The assessment of fatigue

Pawlikowska, 1994, Population based study of fatigue and psychological distress, BMJ, 308, 763, 10.1136/bmj.308.6931.763

David, 1990, Tired, weak, or in need of rest: fatigue among general practice attenders, BMJ, 301, 1199, 10.1136/bmj.301.6762.1199

Winningham, 1994, Fatigue and the cancer experience: the state of the knowledge, Oncol Nurs Forum, 21, 23

Pepper, 1993, A comparison of neuropsychiatric characteristics in chronic fatigue syndrome, multiple sclerosis and major depression, J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci, 5, 200, 10.1176/jnp.5.2.200

Fisk, 1994, The impact of fatigue on patients with multiple sclerosis, Can J Neurol Sci, 21, 9, 10.1017/S0317167100048691

Karlsen, 1999, Fatigue in patients with Parkinson's disease, Mov Disord, 14, 237, 10.1002/1531-8257(199903)14:2<237::AID-MDS1006>3.0.CO;2-X

Shulman, 2001, Comorbidity of the nonmotor symptoms of Parkinson's disease, Mov Disord, 16, 507, 10.1002/mds.1099

Ware, 1992, The MOS 36-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36): I. Conceptual framework and item selection, Med Care, 30, 473, 10.1097/00005650-199206000-00002

Hunt, 1980, A quantitative approach to perceived health status: a validation study, J Epidemiol Community Health, 34, 281, 10.1136/jech.34.4.281

McNair, 1992

Salinsky, 2001, Test–retest bias, reliability, and regression equations for neuropsychological measures repeated over a 12–16-week period, J Int Neuropsychol Soc, 7, 597, 10.1017/S1355617701755075

Mendoza, 1999, The rapid assessment of fatigue severity in cancer patients—use of the Brief Fatigue Inventory, Cancer, 85, 1186, 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0142(19990301)85:5<1186::AID-CNCR24>3.0.CO;2-N

Wang, 2001, Fatigue during preoperative chemoradiation for resectable rectal cancer, Cancer, 92, 1725, 10.1002/1097-0142(20010915)92:6+<1725::AID-CNCR1504>3.0.CO;2-D

Krupp, 1989, The Fatigue Severity Scale. Application to patients with multiple sclerosis and systemic lupus erythematosus, Arch Neurol, 46, 1121, 10.1001/archneur.1989.00520460115022

Taylor, 2000, Fatigue Rating Scales: an empirical comparison, Psychol Med, 30, 849, 10.1017/S0033291799002500

Kleinman, 2000, Psychometric evaluation of the Fatigue Severity Scale for use in chronic hepatitis C, Qual Life Res, 9, 499, 10.1023/A:1008960710415

Merkies, 1999, Fatigue in immune-mediated polyneuropathies, Neurology, 53, 1648, 10.1212/WNL.53.8.1648

LaChapelle, 1998, An evaluation of subjective and objective measures of fatigue in patients with brain injury and healthy controls, Brain Inj, 12, 649, 10.1080/026990598122214

Bakshi, 1999, Fatigue in multiple sclerosis: cross-sectional correlation with brain MRI findings in 71 patients, Neurology, 53, 1151, 10.1212/WNL.53.5.1151

Bergamaschi, 1997, Clinical aspects of fatigue in multiple sclerosis, Funct Neurology, 12, 247

Abe, 2000, Fatigue in patients with Parkinson's disease, Behav Neurol, 12, 103, 10.1155/2000/580683

Friedberg, 1994, A comparison of cognitive-behavioural treatment for chronic fatigue syndrome and primary depression, Clin Infect Dis, 18, S105, 10.1093/clinids/18.Supplement_1.S105

Packer, 1997, Fatigue and activity patterns of people with chronic fatigue syndrome, Occup Ther J Res, 17, 186, 10.1177/153944929701700303

Lichstein, 1997, Fatigue and sleep disorders, Behav Res Ther, 35, 733, 10.1016/S0005-7967(97)00029-6

Stone, 2000, A study to investigate the prevalence, severity and correlates of fatigue among patients with cancer in comparison with a control group of volunteers without cancer, Ann Oncol, 11, 561, 10.1023/A:1008331230608

Stone, 2001, Fatigue in patients with cancers of the breast or prostate undergoing radical radiotherapy, J Pain Symptom Manage, 22, 1007, 10.1016/S0885-3924(01)00361-X

