The cat flea: biology, ecology and control

Veterinary Parasitology - Tập 52 Số 1-2 - Trang 1-19 - 1994
Michael W. Dryden1, Michael Κ. Rust
1Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506.

Tóm tắt

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

Adams, 1970, The changing ecology of murine (endemic) typhus in southern California, Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg., 19, 311, 10.4269/ajtmh.1970.19.311

Akin, 1984, Relationship between feeding and reproduction in the cat flea, Ctenocephalides felis (Bouche), 125

Amin, 1966, The fleas (Siphonaptera) of Egypt: distribution and seasonal dynamics of fleas infesting dogs in the Nile Valley and Delta, J. Med. Entomol., 3, 293, 10.1093/jmedent/3.3-4.293

Amin, 1976, Host associations and seasonal occurrence of fleas from southeastern Wisconsin mammals, with observations on morphologic variations, J. Med. Entomol., 13, 179, 10.1093/jmedent/13.2.179

Arther, 1989, Evaluating how well fenthion and cythioate control fleas on dogs, Vet. Med., 84, 552

Azad, 1990, Epidemiology of murine typhus, Annu. Rev. Entomol., 35, 535, 10.1146/annurev.en.35.010190.003005

Baker, 1972, The species of fleas found on Dublin dogs, Vet. Rec., 91, 151, 10.1136/vr.91.6.151

Baker, 1975, Hypersensitivity of dog skin to fleas—a clinical report, J. Small Anim. Pract., 16, 317, 10.1111/j.1748-5827.1975.tb05749.x

Baker, 1983, Failure of brewer's yeast as a repellent to fleas on dogs, J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc., 183, 212

Benjamin, 1961, Skin reactivity in guinea pigs sensitized to flea bites: The sequence of reactions, 108, 700

Beresford-Jones, 1981, Prevalence of fleas on dogs and cats in an area of central London, J. Small Anim. Pract., 22, 27, 10.1111/j.1748-5827.1981.tb01388.x

Blackmon, 1984, Ctenocephalides felis infestation in Holstein calves, Agric. Pract., 5, 6

Bowen, 1982, Use of cythioate to control external parasites on cats and dogs, Vet. Med. Small Anim. Clin., 77, 79

Bruce, 1948, Studies on the biological requirements of the cat flea, Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am., 41, 346, 10.1093/aesa/41.3.346

Byron, 1987, Aspects of the biology, behavior, bionomics, and control of immature stages of the cat flea Ctenocephalides felis felis (Bouché) in the domicillary environment, 135

Collart, 1986, Development of resistance to malathion in cat flea (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae), J. Econ. Entomol., 79, 1570, 10.1093/jee/79.6.1570

Crum, 1974, Response of the cat flea, Ctenocephalides felis (Bouché), and the oriental rat flea, Xenopsylla cheopis (Rothschild), to electromagnetic radiation in the 300–700 nanometer range, J. Med. Entomol., 11, 88, 10.1093/jmedent/11.1.88

Donahue, 1992, Evaluating a synergized pyrethrin/(S)-methoprene spray against feline flea infestations, Vet. Med., 87, 999

Dryden, 1988, Evaluation of certain parameters in the bionomics of Ctenocephalides felis felis (Bouché 1835), 115

Dryden, 1989, Host association, on-host longevity and egg production of Ctenocephalides felis felis, Vet. Parasitol., 34, 117, 10.1016/0304-4017(89)90171-4

Dryden, 1990, Blood consumption and feeding behavior of the cat flea, Ctenocephalides felis felis (Bouché 1835), 128

Dryden, 1992, Differential activity of cythioate against female and male Ctenocephalides felis on cats, Am. J. Vet. Res., 53, 801

Dryden, 1993, Development of a trap for collecting newly emerged Ctenocephalides felis (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae) in homes, J. Med. Entomol., 30, 901, 10.1093/jmedent/30.5.901

Dryden, 1991, Blood consumption by the cat flea, Ctenocephalides felis (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae), J. Med. Entomol., 29, 394, 10.1093/jmedent/28.3.394

Dryden, 1993, Successful flea control, Comp. Cont. Ed. Pract. Vet., 15, 821

Dryden, 1993, Investigations of cat flea pupation, cocoon formation and the impact of pupae on a flea control program, 27

Dryden, 1989, Effects of ultrasonic flea collars on Ctenocephalides felis on cats, J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc., 195, 1717

