The biotic ligand model: a historical overview
Tóm tắt
Từ khóa
Tài liệu tham khảo
ANZECC/ARMCANZ, 2000. Australian and New Zealand guidelines for fresh and marine water quality. Australian and New Zealand Environment and Conservation Council, Agriculture and Resource Management Council of Australia and New Zealand. Environment Australia, Canberra, Australia.
Allen, 1980, Metal speciation, effects on aquatic toxicity, Environ. Sci. Technol., 14, 441, 10.1021/es60164a002
Allen, 1996, The importance of trace metal speciation to water quality criteria, Water Environ. Res., 68, 42, 10.2175/106143096X127307
Alsop, 1999, Costs of chronic waterborne zinc exposure and the consequences of zinc acclimation on the gill/zinc interactions of rainbow trout in hard and soft water, Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 18, 1014, 10.1002/etc.5620180529
Anderson, 1978, Copper sensitivity of Gonyaulax tamarensis, Limnol. Oceanogr., 23, 283, 10.4319/lo.1978.23.2.0283
Ankley, 1996, Technical basis and proposal for deriving sediment quality criteria for metals, Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 15, 2056, 10.1002/etc.5620151202
Bell, 2002, Biotic ligand model and a cellular approach to class B metal aquatic toxicity, Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C, 133, 173
Benedetti, 1995, Metal ion binding to humic substance: application of the non-ideal competitive adsorption model, Environ. Sci. Technol., 29, 446, 10.1021/es00002a022
Bergman, H.L., E.J. Dorward-King (Eds.), 1997. Reassessment of metals criteria for aquatic life protection: priorities for research and implementation, Proceedings of the Pellston Workshop on Reassessment of Metals Criteria for Aquatic Life Protection, 10–14 February 1996, Pensacola, FA, SETAC Press, 114 pp.
Bianchini, 2002, Metal sulfides in oxygenated aquatic systems: implications for the biotic ligand model, Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C, 133, 51
Bianchini, 2002, Physiological effects of chronic silver exposure in Daphnia magna, Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C, 133, 137
Bills, 1997
Brauner, 2002, Effect of long-term silver exposure on survival and ionoregulatory development in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) embryos and larvae, in the presence and absence of added dissolved organic matter, Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C, 133, 161
Brown, 1987
Bryan, 1960, Sodium regulation in the crayfish Astacus fluviatilis. II. Experiments with sodium-depleted animals, J. Exp. Biol., 37, 100, 10.1242/jeb.37.1.100
Bryan, 2002, Comparison of measured and modelled copper binding by natural organic matter in fresh waters, Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C, 133, 37
Bury, 1999, Effects of altering freshwater chemistry on physiological responses of rainbow trout to silver exposure, Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 18, 49, 10.1002/etc.5620180107
Bury, 1999, Effects of chloride, calcium and dissolved organic carbon on silver toxicity: comparison between rainbow trout and fathead minnows, Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 18, 56, 10.1002/etc.5620180108
Bury, 2002, Derivation of a toxicity-based model to predict how water chemistry influences silver toxicity to invertebrates, Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C, 133, 259
Bury, N.R., Walker, P.A., Glover, C.N. Nutritive metal uptake in fish. J. Exp. Biol., submitted for publication.