Drory, 2001, The value of muscle exercise in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, J Neurol Sci, 191, 133, 10.1016/S0022-510X(01)00610-4

Yellen, 1997, Measuring fatigue and other anemia-related symptoms with the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy (FACT) measurement system, J Pain Symptom Manage, 13, 63, 10.1016/S0885-3924(96)00274-6

Stone, 2000, Cancer-related fatigue: inevitable, unimportant and untreatable? Results of a multi-centre patient survey, Ann Oncol, 11, 971, 10.1023/A:1008318932641

Monk, 1989, A visual analogue scale to measure global vigor and affect, Psychiatry Res, 27, 89, 10.1016/0165-1781(89)90013-9

Benline, 1997, Anti-emetic drug effects on cognitive and psychomotor performance: granisetron vs. ondansetron, Aviat Space Environ Med, 68, 504

Monk, 1997, Circadian rhythms in human performance and mood under constant conditions, J Sleep Res, 6, 9, 10.1046/j.1365-2869.1997.00023.x

May, 1988, Problems in using an adjective checklist to measure fatigue, J Pers Individ Differ, 9, 831, 10.1016/0191-8869(88)90075-X

Eysenck, 1975

Pearson, 1957, Scale analysis of a fatigue checklist, J Appl Psychol, 41, 186, 10.1037/h0045095

Graydon, 1995, Fatigue-reducing strategies used by patients receiving treatment for cancer, Cancer Nurs, 18, 23, 10.1097/00002820-199502000-00004

Irvine, 1994, The prevalence and correlates of fatigue in patients receiving treatment with chemotherapy and radiotherapy. A comparison with the fatigue experienced by healthy individuals, Cancer Nurs, 17, 367, 10.1097/00002820-199410000-00001

van Lier, 1993, Nausea and fatigue during early pregnancy, Birth, 20, 193, 10.1111/j.1523-536X.1993.tb00226.x

Rhoten, 1982, Fatigue and the postsurgical patient, 277

Pickard-Holley, 1991, Fatigue in cancer patients. A descriptive study, Cancer Nurs, 14, 13, 10.1097/00002820-199102000-00003

Blesch, 1991, Correlates of fatigue in people with breast or lung cancer, Oncol Nurs Forum, 18, 81

Winstead-Fry, 1998, Psychometric assessment of four fatigue scales with a sample of rural cancer patients, J Nurs Meas, 6, 111, 10.1891/1061-3749.6.2.111

Hadzi-Pavlovic, 2000, Screening for prolonged fatigue syndromes: validation of the SOFA scale, Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol, 35, 471, 10.1007/s001270050266

Hickie, 1996, Fatigue in selected primary care settings: sociodemographic and psychiatric correlates, Med J Aust, 164, 585, 10.5694/j.1326-5377.1996.tb122199.x

Koschera, 1999, Prolonged fatigue, anxiety and depression: exploring relationships in a primary care sample, Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 33, 545, 10.1080/j.1440-1614.1999.00593.x

Vercoulen, 1994, Dimensional assessment of chronic fatigue syndrome, J Psychosom Res, 38, 383, 10.1016/0022-3999(94)90099-X

Vercoulen, 1996, The measurement of fatigue in patients with multiple sclerosis. A multidimensional comparison with patients with chronic fatigue syndrome and healthy subjects, Arch Neurol, 53, 642, 10.1001/archneur.1996.00550070080014

Vercoulen, 1996, Prognosis in chronic fatigue syndrome: a prospective study on the natural course, J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, 60, 489, 10.1136/jnnp.60.5.489

Vercoulen, 1996, Fluoxetine in chronic fatigue syndrome; a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, Lancet, 347, 858, 10.1016/S0140-6736(96)91345-8

Beurskens, 2000, Fatigue among working people: validity of a questionnaire measure, Occup Environ Med, 57, 353, 10.1136/oem.57.5.353

Servaes, 2001, Fatigue in disease-free cancer patients compared with fatigue in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome, Support Care Cancer, 9, 11, 10.1007/s005200000165

Swanink, 1995, Chronic fatigue syndrome—a clinical and laboratory study with a well-matched control group, J Intern Med, 237, 499, 10.1111/j.1365-2796.1995.tb00876.x

van der Werf, 1998, Fatigue in multiple sclerosis: interrelations between fatigue complaints, cerebral MRI abnormalities and neurological disability, J Neurol Sci, 160, 164, 10.1016/S0022-510X(98)00251-2