Dryden, 1993, Severe flea infestation on dairy calves, J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc., 203, 1448, 10.2460/javma.1993.203.10.1448

Edwards, 1968, Fleas. Vet. Rec., 85, 665

Eidson, 1988, Feline plague in New Mexico: Risk factors and transmission to humans, Am. J. Public Health, 78, 1333, 10.2105/AJPH.78.10.1333

Eidson, 1991, Clinical, clinicopathologic, and pathologic features of plague in cats: 119 cases (1977–1988), J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc., 199, 1191, 10.2460/javma.1991.199.09.1191

El-Gazzar, 1986, Insect growth regulators: mode of action on the cat flea, Ctenocephalides felis (Siphonaptera; Pulicidae), J. Med. Entomol., 23, 651, 10.1093/jmedent/23.6.651

El-Gazzar, 1986, Insecticide resistance in the cat flea (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae), J. Econ. Entomol., 79, 132, 10.1093/jee/79.1.132

El-Gazzar, 1988, Activity of chitin synthesis inhibitors on the cat flea, Ctenocephalides felis Bouche, J. Agric. Entomol., 5, 117

El-Gazzar, 1988, Comparisons of cat flea (Siphonaptera Pulicidae) adult and larval insecticide susceptibility, Fla. Entomol., 71, 359, 10.2307/3495444

Fagbemi, 1982, Effect of Ctenocephalides felis strongylus infestation on the performance of West African dwarf sheep and goats, Vet. Q., 4, 92, 10.1080/01652176.1982.9693846

Farhang-Azad, 1984, Experimental murine typhus infection in the cat flea, Ctenocephalides felis (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae), J. Med. Entomol., 21, 675, 10.1093/jmedent/21.6.675

Fox, 1968, Toxicity of six insecticides to the cat flea, J. Econ. Entomol., 61, 869, 10.1093/jee/61.3.869

Georgi, 1990, Parasitology for Veterinarians, 200

Gross, 1985, Lesions of experimental flea bite hypersensitivity in the dog, Vet. Pathol., 22, 78, 10.1177/030098588502200112

Guzman, 1984, A survey of cats and dogs for fleas; with particular reference to their role as intermediate hosts of Dipylidium caninum, N.Z. Vet. J., 32, 72, 10.1080/00480169.1984.35067

Halliwell, 1979, Flea bite dermatitis, Comp. Cont. Ed. Pract. Vet., 1, 367

Halliwell, 1982, Ineffectiveness of thiamine (vitamin B1) as a flea repellent in dogs, J. Am. Anim. Hosp. Assoc., 18, 423

Halliwell, 1986, Ineffectiveness of an elemental sulfur product (Lyfe) as a flea repellent in dogs, J. Am. Anim. Hosp. Assoc., 22, 249

Halliwell, 1985, IgE and IgG antibodies to flea antigen in differing dog populations, Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol., 8, 215, 10.1016/0165-2427(85)90082-0

Harman, 1987, Flea species from dogs and cats in North-Central Florida, Vet. Parasitol., 23, 135, 10.1016/0304-4017(87)90031-8

Harvey, 1982, Chronic iron deficiency anemia in dogs, J. Am. Anim. Hosp. Assoc., 18, 946

Hink, 1986, Toxicity of D-limonene, the major component of citrus peel oil, to all life stages of the cat flea, Ctenocephalides felis (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae, J. Med. Entomol., 23, 400, 10.1093/jmedent/23.4.400

Hink, 1991, Effect of an experimental systemic compound, CGA-186499, on life stages of the cat flea (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae), J. Med. Entomol., 28, 227, 10.1093/jmedent/28.3.424

Hinkle, 1992, Biological factors and larval management strategies affecting cat flea (Ctenocephalides felis felis Bouché) populations, 189

Hinkle, 1990, Egg production, larval development, and adult longevity of cat fleas (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae) exposed to ultrasound, J. Econ. Entomol., 83, 2306, 10.1093/jee/83.6.2306

Hudson, 1958, A method for large scale rearing of the cat flea, Ctenocephalides felis felis (Bouché), Bull. W.H.O., 19, 1126

Hudson, 1960, Allergy to flea bites. I. Experimental induction of flea-bite sensitivity in guinea pigs, Exp. Parasitol., 9, 18, 10.1016/0014-4894(60)90005-9

Humphries, 1968, The host finding behavior of the hen flea, Ceratophyllus gallinae (Schronk) (Siphonaptera), Parasitology, 58, 403, 10.1017/S0031182000069432

