The changes in smoking stigmatization during the COVID-19 pandemic

Bell, 2010, Smoking, stigma and tobacco ‘denormalization’: further reflections on the use of stigma as a public health tool. A commentary on social science & medicine's stigma, prejudice, discrimination and health special issue, Soc. Sci. Med., 70, 795, 10.1016/j.socscimed.2009.09.060 Crocker, 1998, Social stigma, 504 Robinson, 2020, Self-perception of overweight and obesity: a review of mental and physical health outcomes, Obes. Sci. Prac., 6, 552, 10.1002/osp4.424 Wright, 2000, Deinstitutionalization, social rejection, and self-esteem of former mental patients, J. Health Soc. Behav., 41, 68, 10.2307/2676361 Cataldo, 2011, Measuring stigma in people with lung cancer: psychometric testing of the cataldo lung cancer stigma scale, Oncol. Nurs. Forum, 38, 46, 10.1188/11.ONF.E46-E54 Graham, 2012, Smoking, stigma and social class, J. Soc. Pol., 41, 83, 10.1017/S004727941100033X Ritchie, 2010, But it just has that sort of feel about it, a leper”: stigma, smoke-free legislation and public health, Nicotine Tob. Res., 12, 622, 10.1093/ntr/ntq058 Kim, 2003, Shanahan J. Stigmatizing smokers: public sentiment toward cigarette smoking and its relationship to smoking behaviors, J. Health Commun., 8, 343, 10.1080/10810730305723 Kimber, 2020, Communicating the relative health risks of E-cigarettes: an online experimental study exploring the effects of a comparative health message versus the EU nicotine addiction warnings on smokers' and non-smokers’ risk perceptions and behavioural intentions, Addict. Behav., 101, 10.1016/j.addbeh.2019.106177 Loud, 2021, Popova L addicted to smoking or addicted to nicotine? A focus group study on perception of nicotine and addiction among US adult current smokers, former smokers, non-smokers and dual users of cigarettes and E-cigarettes, Addiction, 117, 472, 10.1111/add.15634 Becker, 1963 Jackson, 2013, The conditional impact of official labeling on subsequent delinquency: considering the attenuating role of family attachment, J. Res. Crime Delinquen., 50, 300, 10.1177/0022427812444931 Dishion, 1995, Peer ecology of male adolescent drug use, Dev. Psychopathol., 7, 803, 10.1017/S0954579400006854 Cheng, 2022, Wearing face masks in the community during the COVID-19 pandemic: altruism and solidarity, Lancet, 399, e39, 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30918-1 Lee H. Violence on Public Transport Surging over Face Masks. The Korea Times. Retrieved from https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/nation/2020/08/251_294996.html [accessed 9 August, 2021]. Yonhap Evans-Polce, 2015, The downside of tobacco control? Smoking and self-stigma: a systematic review, Soc. Sci. Med., 145, 26, 10.1016/j.socscimed.2015.09.026 Hammett, 2018, A proactive smoking cessation intervention for socioeconomically disadvantaged smokers: the role of smoking-related stigma, Nicotine Tob. Res., 20, 286, 10.1093/ntr/ntx085 Grogan, 2020, How has COVID-19 lockdown impacted smoking? A thematic analysis of written accounts from UK smokers, Psychol. Health, 18, 1 Sussman, 2021, Aerial transmission of the sars-cov-2 virus through environmental E-cigarette aerosols: implications for public policies, Int. J. Environ. Res. Publ. Health, 18, 1437, 10.3390/ijerph18041437 Patanavanich, 2020, Smoking is associated with COVID-19 progression: a meta-analysis, Nicotine Tob. Res., 22, 1653, 10.1093/ntr/ntaa082 Klemperer, 2020, Change in tobacco and electronic cigarette use and motivation to quit in response to COVID-19, Nicotine Tob. Res., 22, 1662, 10.1093/ntr/ntaa072 Lee, 2019 Lee, 2021 Cha V. A Time Line of South Korea's Response to COVID-19. Center for Strategic & International Studies. Retrieved from https://www.csis.org/analysis/timeline-south-koreas-response-covid-19 [accessed 20 July, 2021]. Lee, 2016, vol. 9, 183 Kim, 2018, The effects of fear appeal and accrued emotion on intention to quit smoking: focusing on the moderating effect of efficacy and the mediating effect of stigma, The Korean Journal of Advertising and Public Relations, 1, 250, 10.16914/kjapr.2018.20.1.250 Sidor, 2020, Dietary choices and habits during COVID-19 lockdown: experience from Poland, Nutrients, 12, 1, 10.3390/nu12061657 Gibson, 1997, Smoker-non-smoker conflict: using a social psychological framework to understand a current social controversy, J. Soc. Issues, 53, 97, 10.1111/j.1540-4560.1997.tb02433.x Kim, 2003, Stigmatizing smokers: public sentiment toward cigarette smoking and its relationship to smoking behaviors, J. Health Commun., 8, 343, 10.1080/10810730305723 Chambliss, 2016, The social hazards of smoking in academic contexts: students' and teachers' attitudes about student smokers, J. Alcohol Drug Educ., 50, 41 Goldstein, 1991, The stigmatization of smokers: an empirical investigation, J. Drug Educ., 21, 167, 10.2190/Y71P-KXVJ-LR9H-H1MG Stuber, 2009, Stigma and smoking: the consequences of our good intentions, Soc. Serv. Rev., 83, 585, 10.1086/650349