Schwartz, 1993, The measurement of fatigue: a new instrument, J Psychosom Res, 37, 753, 10.1016/0022-3999(93)90104-N

Lou, 2001, Exacerbated physical fatigue and mental fatigue in Parkinson's disease, Mov Disord, 16, 190, 10.1002/mds.1042

Barkhuizen, 1999, Musculoskeletal pain and fatigue are associated with chronic hepatitis C—a report of 239 hepatology clinic patients, Am J Gastroenterol, 94, 1355

Friedman, 1993, Fatigue in Parkinson's disease, Neurology, 43, 2016, 10.1212/WNL.43.10.2016

Fisk, 1994, Measuring the functional impact of fatigue: initial validation of the fatigue impact scale, Clin Infect Dis, 18, S79, 10.1093/clinids/18.Supplement_1.S79

Prince, 2000, Validation of a fatigue impact score in primary biliary cirrhosis: towards a standard for clinical and trial use, J Hepatol, 32, 368, 10.1016/S0168-8278(00)80385-2

Fisk, 2002, Construction and validation of a fatigue impact scale for daily administration (D-FIS), Qual Life Res, 11, 263, 10.1023/A:1015295106602

Casanova, 2000, A study of the various scales of fatigue and impact on quality of life of patients with multiple sclerosis, Rev Neurol, 30, 1235

Cutter, 2000, Gabapentin effect on spasticity in multiple sclerosis: a placebo-controlled, randomized trial, Arch Phys Med Rehabil, 81, 164, 10.1016/S0003-9993(00)90135-7

Huet, 2000, Impact of fatigue on the quality of life of patients with primary biliary cirrhosis, Am J Gastroenterol, 95, 760, 10.1111/j.1572-0241.2000.01857.x

Messias, 1997, Patients' perspectives of fatigue while undergoing chemotherapy, Oncol Nurs Forum, 24, 43

Chalder, 1993, Development of a fatigue scale, J Psychosom Res, 37, 147, 10.1016/0022-3999(93)90081-P

Wessely, 1989, Fatigue syndromes: a comparison of chronic “postviral” fatigue with neuromuscular and affective disorders, J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, 52, 940, 10.1136/jnnp.52.8.940

Morriss, 1998, Exploring the validity of the Chalder Fatigue Scale in chronic fatigue syndrome, J Psychosom Res, 45, 411, 10.1016/S0022-3999(98)00022-1

Loge, 1998, Fatigue in the general Norwegian population: normative data and associations, J Psychosom Res, 45, 53, 10.1016/S0022-3999(97)00291-2

Chalder, 1997, Self-help treatment of chronic fatigue in the community: a randomized controlled trial, Br J Health Psychol, 2, 189, 10.1111/j.2044-8287.1997.tb00535.x

Chisholm, 2001, Chronic fatigue in general practice: economic evaluation of counselling versus cognitive behaviour therapy, Br J Gen Pract, 51, 15

Cleare, 1999, Low-dose hydrocortisone in chronic fatigue syndrome: a randomised crossover trial, Lancet, 353, 455, 10.1016/S0140-6736(98)04074-4

Ferrando, 1998, Fatigue in HIV illness: relationship to depression, physical limitations, and disability, Psychosom Med, 60, 759, 10.1097/00006842-199811000-00019

Loge, 1999, Hodgkin's disease survivors more fatigued than the general population, J Clin Oncol, 17, 253, 10.1200/JCO.1999.17.1.253

Schwartz, 1997, Self-reported illness and health status among gulf war veterans—a population-based study, JAMA, 277, 238, 10.1001/jama.1997.03540270064028

Giovannoni, 2001, Fatigue is not associated with raised inflammatory markers in multiple sclerosis, Neurology, 57, 676, 10.1212/WNL.57.4.676

Ford, 1998, The nature of fatigue in multiple sclerosis, J Psychosom Res, 45, 33, 10.1016/S0022-3999(98)00004-X

Hann, 1998, Measurement of fatigue in cancer patients: development and validation of the Fatigue Symptom Inventory, Qual Life Res, 7, 301, 10.1023/A:1008842517972

Hann, 2000, Measurement of fatigue in cancer patients: further validation of the Fatigue Symptom Inventory, Qual Life Res, 9, 847, 10.1023/A:1008900413113

