The ability of different irrigation methods to remove mixtures of calcium hydroxide and barium sulphate from isthmuses in 3D printed transparent root canal models
Tóm tắt
The purpose is to evaluate the efficacy of different irrigation techniques in the removal of various calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)2] and barium sulfate [BaSO4] formulations from three isthmuses in 3-dimensional (3D) printed molar root canal models. 3D printed transparent models were designed, fabricated, and filled with pure Ca(OH)2 paste, Ca(OH)2–BaSO4 8:1 paste, Ca(OH)2–BaSO4 1:1 paste, pure BaSO4 paste, all in water, and Diapaste. Open-ended needle irrigation (ONI) at 5 and 15 mL/min, double-side-vented needle irrigation (DNI) at 5 mL/min, the GentleWave system (GW), PiezoFlow (PF), and passive ultrasonic activation (PUI) with distilled water, 0.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and 3% NaOCl were used to remove the materials from the isthmuses. Ninety groups (n = 10) were established. The removal time was recorded from the start of irrigation to the completion of removal. GW and PF were the only methods that removed all tested materials from the isthmuses. PF required 2–3 × as much time as GW for complete removal, depending on the BaSO4 content of the paste. ONI at 15 mL/min removed pure Ca(OH)2 paste, Ca(OH)2–BaSO4 (8:1) paste, Ca(OH)2–BaSO4 (1:1) completely but could not completely remove pure BaSO4 paste and Diapaste. PUI with intermittent needle irrigation, ONI, and DNI at 5 mL/min were not able to completely remove any of the materials within 7.5 min. The GW removed all materials faster than PF, whereas other methods failed to remove all materials from the isthmuses. Pure Ca(OH)2 and the mixture with BaSO4 paste in the proportion 8:1 were removed in less time than the other mixtures by the GW, PF and ONI systems, the latter only when using 15 mL/min flow rate.
Tài liệu tham khảo
Ricucci D, Siqueira JF. Fate of the tissue in lateral canals and apical ramifications in response to pathologic conditions and treatment procedures. J Endod. 2010;36:1–15.
Haapasalo M, Endal U, Zandi H, et al. Eradication of endodontic infection by instrumentation and irrigation solutions. Endod Topics. 2005;10:77–102.
Mohammadi Z, Dummer PM. Properties and applications of calcium hydroxide in endodontics and dental traumatology. Int Endod J. 2011;44:697–730.
Kim SK, Kim YO. Influence of calcium hydroxide intracanal medication on apical seal. Int Endod J. 2002;35:623–8.
Bottcher D, Hirai M, Neto U. Effect of calcium hydroxide dressing on the long-term sealing ability of two different endodontic sealers: an in vitro study. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2010;110:386–9.
Ricucci D, Langeland K. Incomplete calcium hydroxide removal from the root canal: a case report. Int Endod J. 1997;30:418–21.
Fava LR, Saunders WP. Calcium hydroxide pastes: classification and clinical indications. Int Endod J. 1999;32:257–82.
Ma JZ, Shen Y, Al-Ashaw AJ, et al. Micro-computed tomography evaluation of the removal of calcium hydroxide medicament from C-shaped root canals of mandibular second molars. Int Endod J. 2015;48:333–41.
Marques-da-Silva B, Alberton CS, Tomazinho FSF, et al. Effectiveness of five instruments when removing calcium hydroxide paste from simulated internal root resorption cavities in extracted maxillary central incisors. Int Endod J. 2020;53:366–75.
Wang Z, Shen Y, Haapasalo M. Root canal wall dentin structure in uninstrumented but cleaned human premolars: a scanning electron microscopic study. J Endod. 2018;44:842–8.
Ma J, Shen Y, Yang Y, et al. In vitro study of calcium hydroxide removal from mandibular molar root canals. J Endod. 2015;41:553–8.
Vertucci FJ. Root canal morphology and its relationship to endodontic procedures. Endod Topics. 2005;10:3–29.
Burleson A, Nusstein J, Reader A, et al. The in vivo evaluation of hand/rotary/ultrasound instrumentation in necrotic, human mandibular molars. J Endod. 2007;33:782–7.
Molina B, Glickman G, Vandrangi P, et al. Evaluation of root canal debridement of human molars using the GentleWave system. J Endod. 2015;41:1701–5.
Ordinola-Zapata R, Bramante CM, Duarte MA, et al. Shaping ability of reciproc and TF adaptive systems in severely curved canals of rapid micro CT-based prototyping molar replicas. J Appl Oral Sci. 2014;22:509–15.
Gok T, Capar ID, Akcay I, et al. Evaluation of different techniques for filling simulated C-shaped canals of 3-dimensional printed resin teeth. J Endod. 2017;43:1559–64.
Mohmmed SA, Vianna ME, Penny MR, et al. Investigations into in situ Enterococcus faecalis biofilm removal by passive and active sodium hypochlorite irrigation delivered into the lateral canal of a simulated root canal model. Int Endod J. 2018;51:649–62.
Yu H, Zhang X, Song W, et al. Effects of 3-dimensional bioprinting alginate/gelatin hydrogel scaffold extract on proliferation and differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells. J Endod. 2019;45:706–15.
Haapasalo M, Wang Z, Shen Y, et al. Tissue dissolution by a novel multisonic ultracleaning system and sodium hypochlorite. J Endod. 2014;40:1178–81.
Boutsioukis C, Verhaagen B, Versluis M, et al. Evaluation of irrigant flow in the root canal using different needle types by an unsteady computational fluid dynamics model. J Endod. 2010;36:875–9.
Chan R, Versiani MA, Friedman S, et al. Efficacy of 3 supplementary irrigation protocols in the removal of hard tissue debris from the mesial root canal system of mandibular molars. J Endod. 2019;45:923–9.
Capar ID, Ozcan E, Arslan H, et al. Effect of different final irrigation methods on the removal of calcium hydroxide from an artificial standardized groove in the apical third of root canals. J Endod. 2014;40:451–4.
Webber RT, Schwiebert KA, Cathey GM. A technique for placement of calcium hydroxide in the root canal system. J Am Dent Assoc. 1981;103:417–21.
Jones F, Jones P, Ogden MI, et al. The interaction of EDTA with barium sulfate. J Colloid Interface Sci. 2007;316:553–61.