Joseph, 1981, Studies on the bionomics of Ctenocephalides felis orientis (Jordan) 1925, Cheiron, 10, 275

Kalkofen, 1974, Public health implications of Pulex irritans infestations in dogs, J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc., 165, 903

Kaufmann, 1981, Public health implications of plague in domestic cats, J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc., 179, 875

Kern, 1991, Cat flea larva—the unknown life stage, Pest Manage, 10, 20

Kilonzo, 1991, Larvicidal effects of neem, Azadirachta indica on fleas in Tanzania, Insect Sci. Applic., 12, 699

Kissileff, 1938, The dog flea as a causative agent in summer eczema, J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc., 93, 31

Koehler, 1986, Efficacy of ultrasound for German cockroach (Orthoptera: Blattellidae) and oriental rat flea (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae) control, J. Econ. Entomol., 79, 1027, 10.1093/jee/79.4.1027

Kristensen, 1978, A study of skin diseases in dogs and cats, Nord. Vet. Med., 30, 401

Larrivee, 1964, Histologic studies of guinea pig skin: Different stages of allergic reactivity to flea bites, Exp. Parasitol., 15, 491, 10.1016/0014-4894(64)90042-6

Lemke, 1989, Susceptibility of the cat flea (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae) to pyrethroids, J. Econ. Entomol., 82, 839, 10.1093/jee/82.3.839

Lewis, 1972, Notes on the geographic distribution and host preferences in order siphonaptera. Part 1. Pulicidae, J. Med. Entomol., 9, 511, 10.1093/jmedent/9.6.511

Lyon, 1915, Notes on the cat flea, Ctenocephalides felis (Bouche), Psyche, 22, 124, 10.1155/1915/26813

Marchiondo, 1990, Ovicidal and larvicidal modes of action of fenoxycarb against the cat flea (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae), J. Med. Entomol., 27, 913, 10.1093/jmedent/27.5.913

Marshall, 1983, The cat flea, Ctenocephalides felis felis (Bouche 1835) as an intermediate host for cestodes, Parasitology, 57, 419, 10.1017/S0031182000072322

Maunder, 1984, Entomological components to urticaria, Practitioner, 228, 1051

Moore, 1962, A review of human infections with the common dog tapeworm, Dipylidium caninum, in the United States, Southwest Vet., 15, 283

Morlan, 1952, Host relationships and seasonal abundance of some southwest Georgia ectoparasites, Am. Midl. Nat., 48, 74, 10.2307/2422133

Moser, 1989, The larval cat flea, Ctenocephalides felis felis (Bouché): nutrition, instar determination, and response to methoprene and diflubenzuron, two insect growth regulators, 113

Moser, 1991, Effect of larval diet on cat flea (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae) developmental times and adult emergence, J. Econ. Entomol., 84, 1257, 10.1093/jee/84.4.1257

Muller, 1983, Small Animal Dermatology, 432

Obasaju, 1980, Ctenocephalides canis infestation of sheep and goats, Trop. Anim. Health Prod., 12, 116, 10.1007/BF02242620

Olsen, 1983

Olsen, 1985, Ovicidal effect on the cat flea, Ctenocephalides felis (Bouché), treating fur of cats and dogs with methoprene, Int. Pest Control, 27, 10

Olsen, 1985, Ovicidal effect on the cat flea, Ctenocephalides felis (Bouché), treating fur of cats and dogs with methoprene, Int. Pest Control, 27, 16

Olsen, 1990, 59

Osbrink, 1984, Fecundity and longevity of the adult cat flea, Ctenocephalides felis felis (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae), J. Med. Entomol., 21, 727, 10.1093/jmedent/21.6.727

Osbrink, 1985, Cat flea (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae): factors influencing host-finding behavior in the laboratory, Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am., 78, 29, 10.1093/aesa/78.1.29

Osbrink, 1986, Distribution and control of cat flea in homes in southern California (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae), J. Econ. Entomol., 79, 135, 10.1093/jee/79.1.135

Osbrink, 1986, Distribution and control of cat fleas in homes in southern California (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae), J. Econ. Entomol., 79, 135, 10.1093/jee/79.1.135

Painter, 1985, The status of the dog flea, Va. J. Sci., 36, 114

Palma, 1990, Field evaluation of Nylar for control of cat fleas (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae) in homeyards, J. Med. Entomol., 27, 1045, 10.1093/jmedent/27.6.1045