Hann, 1999, Fatigue and quality of life in breast cancer patients undergoing autologous stem cell transplantation: a longitudinal comparative study, J Pain Symptom Manage, 17, 311, 10.1016/S0885-3924(99)00007-X

Jacobsen, 1999, Fatigue in women receiving adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer: characteristics, course, and correlates, J Pain Symptom Manage, 18, 233, 10.1016/S0885-3924(99)00082-2

Belza, 1993, Correlates of fatigue in older adults with rheumatoid arthritis, Nurs Res, 42, 93, 10.1097/00006199-199303000-00006

Bormann, 2001, Measurement of fatigue in HIV-positive adults: reliability and validity of the Global Fatigue Index, J Assoc Nurses AIDS Care, 12, 75, 10.1016/S1055-3290(06)60146-5

Meek, 2000, Psychometric testing of fatigue instruments for use with cancer patients, Nurs Res, 49, 181, 10.1097/00006199-200007000-00001

Wolfe, 1996, The prevalence and meaning of fatigue in rheumatic disease, J Rheumatol, 23, 1407

Gerber, 2000, Polyarticular arthritis, independent of rheumatoid factor, is associated with poor functional outcome in recent onset inflammatory synovitis, J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil, 14, 105, 10.3233/BMR-2000-14305

Schwartz, 1996, Psychosocial correlates of fatigue in multiple sclerosis, Arch Phys Med Rehabil, 77, 165, 10.1016/S0003-9993(96)90162-8

Smets, 1995, The Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI). Psychometric properties of an instrument to assess fatigue, J Psychosom Res, 39, 315, 10.1016/0022-3999(94)00125-O

Unal, 2001, A psychometric comparison of health-related quality of life measures in chronic liver disease, J Clin Epidemiol, 54, 587, 10.1016/S0895-4356(00)00372-3

Stein, 1998, A multidimensional measure of fatigue for use with cancer patients, Cancer Pract, 6, 143, 10.1046/j.1523-5394.1998.006003143.x

Stone, 1998, Fatigue in patients with cancer, Eur J Cancer, 34, 1670, 10.1016/S0959-8049(98)00167-1

Schneider, 1998, Concurrent validity of the Beck Depression Inventory and the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory-20 in assessing fatigue among cancer patients, Psychol Rep, 82, 883, 10.2466/pr0.1998.82.3.883

Smets, 1996, Application of the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI-20) in cancer patients receiving radiotherapy, Br J Cancer, 73, 241, 10.1038/bjc.1996.42

Visser, 1998, Fatigue, depression and quality of life in cancer patients: how are they related?, Support Care Cancer, 6, 101, 10.1007/s005200050142

Smets, 1998, Fatigue and radiotherapy: (A) experience in patients undergoing treatment, Br J Cancer, 78, 899, 10.1038/bjc.1998.599

Barendregt, 1998, Fatigue in primary Sjögren's syndrome, Ann Rheum Dis, 57, 291, 10.1136/ard.57.5.291

Breslin, 1998, Perception of fatigue and quality of life in patients with COPD, Chest, 114, 958, 10.1378/chest.114.4.958

van Tubergen, 2002, Assessment of fatigue in patients with ankylosing spondylitis: a psychometric analysis, Arthritis Rheum, 47, 8, 10.1002/art1.10179

Piper, 1989, Development of an instrument to measure the subjective dimension of fatigue, 199

Monga, 1999, Prospective study of fatigue in localized prostate cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy, Radiat Oncol Investig, 7, 178, 10.1002/(SICI)1520-6823(1999)7:3<178::AID-ROI7>3.0.CO;2-0

Breitbart, 2001, A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of psychostimulants for the treatment of fatigue in ambulatory patients with human immunodeficiency virus disease, Arch Intern Med, 161, 411, 10.1001/archinte.161.3.411

Small, 2000, Measurement of fatigue in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and in asthma, Int J Nurs Stud, 37, 127, 10.1016/S0020-7489(99)00066-8

Libbus, 1995, Persistent fatigue in well women, Women Health, 23, 57, 10.1300/J013v23n01_04

Piper, 1998, The Revised Piper Fatigue Scale: psychometric evaluation in women with breast cancer, Oncol Nurs Forum, 25, 677

Liao, 2000, Fatigue in an older population, J Am Geriatr Soc, 48, 426, 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2000.tb04702.x

