The Tarim Basin, China, a prospect for plume-related Zr(Hf)-Nb(Ta)-REY-Ga-U mineralization

Anh, 2011, The Song Da magmatic suite revisited: a petrologic, geochemical and Sr-Nd isotopic study on picrites, flood basalts and silicic volcanic rocks, J. Asian Earth Sci., 42, 1341, 10.1016/j.jseaes.2011.07.020 Arbuzov, 2019, Comments on the geochemistry of rare-earth elements (La, Ce, Sm, Eu, Tb, Yb, Lu) with examples from coals of north Asia (Siberia, Russian far East, North China, Mongolia, and Kazakhstan), Int. J. Coal Geol., 206, 106, 10.1016/j.coal.2018.10.013 Arbuzov, 2019, 103073 Arbuzov, S.I., Ershov, V.V., Potseluev, A.A., Rikhvanov, L.P., 2000. Rare elements in coals of the Kuznetsk Basin Kemerovo, 248 pp. (in Russian). Arbuzov, S.I., Ershov, V.V., Rikhvanov, L.P., et al., 2003. Rare-metal Potential of Coals in the Minusa Basin Siberian Division, Russ. Acad. Sci., Novosibirsk, 347 pp. (in Russian). Arbuzov, 2016, Nature of tonsteins in the Azeisk deposit of the Irkutsk coal basin (Siberia, Russia), Int. J. Coal Geol., 152, 99, 10.1016/j.coal.2015.12.001 Baqués, 2020, Fracture, dissolution, and cementation events in Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, Tarim Basin, NW China. Geofluids, 2020, 9037429 Bowman, J.R., 1998. Stable-isotope systematics of skarns. In: Lentz, D.R. (Ed.), Mineralized Intrusion-Related Skarn Systems. Mineralogical Association of Canada Short Course 26, 99–145. Calvo, J.P., Blanc-Valleron, M.M., Rodríguez-Arandía, J.P., Rouchy, J.M., Sanz, M.E., 1999. Authigenic clay minerals in continental evaporitic environments. In Palaeoweathering, Palaeosurfaces and Related Continental Deposits; Thiry, M., Simon-Coinçon, R., Eds.; Springer: Oxford, UK, pp. 129–151. Cerling, T.E., Quade, J., 1993. Stable carbon and oxygen isotopes in soil carbonates. In: Swart, P., McKenzie, J.A., Lohman, K.C. (Eds.), American Geophysical Union Monograph. 78, 217–231. Carroll, 2001, Sinian through Permian tectonostratigraphic evolution of the northwestern Tarim basin, China, 194, 47 Chekryzhov, 2018, Occurrences of rare-earth mineralization in South Primorye, Gornyi Zhurnal, 2, 35, 10.17580/gzh.2018.02.05 Chen, 2017, Geochemistry of uranium in Chinese coals and the emission inventory of coal-fired power plants in China, Int. Geol. Rev., 60, 621, 10.1080/00206814.2017.1295284 Chen, 2003, Late Paleozoic depositional history of the Tarim basin, northwest China: An integration of biostratigraphic and lithostratigraphic constraints, AAPG Bull., 87, 1323, 10.1306/0401032001115 Cheng, 2018, The role of magmatic and post-magmatic hydrothermal processes on rare-earth element mineralization: A study of the Bachu carbonatites from the Tarim Large Igneous Province, NW China, Lithos, 314–315, 71, 10.1016/j.lithos.2018.05.023 Cleal, 2005, Palaeozoic tropical rainforests and their effect on global climates: is the past the key to the present?, Geobiology, 3, 13, 10.1111/j.1472-4669.2005.00043.x Committee Office of the National Mineral Reserves (CONMR), 1987. Reference Manual for the Requirements of Industrial Mineral Ores. Geological Press, Beijing, pp. 195–196 (in Chinese). Crowley, 1989, The effects of volcanic ash on the maceral and chemical composition of the C coal bed, Emery Coal Field, Utah. Org. Geochem., 14, 315, 10.1016/0146-6380(89)90059-4 Dai, 2018, Coal as a promising source of critical elements: Progress and future prospects, Int. J. Coal Geol., 186, 155, 10.1016/j.coal.2017.06.005 Dai, 2016, Metalliferous coal deposits in East Asia (Primorye of Russia and South China): a review of geodynamic controls and styles of mineralization, Gondwana Res., 29, 60, 10.1016/j.gr.2015.07.001 Dai, 2014, Revisiting the late Permian coal from the Huayingshan, Sichuan, southwestern China: Enrichment and occurrence modes of minerals and trace elements, Int. J. Coal Geol., 122, 110, 10.1016/j.coal.2013.12.016 Dai, 2018, A model for Nb-Zr-REE-Ga enrichment in Lopingian altered alkaline volcanic ashes: Key evidence of H-O isotopes, Lithos, 302–303, 359, 10.1016/j.lithos.2018.01.005 Dai, 2011, Chemical and mineralogical compositions of silicic, mafic, and alkali tonsteins in the late Permian coals from the Songzao Coalfield, Chongqing, Southwest China, Chem. Geol., 282, 29, 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2011.01.006 Dai, 2017, Altered volcanic ashes in coal and coal-bearing sequences: a review of their nature and significance, Earth-Sci. Rev., 175, 44, 10.1016/j.earscirev.2017.10.005 Dai, 2010, A new type of Nb (Ta)–Zr(Hf)–REE–Ga