The chemical composition including the Rare Earth Elements of the three major glass types of Europe and the Orient used in late antiquity and the Middle Ages

Andréossy, A.F., 1823. Memoire sur la vallée des lacs Natroun et celle du Fleuve sans eau, d’apres la reconnaissance faite 4, 5, 6, 7 et 8 pluviose, An VII (23–27 janv. 1799). Description de l’Egypt, Etat Moderne XII.C.L.F. Barkoudah, 2006, Plant ashes from Syria and the manufacture of ancient glass: ethnographic and scientific aspects, Journal of Glass Studies, 48, 297 Bruland, K.W., Lohan, M.C., 2003. Controls of trace metals in seawater. In: Elderfield, H. (Ed.), The Oceans and Marine Geochemistry, from Holland, H.D., and Turekian, K.K., 2003, Treatise on Geochemistry, vol. 6. Elsevier, Pergamon, pp. 23–47. Eichholz, D.E., 1962. Translation of Pliny Natural History in ten volumes, Volume X Libri XXXVI-XXXVII. Loeb Classical Library: William Heinemann Ltd. and Cambridge, Massachusetts. Harvard University Press. Elderfield, 1982, The rare earth elements in seawater, Nature, 296, 214, 10.1038/296214a0 Gaitzsch, 2000, Spätrömische Glashütten im Hambacher Forst – Produktionsort der ECVA-Fasskrüge, Bonner Jahrbücher, 200, 81 Gao, 1995, The negative Eu anomaly in Archean sedimentary rocks: implications for the decomposition, age and importance of their granitic sources, Earth Planetary Science Letters, 133, 81, 10.1016/0012-821X(95)00077-P Gerth, 1998, Experimental melts to explore the technique of medieval wood ash glass production and the chlorine content of medieval glass types, Chemie der Erde, 58, 219 Jacoby, 1993, Raw materials for the glass industries of Venice and the Terraferma about 1370 – about 1460, Journal of Glass Studies, 35, 65 König, 2002, Mittelalterliche Gläser aus Höxter (ca. 800–1530) Archäologie, Chemie und Geschichte, Neue Ausgrabungen und Forschungen in Niedersachsen, 23, 325 Komp, J., 2006. Archäologisch-naturwissenschaftliche Studien zum römischen Fensterglas im Rheingebiet. Dr-Dissertation Frankfurt. Mirti, 2008, ICP-MS analysis of glass fragments of Parthian and Sasanian epoch from Seleucia and Veh Ardašir (Central Iraque), Archaeometry, 50, 429, 10.1111/j.1475-4754.2007.00344.x Robertshaw, 2010, Chemical analysis of glass beads from Medieval Al-Basra (Morocco), Archaeometry, 52, 355, 10.1111/j.1475-4754.2009.00482.x Sanke, 2002, Karolingerzeitliches Glas aus dem Kloster Lorsch, Zeitschrift für die Archäologie des Mittelalters, 30, 169 Schoer, 2007, The composition of glass and associated ceramics from Qantir, 171 Schmid, 1996, Das Fundmaterial zweier Mittelalterlicher Latrinen aus Mainz, Tritonplatz, Mainzer Archäologische Zeitschrift, 3, 127 Sellner, 1979, Untersuchungen alter Gläser (Waldglas) auf Zusammenhang von Zusammensetzung, Farbe und Schmelzatmosphäre mit der Elektronenspektroskopie und der Elektronenspinresonanz (ESR), Glastechnische Berichte, 52, 255 Shortland, 2005, Natron as a flux in the early vitreous materials industry: sources, beginnings and reasons for decline, Journal of Archaeological Science, 33, 521, 10.1016/j.jas.2005.09.011 Shortland, 2009, Analysis of first millennium BC glass vessels and beads from the Pichvnari Necropolis Georgia, Archaeometry, 51, 947, 10.1111/j.1475-4754.2008.00443.x Stephan, 1997, Mittelalterliches Glas aus dem Reichskloster Corvey. Mit einem Nachtrag zu den Analysenergebnissen von Gläsern aus dem Kloster Brunshausen, Germania, 75, 673 Tite, 2006, The composition of the soda-rich and mixed alkali plant ashes used in the production of glass, Journal of Archaeological Science, 33, 1284, 10.1016/j.jas.2006.01.004 Toyoda, 1990, Rare earth elements of Pacific pelagic sediments, Geochimica Cosmochimica Acta, 54, 1093, 10.1016/0016-7037(90)90441-M Turekian, 1969, The oceans, streams and atmosphere, 10.1007/978-3-642-46300-6_10 Veizer, 1978, Abundance of strontium in common sediments and sedimentary rocks Vellmer, 1994, Geochemical characterization and origin of granitoids from the South Bohemian Batholith in Lower Austria, Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 118, 13, 10.1007/BF00310608 Wedepohl, 1995, The composition of the continental crust, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 59, 1217, 10.1016/0016-7037(95)00038-2 Wedepohl, K.H., Winkelmann, W., Hartmann, G., 1997. Glasfunde aus der karolingischen Pfalz in Paderborn und die frühe Holzasche-Glasherstellung. Ausgrabungen und Funde in Westfalen Lippe 9A, 41–53. Wedepohl, 2005, Die Gruppe der Hedwigsbecher. Nachrichten der Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen, II Mathematisch-Physikalische Klasse, 1, 1 Wedepohl, 2007, Ein Hedwigsbecher-Fragment aus der Burg Bommersheim, Oberursel, Hochtaunuskreis (Hessen), Germania, 85, 109 Wedepohl, 2007, A Hedwig beaker fragment from Brno (Czech Republic), Journal of Glass Studies, 49, 1024 Wedepohl, 1999, Central European Cenozoic plume volcanism with OIB characteristics and indications of a lower mantle source, Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 136, 225, 10.1007/s004100050534 Wedepohl, 2010, The chemical composition of medieval wood ash glass from Central Europe, Chemie der Erde, 70, 89, 10.1016/j.chemer.2009.12.006 Wedepohl, 2011, Data on 61 chemical elements for the characterization of three major glass compositions in late antiquity and the Middle Ages, Archaeometry, 53, 81, 10.1111/j.1475-4754.2010.00536.x Wenigwieser, S., 1992. Mineralogische Untersuchungen an den Evaporiten und Tonen des Wadi el Natrun. Dr Thesis. Karlsruhe.