Nd isotopic systematics in fish teeth, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 76, 45, 10.1016/0012-821X(85)90147-5

Staudigel, 1989, Cretaceous ocean crust at DSDP Sites 417 and 418: Carbon uptake from weathering versus loss by magmatic outgassing, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 53, 3091, 10.1016/0016-7037(89)90189-0

Staudigel, 1991, The longevity of the South Pacific isotopic and thermal anomaly, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 102, 24, 10.1016/0012-821X(91)90015-A

Stern, 1983, Trace element and isotopic constraints on the source of magmas in the active Volcano and Mariana island arcs, western Pacific, J. Volc. Geotherm. Res., 18, 461, 10.1016/0377-0273(83)90021-5

Stolz, 1996, Fluid- and melt-related enrichment in the subarc mantle: Evidence form Nb/Ta variations in island-arc basalts, Geology, 24, 587, 10.1130/0091-7613(1996)024<0587:FAMREI>2.3.CO;2

Subramanian, 1985, Chemical composition of river sediments from the Indian Sub-Continent, Chem. Geol., 48, 271, 10.1016/0009-2541(85)90052-X

Sun, 1980, Lead isotopic study of young volcanic rocks from mid-ocean ridges, ocean islands and island arcs., Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond., A297, 409

Sykes, 1982, Motion of Caribbean plate during last 7 million years and implications for earlier Cenozoic motions, J. Geophys. Res., 87, 10656, 10.1029/JB087iB13p10656

Taylor, 1993, Mechanisms for rapid reversals of vertical motions in the New Hebrides and Solomon arcs related to colliding features, EOS (Am. Geophys. Union), 74, 545

Taylor, 1995, Geodetic measurements of convergence at the New Hebrides island arc indicate arc fragmentation caused by an impinging aseismic ridge, Geology, 23, 1011, 10.1130/0091-7613(1995)023<1011:GMOCAT>2.3.CO;2

Taylor, 1964, Abundance of chemical elements in the continental crust: a new table, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 28, 1273, 10.1016/0016-7037(64)90129-2

Taylor, S.R., 1977. Island arc models and the composition of the continental crust. In: Talwani, M., Pitman III, W.C. (Eds.), Island arcs Deep Sea Trenches and Back-Arc Basins, Maurice Ewing Series 1, AGU.

Taylor, S.R., McLennan, S.M., 1985. The Continental Crust: its Composition and Evolution. Blackwell., Oxford.

Taylor, 1983, Geochemistry of loess, continental crustal composition and crustal model ages, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 47, 1897, 10.1016/0016-7037(83)90206-5

Tera, 1986, Sediment incorporation in island-arc magmas: Inferences from 10Be, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 50, 535, 10.1016/0016-7037(86)90103-1

Torrini, 1989, Tectonic wedging in the forearc basin–accretionary prism transition, Lesser Antilles Forearc, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 10549, 10.1029/JB094iB08p10549

Toyoda, 1990, Rare earth elements of Pacific pelagic sediments, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 54, 1093, 10.1016/0016-7037(90)90441-M

Tregoning, 1994, First geodetic measurement of convergence across the Java trench, Geophys. Res. Lett., 21, 2135, 10.1029/94GL01856

Tucholke, B.E., Houtz, R.E., Ludwig, W.J., 1982. Maps of sediment thickness and depth to basement in the western north Atlantic Ocean basin. Am. Assoc. Petrol. Geol.

Veizer, 1985, Basement and sedimentary recycling-2: Time dimension to global tectonics, J. Geol., 93, 625, 10.1086/628992

von Breymann, M.T., Emeis, K.-C., Camerlenghi, A., 1990. Geochemistry of sediment from the Peru upwelling area: Results from Sites 680, 682. 685, 688. In: Suess, E., von Huene, R., et al. (Eds.), Proc. Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results 112, 491-503.