Strohschein, 2003, Applicability, validity, and reliability of the Piper Fatigue Scale in postpolio patients, Am J Phys Med Rehabil, 82, 122, 10.1097/00002060-200302000-00007

Schwartz, 1998, The Schwartz Cancer Fatigue Scale: testing reliability and validity, Oncol Nurs Forum, 25, 711

Schwartz, 1999, Additional construct validity of the Schwartz Cancer Fatigue Scale, J Nurs Meas, 7, 35, 10.1891/1061-3749.7.1.35

Wood, 1990, Measuring vitality, J R Soc Med, 83, 486, 10.1177/014107689008300803

Wood, 1992, Diurnal changes in perceptions of energy and mood, J R Soc Med, 85, 191, 10.1177/014107689208500404

Lee, 1991, Validity and reliability of a scale to assess fatigue, Psychiatry Res, 36, 291, 10.1016/0165-1781(91)90027-M

Hoddes, 1973, Quantification of sleepiness: a new approach, Psychophysiology, 10, 431, 10.1111/j.1469-8986.1973.tb00801.x

Miaskowski, 1999, Pain, fatigue, and sleep disturbances in oncology outpatients receiving radiation therapy for bone metastasis: a pilot study, J Pain Symptom Manage, 17, 320, 10.1016/S0885-3924(99)00008-1

Okuyama, 2000, Development and validation of the cancer fatigue scale: a brief, three-dimensional, self-rating scale for assessment of fatigue in cancer patients, J Pain Symptom Manage, 19, 5, 10.1016/S0885-3924(99)00138-4

Glader, 2002, Poststroke fatigue: a 2-year follow-up study of stroke patients in Sweden, Stroke, 33, 1327, 10.1161/01.STR.0000014248.28711.D6

Kirsh, 2001, I get tired for no reason: a single item screening for cancer-related fatigue, J Pain Symptom Manage, 22, 931, 10.1016/S0885-3924(01)00350-5

Ray, 1992, Development of a measure of symptoms in chronic fatigue syndrome—the Profile of Fatigue-Related Symptoms (PFRS), Psychol Health, 7, 27, 10.1080/08870449208404293

Holley, 2000, Evaluating patient distress from cancer-related fatigue: an instrument development study, Oncol Nurs Forum, 27, 1425

Ahsberg, 2000, Dimensions of fatigue in different working populations, Scand J Psychol, 41, 231, 10.1111/1467-9450.00192

Kogi, 1970, Validity of three components of subjective fatigue feelings, J Sci Labour, 46, 251

Barroso, 2002, Psychometric properties of the HIV-Related Fatigue Scale, J Assoc Nurses AIDS Care, 13, 66, 10.1016/S1055-3290(06)60242-2

Shapiro, 2002, Development of an adjective checklist to measure five FACES of fatigue and sleepiness. Data from a national survey of insomniacs, J Psychosom Res, 52, 467, 10.1016/S0022-3999(02)00407-5

Iriarte, 1999, The Fatigue Descriptive Scale (FDS): a useful tool to evaluate fatigue in multiple sclerosis, Mult Scler, 5, 10, 10.1177/135245859900500103

Richardson, 1998, Measuring fatigue in patients with cancer, Support Care Cancer, 6, 94, 10.1007/s005200050141

Maslach, 1986

Johns, 1991, A new method for measuring daytime sleepiness: the Epworth Sleepiness Scale, Sleep, 14, 540, 10.1093/sleep/14.6.540

Brook RH, Ware JE, Davies-Avery A, Stewart AL, Donald CA, Rogers WH, Williams KN, Johnston SA. Overview of adult health measures fielded in RAND's health insurance study. Med Care 1979;17(Suppl 1):iii–x, 1–131.

Dohrenwend, 1980, Nonspecific psychological distress and other dimensions of psychopathology. Measures for use in the general population, Arch Gen Psychiatry, 37, 1229, 10.1001/archpsyc.1980.01780240027003

Bergner, 1981, The Sickness Impact Profile: development and final revision of a health status measure, Med Care, 19, 787, 10.1097/00005650-198108000-00001

Lewis, 1992, Measuring psychiatric disorder in the community: a standardized assessment for use by lay interviewers, Psychol Med, 22, 465, 10.1017/S0033291700030415

Borg, 1982, A category scale with ratio properties for intermodal and interindividual comparisons, 25