Campbell, 1995, Interactions between trace metals and aquatic organisms: a critique of the free-ion activity model in metal speciation and bioavailability, 45
Campbell, 1985, Acidification and toxicity of metals to aquatic biota, Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci., 42, 2034, 10.1139/f85-251
Campbell, 1997, Accumulation of natural organic matter on the surfaces of living cells: implications for the interaction of toxic solutes with aquatic biota, Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci., 54, 2543, 10.1139/f97-161
Campbell, 2002, Metal bioavailability to phytoplankton—applicability of the biotic ligand model, Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C, 133, 189
1992
1987
1999
Copeland, 1967, A study of salt secreting cells in the brine shrimp (Artemia salina), Protoplasma, 63, 363, 10.1007/BF01252946
Cusimano, 1986, Effects of pH on the toxicities of cadmium, copper, and zinc to steelhead trout (Salmo gairdneri), Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci., 43, 1497, 10.1139/f86-187
De Schamphelaere, 2002, A biotic ligand model predicting acute copper toxicity for Daphnia magna: the effects of calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, and pH, Environ. Sci. Technol., 36, 48, 10.1021/es000253s
De Schamphelaere, 2002, Refinement and field validation of a biotic ligand model predicting acute copper toxicity to Daphnia magna, Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C, 133, 241
Degnan, 1977, Active chloride transport in the in vitro opercular skin of a teleost (Fundulus heteroclitus), a gill-like epithelium rich in chloride cells, J. Physiol., 271, 155, 10.1113/jphysiol.1977.sp011995
Di Toro, 1999, Predicting the toxicity of metals in sediments, 2.22
Di Toro, 2000
Di Toro, 2001, A biotic ligand model of the acute toxicity of metals I. Technical basis, Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 20, 2383, 10.1002/etc.5620201034
Dixon, 1980, Acclimation to copper by rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri)—a modifying factor in toxicity, Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci., 38, 880, 10.1139/f81-119
Erickson, 1987
Erickson, 1996
Erickson, 1996, The effects of water chemistry on the toxicity of copper to fathead minnows, Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 15, 181, 10.1002/etc.5620150217
1996
1993, Council Regulation (EC) 793/93 of March 1993 on the evaluation and control of the environmental risks of existing substances, Off. J. Eur. Commun., L84
1993, Commission Directive 93/67/EEC of 20 July 1993, laying down the principles for the assessment of the risks to man and the environment of substances notified in accordance with Council Directive 67/548/EEC, Off. J. Eur. Commun., L227
Frant, 1993, History of the early commercialization of ion selective electrodes, Analyst, 119, 2293, 10.1039/an9941902293
Galvez, 1997, The relative importance of water hardness and chloride levels in modifying the acute toxicity of silver to rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 16, 2363, 10.1002/etc.5620161123
Galvez, 1998, Physiological responses of juvenile rainbow trout to chronic low level exposure to waterborne silver, Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C, 119, 131
Galvez, F., Wood, C.M., 2002. The mechanisms and costs of physiological and toxicological acclimation to waterborne silver in juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). J. Comp. Physiol. B.
Gensemer, 2002, Evaluating the role of ion composition on the toxicity of copper to Ceriodaphnia dubia in very hard water, Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C, 133, 87
Gitan, 1998, Zinc-induced inactivation of the yeast ZRT1 zinc transporter occurs through endocytosis and vacuolar degradation, J. Biol. Chem., 273, 28617, 10.1074/jbc.273.44.28617
Goss, 1990, Na+ and Cl− uptake kinetics, diffusive effluxes and acidic equivalent fluxes across the gills of rainbow trout: 1. Responses to environmental hyperoxia, J. Exp. Biol., 152, 521, 10.1242/jeb.152.1.521
Goss, 1990, Na+ and Cl− uptake kinetics, diffusive effluxes and acidic equivalent fluxes across the gills of rainbow trout: II. Responses to bicarbonate loading, J. Exp. Biol., 152, 549, 10.1242/jeb.152.1.549
Goss, 1998, Gill morphology and acid–base regulation in freshwater fishes, Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A, 119, 107, 10.1016/S1095-6433(97)00401-7
Grosell, 1997, Cu uptake and turnover in both Cu acclimated and non-acclimated rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), Aquat. Toxicol., 38, 257, 10.1016/S0166-445X(96)00843-0