Palma, 1993, Mode of action of pyriproxyfen and methoprene on eggs of Ctenocephalides felis (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae), J. Med. Entomol., 30, 421, 10.1093/jmedent/30.2.421

Pickens, 1987, Electrophysiological studies of the spectral sensitivities of cat fleas, Ctenocephalides felis, and oriental rat fleas, Xenopsylla cheopis to monochromatic light, Entomol. Exp. Appl., 45, 193, 10.1111/j.1570-7458.1987.tb01081.x

Pollitzer, 1960, A review of recent literature on plague, Bull. W.H.O., 23, 313

Pugh, 1987, Effects on the development of Dipylidium caninum and on the host reaction to this parasite in the adult flea (Ctenocephalides felis felis), Parasitol. Res., 73, 171, 10.1007/BF00536475

Ressl, 1963, Die Siphonapterenfauna des Verwaltungs bezirkes Scheibbs (Niederosterreich), Z. Parasitenkd., 23, 470, 10.1007/BF00259931

Roe, 1992, Welfare implications of ultrasonic flea collars, Vet. Rec., 130, 142, 10.1136/vr.130.7.142

Rust, 1971, The role of domestic animals in the epidemiology of plague. II. Antibody to Yersinia pestis in sera of dogs and cats, J. Infect. Dis., 124, 527, 10.1093/infdis/124.5.527

Rust, 1986, Fleas, 115

Rust, 1991, The biology and ecology of fleas of domestic animals, 2

Rust, 1992, Influence of photoperiod on egg production of cat fleas (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae) infesting cats, J. Med. Entomol., 29, 242, 10.1093/jmedent/29.2.242

Rust, 1988, Lack of behavioral responses of the cat flea, Ctenocephalides felis (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae) to a broad spectrum of ultrasound, J. Med. Entomol., 25, 144, 10.1093/jmedent/25.2.144

Rust, 1989, Activity of insecticides against the preemerged adult cat flea in the cocoon (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae), J. Med. Entomol., 26, 301, 10.1093/jmedent/26.4.301

Schelhass, 1989, Cold hardiness and winter survival in the bird flea, Ceratophyllus idius, J. Insect. Physiol., 35, 149, 10.1016/0022-1910(89)90049-8

Schwinghammer, 1985, Comparative toxicity of ten insecticides against the cat flea Ctenocephalides felis (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae), J. Med. Entomol., 22, 512, 10.1093/jmedent/22.5.512

Shipstone, 1993, The use of the insect growth regulator (IGR) Cyromazine as an oral medication to control flea infestation on the dog, 53

Silverman, 1984, The pupal cocoon of the cat flea, Ctenocephalides felis (Bouché) (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae): a barrier to ant predation, 86, 660

Silverman, 1994, Excretion of host blood proteins by adult cat fleas (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae): implications for parental investment by a parasitic insect, J. Med. Entomol., 10.1093/jmedent/31.2.265

Silverman, 1981, Influence of temperature and humidity on the survival and development of the cat flea, Ctenocephalides felis (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae), J. Med. Entomol., 18, 78, 10.1093/jmedent/18.1.78

Silverman, 1983, Some abiotic factors affecting the survival of the cat flea, Ctenocephalides felis (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae), Environ. Entomol., 12, 490, 10.1093/ee/12.2.490

Silverman, 1985, Extended longevity of preemerged adult cat flea (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae) and factors stimulating emergence from the pupal cocoon, Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am., 78, 763, 10.1093/aesa/78.6.763

Wade, 1988, Survival and reproduction of artificially fed cat fleas, Ctenocephalides felis Bouché (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae), J. Med. Entomol., 25, 186, 10.1093/jmedent/25.3.186

Werner, 1984, Primary plague pneumonia contracted from a domestic cat at South Lake Tahoe, Calif., J. Am. Med. Assoc., 251, 929, 10.1001/jama.251.7.929

Williams, 1992, Typhus and typhuslike rickettsiae associated with opossums and their fleas in Los Angeles County, California. J. Clin. Micro., 30, 1758, 10.1128/JCM.30.7.1758-1762.1992

World Health Organisation, 1992, Present status of pesticide resistance, 2

Yeruham, 1989, Mortality in calves, lambs and kids caused by severe infestation with the cat flea, Israel. Vet. Parasitol., 30, 351, 10.1016/0304-4017(89)90105-2