The biodiversity cost of reducing management intensity in species-rich grasslands: Mowing annually vs. every third year

Aarts, 2015, Estimating the reproducibility of psychological science, Science, 349, aac4716, 10.1126/science.aac4716 Alexandersson, 1991 Al-Mufti, 1977, A quantitative analysis of shoot phenology and dominance in herbaceous vegetation, Journal of Ecology, 65, 759, 10.2307/2259378 Ameloot, 2006, Long-term dynamics of the hemiparasite Rhinanthus angustifolius and its relationship with vegetation structure, Journal of Vegetation Science, 17, 637 Babai, 2014, Small-scale traditional management of highly species-rich grasslands in the Carpathians, Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment, 182, 123, 10.1016/j.agee.2013.08.018 Bakker, 2002, Effects of long-term cutting in a grassland system: Perspectives for restoration of plant communities on nutrient-poor soils, Applied Vegetation Science, 5, 107, 10.1111/j.1654-109X.2002.tb00540.x Button, 2013, Power failure: Why small sample size undermines the reliability of neuroscience, Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 14, 365, 10.1038/nrn3475 D’Aniello, 2011, Haying and grazing effects on the butterfly communities of two Mediterranean-area grasslands, Biodiversity & Conservation, 20, 1731, 10.1007/s10531-011-0058-4 Ekstam, 1992 Ekstam, 1996 Everwand, 2014, Disentangling direct and indirect effects of experimental grassland management and plant functional-group manipulation on plant and leafhopper diversity, BMC Ecology, 14, 1, 10.1186/1472-6785-14-1 Fogelfors, 1982 Gosteli, 1996, Diversities of snail faunas and ecological relationships between snail communities and vegetation in dry habitats of the northern Swiss Jura (Gastropoda: Prosobranchia et Pulmonata), Malakologische Abhandlungen, 181, 107 Habel, 2013, European grassland ecosystems: Threatened hotspots of biodiversity, Biodiversity & Conservation, 22, 2131, 10.1007/s10531-013-0537-x Hansson, 1991 Hansson, 2000, Management of semi-natural grassland; results from a 15-year old experiment in southern Sweden, Journal of Vegetation Science, 11, 31, 10.2307/3236772 Hejcman, 2007, The rengen grassland experiment: Plant species composition after 64 years of fertilizer application, Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment, 122, 259, 10.1016/j.agee.2006.12.036 Ioannidis, 2005, Why most published research findings are false, PLoS Medicine, 2, e124, 10.1371/journal.pmed.0020124 Jansson, 2009, An indicator system for identification of sites of high conservation value for saproxylic oak (Quercus spp.) beetles in southern Sweden, Journal of Insect Conservation, 13, 399, 10.1007/s10841-008-9187-9 Karlsson, 1998, Förteckning över svenska kärlväxter. [The vascular plants of Sweden—A checklist], Svensk Botanisk Tidskrift, 91, 241 Kelemen, 2013, Mechanisms shaping plant biomass and species richness: Plant strategies and litter effect in alkali and loess grasslands, Journal of Vegetation Science, 24, 1195, 10.1111/jvs.12027 Kiær, 2013, Root and shoot competition: A meta-analysis, Journal of Ecology, 101, 1298, 10.1111/1365-2745.12129 Kladivová, 2016, Interacting effects of grazing and habitat conditions on seedling recruitment and establishment, Journal of Vegetation Science, 27, 834, 10.1111/jvs.12395 Kleyer, 2008, The LEDA traitbase: A database of life-history traits of the Northwest European flora, Journal of Ecology, 96, 1266, 10.1111/j.1365-2745.2008.01430.x Köhler, 2005, Changes in the species composition and conservation value of limestone grasslands in Northern Switzerland after 22 years of contrasting managements, Perspectives in Plant Ecology Evolution and Systematics, 7, 51, 10.1016/j.ppees.2004.11.003 Kőrösi, 2014, Effects of timing and frequency of mowing on the threatened scarce large blue butterfly: A fine-scale experiment, Agriculture Ecosystems and Environment, 196, 24, 10.1016/j.agee.2014.06.019 Kull, 1991, High species richness in an Estonian wooded meadow, Journal of Vegetation Science, 2, 711, 10.2307/3236182 Kumm, 2003, Sustainable management of Swedish seminatural pastures with high species diversity, Journal for Nature Conservation, 