Grosell, 2000, A nose-to-nose comparison of the physiological effects of exposure to ionic silver versus silver chloride in the European eel (Anguilla anguilla) and the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), Aquat. Toxicol., 48, 327, 10.1016/S0166-445X(99)00029-6
Grosell, 2002, Physiological responses to acute silver exposure in the freshwater crayfish (Cambarus diogenes diogenes)—a model invertebrate?, Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 21, 369, 10.1002/etc.5620210220
Grosell, 2002, Sodium turnover rate determines sensitivity to acute copper and silver exposure in freshwater animals, Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C, 133, 287
Heijerick, 2002, Predicting acute zinc toxicity for Daphnia magna as a function of key water chemistry characteristics: development and validation of a biotic ligand model, Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 21, 1309, 10.1002/etc.5620210628
Heijerick, 2002, Biotic ligand model predicting Zn toxicity to the alga Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata: possibilities and limitations, Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C, 133, 207
Hewson, 1769, An account of the lymphatic system of the angler fish, Philos. Trans. R. Soc. (1683–1775), 59, 204, 10.1098/rstl.1769.0029
Hogstrand, 1995, Calcium versus zinc transport through the gills of freshwater teleost fish, J. Exp. Biol., 298, 337, 10.1242/jeb.198.2.337
Hogstrand, 1996, Mechanisms of zinc uptake in gills of freshwater rainbow trout: interplay with calcium transport, Am. J. Physiol., 270, R1141
Hogstrand, 1998, Covariation in regulation of affinity for branchial zinc and calcium uptake in freshwater rainbow trout, J. Exp. Biol., 201, 1801, 10.1242/jeb.201.11.1809
Hogstrand, 1998, Towards a better understanding of the bioavailability, physiology, and toxicity of silver in fish: implications for water quality criteria, Env. Toxicol. Chem., 17, 547, 10.1002/etc.5620170405
Hogstrand, 2002, Binding and movement of silver in the intestinal epithelium of a marine teleost fish, the European flounder (Platichthys flesus), Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C, 133, 125
Hollis, 2000, Effects of long-term sublethal cadmium exposure in rainbow trout during soft water exposure: implications for biotic ligand modeling, Aquat. Toxicol., 51, 93, 10.1016/S0166-445X(00)00099-0
Janes, 1995, Modeling silver binding to gills of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), Env. Toxicol. Chem., 14, 1847, 10.1002/etc.5620141106
Jorgensen, 1950, The influence of salt loss on the osmotic regulation in anurans, Acta Physiol. Scand., 20, 56, 10.1111/j.1748-1716.1950.tb00681.x
Jorgensen, 1946, On the influence of the neurohypophyseal principles on the sodium metabolism of the axolotl (Amblystoma mexicanum), Acta Physiol. Scand., 12, 350, 10.1111/j.1748-1716.1946.tb00391.x
Jorgensen, 1954, On active uptake of sodium and chloride ions in anurans, Acta Physiol. Scand., 30, 178, 10.1111/j.1748-1716.1954.tb01086.x
Keys, 1931, Chloride and water secretion and absorption by the gills of the eel, Z. Vergl. Physiol., 15, 364, 10.1007/BF00339115
Keys, 1932, Chloride secreting cells in the gills of fishes with special reference to the common eel, J. Physiol. (Lond.), 76, 368, 10.1113/jphysiol.1932.sp002932
Kikuchi, 1993, Two ultrastructurally distinct types of transporting tissues, the branchiostegal and the gill epithelia, in an estuarine tanaid, Sinelobus stanfordi (Crustacea: Peracarida), Zoomorphology, 113, 253, 10.1007/BF00403316
Kirschner, 1955, On the mechanism of active sodium transport across the frog skin, J. Cell. Comp. Physiol., 45, 61, 10.1002/jcp.1030450106
Krogh, 1938, The active transport of ions in some freshwater animals, Z. Vergl. Physiol., 25, 335, 10.1007/BF00339641
Krogh, 1939
Lauren, 1987, Acclimation to copper by rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri: physiology, Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci., 44, 99, 10.1139/f87-012
LeBlanc, 1984, The influence of speciation on the toxicity of silver to fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas), Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 3, 37, 10.1897/1552-8618(1984)3[37:TIOSOT]2.0.CO;2
Luoma, S.N., Hogstrand, C., Bell, R.A., et al. Biological processes. In: Andren A.W., Bober T.W. (Eds.), Transport, Fate and Effects of Silver in the Environment, SETAC Press, Pensacola, FL, USA, in press.