von Damn, 1985, Chemistry of submarine hydrothermal solutions at 21°N, East Pacific Rise, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 49, 2197, 10.1016/0016-7037(85)90222-4

von Drach, 1986, Nd and Sr isotopes in the Aleutians: multicomponent parenthood of island arc magmas, Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., 92, 13, 10.1007/BF00373960

von Huene, 1986, To accrete or not to accrete, that is the question, Geol. Rundsch., 75, 1, 10.1007/BF01770175

von Huene, 1990, Tectonic erosion along the Japan and Peru convergent margins, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 102, 704, 10.1130/0016-7606(1990)102<0704:TEATJA>2.3.CO;2

von Huene, 1991, Observations at convergent margins concerning sediment subduction, subduction erosion, and the growth of continental crust, Rev. Geophys., 29, 279, 10.1029/91RG00969

von Huene, 1993, The return of sialic material to the mantle indicated by terrigenous material subducted at convergent margins, Tectonophysics, 219, 163, 10.1016/0040-1951(93)90294-T

Vroon, 1995, Strontium, neodymium, and lead isotopic and trace-element signatures of the East Indonesian sediments: Provenance and implications for Banda Arc magma genesis, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 59, 2573, 10.1016/0016-7037(95)00151-4

Wang, Y.-C., Gieskes, J.M., Musoke, L., 1990. Bulk chemical analyses of sediments — Hole 671B. In: Moore, J.C., Mascle, A., et al. (Eds.), Proc. Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results, 110. Ocean Drilling Program, College Station, TX.

Wang, 1986, Rare earth element geochemistry of South Atlantic deep sea sediments: Ce anomaly change at ∼54 My, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 50, 1335, 10.1016/0016-7037(86)90310-8

Watkins, J.S., Moore, J.C., et al. (Eds.), 1982. Initial Reports of the Deep Ocean Drilling Project 66. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington D.C..

Weaver, 1991, The origin of ocean island basalt end-member compositions: trace element and isotopic constraints, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 104, 381, 10.1016/0012-821X(91)90217-6

Westbrook, 1983, Long decollement and mud volcanoes: Evidence from the Barbados Ridge Complex for the role of high pore-fluid pressure in the development of an accretionary complex, Geology, 11, 279, 10.1130/0091-7613(1983)11<279:LDAMVE>2.0.CO;2

Westbrook, 1988, Cross section of an accretionary wedge: Barbados Ridge complex, Geology, 16, 631, 10.1130/0091-7613(1988)016<0631:CSOAAW>2.3.CO;2

White, 1985, Isotope and trace element geochemistry of sediments from the Barbados Ridge — Demerara Plain region, Atlantic Ocean, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 49, 1875, 10.1016/0016-7037(85)90082-1

White, 1984, Hf–Nd–Sr isotopes and incompatible element abundances in island arcs: implications fro magma origins and crust–mantle evolution, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 67, 167, 10.1016/0012-821X(84)90112-2

White, 1986, Hf isotope ratios of marine sediments and Mn nodules: Evidence for a mantle source of Hf in seawater, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 79, 46, 10.1016/0012-821X(86)90039-7

Winterer, E.L., 1989. Sediment thickness map of the Northeast Pacific. The Geology of North America, v. N, pp. 307–310.

Woodhead, 1989, Geochemistry of the Mariana arc (western Pacific): source composition and processes, Chem. Geol., 76, 1, 10.1016/0009-2541(89)90124-1

Woodhead, 1993, Geochemistry of the Pitcairn Seamounts, I: source character and temporal trends, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 116, 81, 10.1016/0012-821X(93)90046-C

Woodhead, 1985, Pb, Sr and 10 Be isotopic studies of volcanic rocks from the Northern Mariana Islands. Implication for magma genesis and crustal recycling in the Western Pacific, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 49, 1925, 10.1016/0016-7037(85)90087-0

Wright, 1984, REE and Nd isotopes in conodont apatite: variations with geological age and depositional environment, Geol. Soc. Am. Spec. Pap., 196, 325

Zhou, 1992, Sedimentation history of the South Pacific pelagic clay province over the last 85 million years inferred from the geochemistry of DSDP Hole 596, Paleoceanography, 7, 441, 10.1029/92PA01063

Zhou, L., 1990. Characterization of chemical signatures in sediments: Applications to selected problems. Ph.D. dissertation. University of California, Los Angeles.

Zindler, 1986, Chemical geodynamics, Ann. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci., 14, 493, 10.1146/annurev.ea.14.050186.002425

von Huene, R., Aubouin, J., 1982. Summary-Leg 67, Middle America trench transect off Guatamala. In: Aubouin, J., von Huene, R., et al. (Eds.), Proc. Deep Sea Drilling Program, Init. Rep., 67, 775–793.