11, 117, 10.1078/1617-1381-00039 Laborde, 2013, Colonization of limestone grasslands by woody plants: The role of seed limitation and herbivory by vertebrates, Journal of Vegetation Science, 24, 307, 10.1111/j.1654-1103.2012.01463.x Lajeunesse, 2015, Bias and correction for the log response ratio in ecological meta-analysis, Ecology, 96, 2056, 10.1890/14-2402.1 Lamb, 2009, Shoot, but not root, competition reduces community diversity in experimental mesocosms, Journal of Ecology, 97, 155, 10.1111/j.1365-2745.2008.01454.x Littlewood, 2012, Science into practice: How can fundamental science contribute to better management of grasslands for invertebrates?, Insect Conservation & Diversity, 5, 1, 10.1111/j.1752-4598.2011.00174.x Loydi, 2013, Effects of litter on seedling establishment in natural and semi-natural grasslands: A meta-analysis, Journal of Ecology, 101, 454, 10.1111/1365-2745.12033 Marriott, 2004, Long-term impacts of extensification of grassland management on biodiversity and productivity in upland areas. A review, Agronomie, 24, 447, 10.1051/agro:2004041 Milberg, 2014, Evidence-based vegetation management: Prospects and challenges, Applied Vegetation Science, 17, 604, 10.1111/avsc.12114 Milberg, 2014, Is spring burning a viable management tool for semi-natural grasslands?, Applied Vegetation Science, 17, 429, 10.1111/avsc.12091 Milberg, 2016, Flower abundance and vegetation height as predictors for nectar-feeding insect occurrence in Swedish semi-natural grasslands, Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment, 230, 47, 10.1016/j.agee.2016.05.029 Noordjik, 2009, Optimizing grassland management for flower-visiting insects in roadside verges, Biological Conservation, 142, 2097, 10.1016/j.biocon.2009.04.009 Oelmann, 2009, Nutrient impoverishment and limitation of productivity after 20 years of conservation management in wet grasslands of north-western Germany, Biological Conservation, 142, 2941, 10.1016/j.biocon.2009.07.021 Parker, 2016, Transparency in ecology and evolution: Real problems, real solutions, Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 31, 711, 10.1016/j.tree.2016.07.002 Poschlod, 2009, Origin and development of grasslands in central Europe, 12 Ryser, 1995, Species richness and vegetation structure in a limestone grassland after 15 years management with six biomass removal regimes, Folia Geobotanica & Phytotaxonomica, 30, 157, 10.1007/BF02812095 Schreiber, 2009 Siddig, 2016, How do ecologists select and use indicator species to monitor ecological change? Insights from 14 years of publication in ecological indicators, Ecological Indicators, 60, 223, 10.1016/j.ecolind.2015.06.036 Sjörs, 1999, The background: Geology, climate and zonation, Acta Phytogeographica Suecica, 84, 5 Steen, 1976 Swedish Environmental Protection Agency, 2011 Tälle, 2014, Mowing for biodiversity: Grass trimmer and knife mower perform equally well, Biodiversity & Conservation, 23, 3073, 10.1007/s10531-014-0765-8 Tälle, 2016, Grazing vs. mowing: A meta-analysis of biodiversity benefits for semi-natural grassland management, Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment, 222, 200, 10.1016/j.agee.2016.02.008 Tälle, 2015, The conservation benefit of mowing vs. grazing for management of species-rich grasslands: A multi-site, multi-year field experiment, Nordic Journal of Botany, 33, 761, 10.1111/njb.00966 Török, 2011, Grassland restoration on former croplands in Europe: An assessment of applicability of techniques and costs, Biodiversity & Conservation, 20, 2311, 10.1007/s10531-011-9992-4 van Klink, 2015, Effects of large herbivores on grassland arthropod diversity, Biological Reviews, 90, 347, 10.1111/brv.12113 Wahlman, 2002, Management of semi-natural grassland vegetation; evaluation of long-term experiment in southern Sweden, Annales Botanici Fennici, 39, 159 Wilson, 2012, Plant species richness: The world records, Journal of Vegetation Science, 23, 796, 10.1111/j.1654-1103.2012.01400.x Zettler, 2013, On the myths of indicator species: Issues and further consideration in the use of static concepts for ecological applications, PLoS One, 8, e78219, 10.1371/journal.pone.0078219