Ma, 1999, Effect of kinetics of complexation by humic acid on the toxicity of copper to Ceriodaphnia dubia, Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 18, 828, 10.1897/1551-5028(1999)018<0828:EOKOCB>2.3.CO;2
Macdonald, 2002, A lead–gill binding model to predict acute lead toxicity to rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C, 133, 227
MacRae, R.K., 1994. The copper binding affinity of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) Gills. A thesis submitted to the Department of Zoology and Physiology and The Graduate School of the University of Wyoming in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Zoology and Phsyicology.
MaeRae, 1999, Cooper binding affinity of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) gills, Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 18, 1180, 10.1002/etc.5620180616
Maetz, 1956, Les Echanges de Sodium chez le Poisson Carassius auratus L. Action d'un Inhibition de l'Anhydrase Carbonique, J. Physiol. Paris, 48, 1085
Mallatt, 1995, Fish gill structural changes induced by toxicants and other irritants: a statistical review, Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci., 42, 630, 10.1139/f85-083
Mayer, 1969, Sodium space in fresh-water and sea-water eels, Comp. Biochem. Physiol., 31, 391, 10.1016/0010-406X(69)90060-7
McDonald, 1980, The influence of calcium on the physiological responses on the rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri to low environmental pH, J. Exp. Biol., 88, 109, 10.1242/jeb.88.1.109
McDonald, 1983, The effects of H+ upon the gills of freshwater fish, Can. J. Zool., 61, 691, 10.1139/z83-093
McDonald, 1983, The interaction of environmental calcium and low pH on the physiology of the rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri I. Branchial and renal net ion and H+ fluxes, J. Exp. Biol., 102, 123, 10.1242/jeb.102.1.123
McDonald, 1989, The combined effects of pH and trace metals on fish ionoregulation, 221
McGeer, 2000, A physiologically based biotic ligand model for predicting the acute toxicity of waterborne silver to rainbow trout in freshwaters, Environ. Sci. Technol., 34, 4199, 10.1021/es9912168
McGeer, 2002, The role of dissolved organic carbon in moderating the bioavailability and toxicity of Cu to rainbow trout during chronic waterborne exposure, Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C, 133, 147
Meyer, 1999, Binding of nickel and copper to fish gills predicts toxicity when water hardness varies, but free-ion activity does not, Environ. Sci. Technol., 33, 913, 10.1021/es980715q
Meyer, 2002, Whole-body accumulation of copper predicts acute toxicity to an aquatic Oligochaete (Lumbriculus variegatus) as pH and calcium are varied, Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C, 133, 99
Michaelis, 1913, Die Kinetik der Inwertin Wirkung, Biochem. Z., 49, 333
Milligan, 1982, Disturbances in haematology, fluid volume distribution and circulatory function associated with low environmental pH in the rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri, J. Exp. Biol., 99, 397, 10.1242/jeb.99.1.397
Morel, 1983, Complexation: trace metals and microorganisms
Morgan, 1997, The mechanism of acute silver nitrate toxicity in freshwater rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) is inhibition of gill Na+ and Cl− transport, Aquat. Toxicol., 38, 145, 10.1016/S0166-445X(96)00835-1
Mount, 1967, A simplified dosing apparatus for fish toxicology studies, Water Res., 1, 21, 10.1016/0043-1354(67)90061-9
Naddy, 2002, The effect of calcium and magnesium ratios on the toxicity of copper to five aquatic species in freshwater, Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 21, 347, 10.1002/etc.5620210217
Olsson, 1998, Mechanisms of heavy metal accumulation and toxicity in fish, 321
Pagenkopf, 1983, Gill surface interaction model for trace-metal toxicity to fishes: role of complexation, pH, and water hardness, Environ. Sci. Technol., 17, 342, 10.1021/es00112a007
Pagenkopf, 1974, Effect of complexation on toxicity of copper to fishes, J. Fish. Res. Board Can., 31, 462, 10.1139/f74-077
