The anatomy, physiology, acoustics and perception of speech: essential elements in analysis of the evolution of human speech

Arensburg, 1989, A Middle Palaeolithic human hyoid bone, Nature, 338, 758, 10.1038/338758a0 Arensburg, 1990, A reappraisal of the anatomical basis for speech in middle palaeolithic hominids, Am. J. phys. Anthrop., 83, 137, 10.1002/ajpa.1330830202 Atkinson, 1973, Aspects of intonation in speech: implications from an experimental study of fundamental frequency Bell, 1867 Blumstein, 1980, Perceptual invariance and onset spectra for stop consonants in different vowel environments, J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 67, 648, 10.1121/1.383890 Bound, 1976, Identification of vowels excerpted from neutral nasal contexts, J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 59, 1229, 10.1121/1.380988 Bosma, 1975, Anatomic and physiologic development of the speech aparatus, 469 Bouhuys, 1974 Carmody, 1937, X-ray studies of speech articulation, Uni. Calif. Pub. Mod. Philol., 20, 187 Chapin, 1982, Short-term release cues for stop consonant place of articulation in child speech, J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 71, 179, 10.1121/1.387345 Chiba, 1958 Darwin, 1859 Draper, 1960, Expiratory pressure and air flow during speech, Br. med. J., 1, 1837, 10.1136/bmj.1.5189.1837 Duchin, 1990, The evolution of articulate speech: comparative anatomy of the oral cavity inPan andHomo, J. hum. Evol., 19, 687, 10.1016/0047-2484(90)90003-T Fant, 1956, On the predictability of formant levels and spectrum envelopes from formant frequencies Fant, 1960 1984 Gardner, 1989 George, 1976, The relationship between cranial base angle morphology and infant vocalizations George, 1978, A longitudinal and cross-sectional analysis of the growth of the postnatal cranial base angle, Am. J. phys. Anthrop., 49, 171, 10.1002/ajpa.1330490204 Goodall, 1986 Grosmangin, 1979, Base du crane et pharynx dans leur rapports avec l'appareil de langage articule, Mem Lab. Anat. Fac. Med. Paris, no. 40–1979 Grossman, 1991, Sentence comprehension and praxis deficits in Parkinson's disease, Neurology, 41, 1620, 10.1212/WNL.41.10.1620 Hellwag, 1781, De formatione loquelae, Dissertation Henke, 1966, Dynamic articulatory model of speech production using computer simulation Hewes (1985). Cited in Duchin (1990). Jordan, 1971, Studies on the organ of voice and vocalization in the chimpanzees, III, Fol. morph. (Warsaw), 30, 97 Jordan, 1971, Studies on the organ of voice and vocalization in the chimpanzees, III, Fol. morph. (Warsaw), 30, 222 Jordan, 1971, Studies on the organ of voice and vocalization in the chimpanzees, III, Fol. morph. (Warsaw), 30, 323 Keating, 1978, Fundamental frequency in the speech of infants and children, J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 63, 567, 10.1121/1.381755 Klatt, 1990, Analysis, synthesis, and perception of voice quality variations among female and male talkers, J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 87, 820, 10.1121/1.398894 Ladefoged, 1971 Ladefoged, 1957, Information conveyed by vowels, J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 29, 98, 10.1121/1.1908694 Ladefoged, 1972, An auditory-motor theory of speech production, UCLA Work. Pap. Phonetics, 22, 48 Laitman, 1983, The evolution of the hominid upper respiratory system and implications for the origins of speech, 63 Laitman, 1986, L'origine du langage articule, La Recherche, 17, 1164 Laitman, 1976, Postnatal development of the basicranium and vocal tract region in man, 206 Laitman, 1978, Developmental changes in a basicranial line and its relationship to the upper respiratory system in living primates, Am. J. Anat., 152, 467, 10.1002/aja.1001520403 Laitman, 1979, The basicranium of fossil hominids as an indicator of their upper respiratory systems, Am. J. phys. Anthrop., 51, 15, 10.1002/ajpa.1330510103 Laitman, 1982, The basicranium of Plio-Pleistocene hominids as an indicator of their upper respiratory systems, Am. J. phys. Anthrop., 59, 323, 10.1002/ajpa.1330590315 Laitman, 1988, Advances in understanding the relationship between the skull base and larynx with comments on the origins of speech, Hum. Evol., 3, 101, 10.1007/BF02436593 Laitman, 1990, The Kebara hyoid: what can it tell us about the evolution of the hominid vocal tract, Am. J. phys. Anthrop., 81, 254 Laitman, 1991, What sayeth thou Neanderthal? A look at the evolution of their vocal tract and speech, Am. J. phys. Anthrop., 12, 109 Laitman, 1992, Fossil skulls and hominid vocal tracts: New approaches to charting the evolution of human speech, 395 Laitman, J. T. & Reidenberg, J. S. (in press). Comparative and developmental anatomy of laryngeal position. In (B. Bailey, Ed.)Head and Neck Surgery-Otolaryngology. Philadelphia: Lippincott. Landahl, 1986, Congenital malformation of the speech tract in humans and its developmental consequences, 131 Liberman, 1967, Perception of the speech code, Psychol. Rev., 74, 431, 10.1037/h0020279 Lieberman, 1973, Olson's “projective verse” and the use of breath-control as a structural element, Lang. Style, 5, 287 Lieberman, 1963, Some measures of the fundamental periodicity of normal and pathologic larynges, J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 35, 344, 10.1121/1.1918465 Lieberman, 1967 Lieberman, 1968, Primate vocalizations and human linguistic baility, J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 44, 1157, 10.1121/1.1910950 Lieberman, 1975 Lieberman, 1982, Can chimpanzees swallow or talk? A reply to Falk, Am. Anthrop., 84, 148, 10.1525/aa.1982.84.1.02a00160 Lieberman, 1984 Lieberman, 1985, On the evolution of human syntactic ability: its pre-adaptive bases motor control and speech, J. hum. Evol., 14, 657, 10.1016/S0047-2484(85)80074-9 Lieberman, 1989, The origins of some aspects of human language and congnition, 391 Lieberman, 1991 Lieberman, 1969, Vocal tract limitations on the vowel repertoires of rhesus monkey and other nonhuman primates, Science, 164, 1185, 10.1126/science.164.3884.1185 Lieberman, 1971, On the speech of Neanderthal man, Ling. Inq., 2, 203 Lieberman, 1972, Phonetic ability and related anatomy of the newborn, adult human, Neanderthal man, and the chimpanzee, Am. Anthrop., 74, 287, 10.1525/aa.1972.74.3.02a00020 Lieberman, 1988 Lieberman, 1989, Folk physiology and talking hyoid bones, Nature, 342, 486, 10.1038/342486a0 Lieberman, P., Kako, E. T., Friedman, J., Tajchman, G., Feldman, L. S. & Jiminez, E. B. (in press). Speech production, syntax comprehension, and cognitive deficits in Parkinson's disease.Brain Lang. Lubker, 1982, Anticipatory labial coarticulation: experimental, biological, and linguistic variables, J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 71, 437, 10.1121/1.387447 Marshack, 1989, Evolution of the human capacity: the symbolic evidence, Yearb. phys. Anthrop., 32, 1, 10.1002/ajpa.1330320503 Marshall, 1989, Cognitive anatomy: the descent of the larynx?, Nature, 338, 702, 10.1038/338702a0 Miller, 1956, The magical number seven, plus or minus two: some limits on our capacity for processing information, Psychol. Rev., 63, 81, 10.1037/h0043158 Muller, 1848 Nearey, 1978 Negus, 1949 Newman, 1982, Effects of tegmental lesions on the isolation call of squirrel monkeys, Brain Res., 232, 317, 10.1016/0006-8993(82)90276-1 Papadopoulos, 1989, The shape and size of the human hyoid bone and a proposal for an alternative classification, J. Anat., 163, 249 Perkell, 1969 Peterson, 1952, Control methods used in a study of the vowels, J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 24, 175, 10.1121/1.1906875 Peterson, 1958, Segmentation techniques in speech synthesis, J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 30, 739, 10.1121/1.1909746 Pickett, 1980 Premack, 1972, Teaching language to an ape, Sci. Am., 227, 92, 10.1038/scientificamerican1072-92 Premack, 1983 Reidenberg, 1988, Experimental alteration of the rat skull bas and its effect on the position of the larynx and hyoid bone Reidenberg, 1991, Effect of basicranial flexion of larynx and hyoid position in rats: an experimental study of skull and soft tissue interactions, Anat. Rec., 230, 557, 10.1002/ar.1092300416 Russel, 1928 Senecail, 1979, L'Os hyoide; introduction anatomique a l'etude de certains mechanismes de la phonation, Mem. Lab. Anat. Fac. Med. Paris, no. 36–1979 Stevens, 1972, Quantal nature of speech Stevens, 1955, Development of a quantitative description of vowel articulation, J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 27, 484, 10.1121/1.1907943 Stevens, 1979, Invariant cues for place of articulation in stop consonants, J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 64, 1358, 10.1121/1.382102 Stuss, 1986 Sutton, 1988, Neural control of vocalization, Volume 4, 625 Terrace, 1979, Can an ape create a sentence?, Science, 206, 821, 10.1126/science.504995 Van den Berg, 1958, Myoelastic-aerodynamic theory of voice production, J. Speech Hear. Res., 1, 227, 10.1044/jshr.0103.227