Paquin, 1999, A biotic ligand model of the acute toxicity of metals. III. Application to fish and Daphnia exposure to silver, 3.59
Paquin, 2002, Extension of the biotic ligand model of acute toxicity to a physiologically based model of the survival time of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) exposed to silver, Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C, 133, 305
Pena, 1998, Dynamic regulation of copper uptake and detoxification genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Mol. Cell. Biol., 18, 2514, 10.1128/MCB.18.5.2514
Perry, 1997, The chloride cell: structure and function in the gills of freshwater fishes, Annu. Rev. Physiol., 59, 325, 10.1146/annurev.physiol.59.1.325
Playle, 1998, Modelling metal interactions at fish gills, Sci.Total Environ., 219, 147, 10.1016/S0048-9697(98)00232-0
Playle, 1992, Copper accumulation on gills of fathead minnows: influence of water hardness, complexation and pH on the gill micro-environment, Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 11, 381, 10.1002/etc.5620110312
Playle, 1993, Copper and cadmium binding to fish gills: modification by dissolved organic carbon and synthetic ligands, Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci., 50, 2667, 10.1139/f93-290
Playle, 1993, Copper and cadmium binding to fish gills: estimates of metal–gill stability constants and modeling of metal accumulation, Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci., 50, 2678, 10.1139/f93-291
Rand, 1995, Introduction to aquatic toxicology, 3
Santore, 1995
Santore, 2001, A biotic ligand model of the acute toxicity of metals. II. Application to acute copper toxicity in freshwater fish and Daphnia, Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 20, 2397, 10.1897/1551-5028(2001)020<2397:BLMOTA>2.0.CO;2
Santore, 2002, Application of the biotic ligand model to predicting zinc toxicity to rainbow trout, fathead minnow and Daphnia magna, Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C, 133, 271
Schecher, 1994
Schnoor, 1997, Environmental fate and transport, 71
Schwartz, 2001, Adding magnesium to the silver–gill binding model for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 20, 467, 10.1002/etc.5620200302
Shaw, 1959, The absorption of sodium ions by the crayfish Astacus pallipes Lereboullet. I. The effect of external and internal sodium concentrations, J. Exp. Biol., 36, 126, 10.1242/jeb.36.1.126
Shaw, 1961, Sodium balance in Eriocheir sinensis (M. Edw). The adaptation of the crustacea to freshwater, J. Exp. Biol., 38, 153, 10.1242/jeb.38.1.153
Smith, 2002, Metal speciation with organic matter, Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C, 133, 65
Smith, 1930, The absorption and excretion of water and salts by marine teleosts, Am. J. Physiol., 93, 480, 10.1152/ajplegacy.1930.93.2.480
Sprague, 1969, Measurement of pollutant toxicity to fish. I. Bioassay methods for acute toxicity, Water Res., 3, 793, 10.1016/0043-1354(69)90050-5
Sprague, 1970, Measurement of pollutant toxicity to fish. II. Utilizing and applying bioassay results, Water Res., 4, 3, 10.1016/0043-1354(70)90018-7
Sprague, 1971, Measurement of pollutant toxicity to fish. III. Sublethal effects and ‘safe’ concentrations, Water Res., 5, 245, 10.1016/0043-1354(71)90171-0
Sprague, 1985, Factors that modify toxicity, 124
Stephan, 1985
Sunda, 1976, The relationship between cupric ion activity and the toxicity of copper to phytoplankton, J. Mar. Res., 34, 511
Sunda, 1978, Effect of complexation by natural organic ligands on the toxicity of copper to a unicellular alga, Monochrysis lutheri, Limnol. Oceanogr., 23, 870, 10.4319/lo.1978.23.5.0870
Sunda, 1978, Effect of chemical speciation on toxicity of cadmium to grass shrimp, Palaemonetes pugio: importance of free Cd ion, Environ. Sci. Technol., 12, 409, 10.1021/es60140a003
Sunda, 1979, The response of a marine bacterium to cupric ion and its use to estimate cupric ion activity in seawater, J. Mar. Res., 37, 761
Szebedinszky, 2001, Effects of chronic Cd exposure via the diet or water on internal organ-specific distribution and subsequent gill Cd uptake kinetics in juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 20, 597, 10.1002/etc.5620200320
Tao, 2002, Estimation of conditional stability constant for copper binding to fish gill surface with consideration of chemistry of fish gill microenvironment, Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C, 133, 219
Taylor, 1996, Lethal and sub-lethal effects of copper upon fish: a role for ammonia toxicity, 85
Taylor, 2002, An in vitro approach for modelling branchial copper binding in rainbow trout, Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C, 133, 111
Tessier, 1995
Tipping, 1994, wham—a chemical equilibrium model and computer code for waters, sediments, and soils incorporating a discrete site/electrostatic model of ion-binding by humic substances, Comput. Geosci., 20, 973, 10.1016/0098-3004(94)90038-8
Tran, 2001, How water oxygenation level influences cadmium accumulation pattern in the Asiatic clam Corbicula fluminea: a laboratory and field study, Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 20, 2073, 10.1002/etc.5620200929
Tran, 2002, Relationship between feeding-induced ventilatory activity and bioaccumulation of dissolved and algal-bound cadmium in the Asiatic clam Corbicula fluminea, Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 21, 327, 10.1002/etc.5620210214
2002
1985
1985
1991
1993
1993
1993
1994
1999
1999
2000
2001
Ussing, 1949, The active ion transport through the isolated frog skin in the light of tracer studies, Acta Physiol. Scand., 17, 1, 10.1111/j.1748-1716.1949.tb00550.x
Verbost, 1989, The movement of cadmium through freshwater trout branchial epithelium and its interference with calcium transport, J. Exp. Biol., 145, 185, 10.1242/jeb.145.1.185
Ward, 2002, Silver speciation during chronic toxicity tests with the mysid, Americamysis bahia, Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C, 133, 75
Webb, 1998, Physiological analysis of the stress response associated with acute silver nitrate exposure in freshwater rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 17, 579, 10.1002/etc.5620170408
Welsh, 2000, Evaluation of water-effect ratio methodology for establishing site-specific water quality criteria, Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 19, 1616, 10.1002/etc.5620190619
Welsh, 2000, Relative importance of calcium and magnesium in hardness-based modification of copper toxicity, Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 19, 1624, 10.1002/etc.5620190620
Westall, 1976
Wilson, 1993, The physiological responses of freshwater rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss during acutely lethal copper exposure, J. Comp. Physiol. B, 163, 38, 10.1007/BF00309663
Wilson, 1993, Differential responses to copper in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) acclimated to sea water and brackish water, J. Comp. Physiol. B, 163, 239, 10.1007/BF00261671
Wood, 1989, The physiological problems of fish in acid waters, 125
Wood, 1992, Flux measurements as indices of H+ and metal effects on freshwater fish, Aquat. Toxicol., 22, 239, 10.1016/0166-445X(92)90043-M
Wood, 1971, The effect of anaemia on ion exchange in the southern flounder (Platichthys stellatus), Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A, 39, 391, 10.1016/0300-9629(71)90303-3
Wood, 1996, The physiology of waterborne silver toxicity in freshwater rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) I. The effects of ionic Ag+, Aquat. Toxicol., 35, 93, 10.1016/0166-445X(96)00003-3
Wood, 1997, Environmental toxicology of metals, 31
Wood, 1999, Physiology and modeling of the mechanisms of silver uptake and toxicity in fish, Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 18, 71, 10.1002/etc.5620180110
Wood, 2001, Toxic responses of the gill, 1
Wood, C.M., La Point, T.W., Armstrong, D.E., et al. Biological effects of silver. In: Andren A.W., Bober T.W. (Eds.), Transport, Fate and Effects of Silver in the Environment, SETAC Press, Pensacola, FL, USA, 2002.
Zitko, 1976, Structure–activity relations and the toxicity of trace elements to aquatic biota, 9