polymetallic deposit in the late Permian coal-bearing strata, eastern Yunnan, southwestern China: Possible economic significance and genetic implications, Int. J. Coal Geol., 2010, 55, 10.1016/j.coal.2010.04.002 DZ, T 0203–2002, Geology Mineral Industry Standard of P.R. China: Specifications for Rare Metal Mineral Exploration 2002 Geological Press Beijing. (in Chinese). DZ, T 0204–2002, Geology Mineral Industry Standard of P.R. China: Specifications for Rare Earth Mineral Exploration 2002 Geological Press Beijing. (in Chinese). EJ/T1157-2002, 2002. Exploration Specifications on In-Situ Leaching Sandstone Type Uranium Deposits. Elmouden, 2005, Constraints on alluvial clay mineral assemblages in semiarid regions. The Souss Wadi Basin (Morocco, Northwestern Africa), Geologica Acta, 3, 3 Enos, 1995, The Permian of China, 225 Eskenazy, 1987, Rare earth elements and yttrium in lithotypes of Bulgarian coals, Org. Geochem., 11, 83, 10.1016/0146-6380(87)90030-1 Eskenazy, 1987, Zirconium and hafnium in Bulgarian coals, Fuel, 66, 1652, 10.1016/0016-2361(87)90357-7 Goroschko, M.V., 2006. Uranium Metallogeny of the Russian Far East. Moscow: Nauka, 372 pp. (in Russian). He, 2003, Sedimentary evidence for a rapid, kilometer-scale crustal doming prior to the eruption of the Emeishan flood basalts, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 213, 391, 10.1016/S0012-821X(03)00323-6 He, 2007, Age and duration of the Emeishan flood volcanism, SW China: geochemistry and SHRIMP zircon U-Pb dating of silicic ignimbrites, post-volcanic Xuanwei Formation and clay tuff at the Chaotian section, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 255, 306, 10.1016/j.epsl.2006.12.021 Hou, 2020, Analysis of Geological Conditions of Permian Shale Oil and Gas in the Southwestern Depression of the Tarim Basin, Northwest China. Northwestern Geology, 53, 168 Hower, 1999, Lanthanide, yttrium, and zirconium anomalies in the Fire Clay coal bed, eastern Kentucky, Int. J. Coal Geol., 39, 141, 10.1016/S0166-5162(98)00043-3 Hower, 2020, Mineralogy of a rare earth element-rich Manchester coal lithotype, Clay County, Kentucky. Int. J. Coal Geol., 220 Huang, 2012, Continental vertical growth in the transitional zone between South Tianshan and Tarim, western Xinjiang, NW China: Insight from the Permian Halajun A1-type granitic magmatism, Lithos, 155, 49, 10.1016/j.lithos.2012.08.014 Jin, 2006, Geological and geochemical signatures of hydrothermal activity and their influence on carbonate reservoir beds in the Tarim Basin, Acta Geol. Sin., 80, 245 Jiu, 2020, Effect of hydrothermal fluids on the ultra-deep Ordovician carbonate rocks in Tarim Basin, China. J. Petrol. Sci. Eng., 194 Kokovkin, 2006, Endogenous polyelemental ore-forming systems in rift structures of the southern Far Eastern Russia, Otechestvennaya Geologiya (National Geology), 2, 5 Li, 2020, Geological controls on the distribution of REY-Zr (Hf)-Nb (Ta) enrichment horizons in late Permian coals from the Qiandongbei Coalfield, Guizhou Province, SW China. Int. J. Coal Geol., 231 Li, 1995, Hydrocarbon occurrences in the petroliferous basins in of western China, Mar. Pet. Geol., 12, 26, 10.1016/0264-8172(95)90385-W Li, 2008, Chronology and geochemistry of Taxinan basalts from the Tarim basin: evidence for Permian plume magmatism, Acta Petrol. Sin., 24, 959 Liu, 2011, Permian sequence stratigraphy of shallow water basin in Tarim Basin, Global Geology, 14, 221 Liu, 2015, Record of Tethyan ocean closure and Indosinian collision along the Ailaoshan suture zone (SW China), Gondwana Res., 27, 1292, 10.1016/j.gr.2013.12.013 Liu, 2016, Characteristics of hydrothermal activity in the Tarim Basin and its reworking effect on carbonate reservoirs, Nat. Gas Ind. B, 3, 202, 10.1016/j.ngib.2016.05.004 Liu, 2014, Origin of two types of rhyolites in the Tarim large Igneous Province: consequences of incubation and melting of a mantle plume, Lithos, 204, 59, 10.1016/j.lithos.2014.02.007 Liu, 2017, Multiphase calcite cementation and fluids evolution of a deeply buried carbonate reservoir in the Upper Ordovician Lianglitag Formation, Tahe Oilfield, Tarim Basin, NW China. Geofluids, 2017, 4813235 Liu, 2017, Hydrothermal dissolution of Ordovician carbonates rocks and its dissolution mechanism in Tarim Basin, China, Carbonates Evaporites, 32, 525, 10.1007/s13146-016-0309-2 Liu, 2019, Crustal melting above a mantle plume: Insights from the Permian Tarim Large Igneous Province, NW China, Lithos, 326–327, 370, 10.1016/j.lithos.2018.12.031 Liu, 2019, Mineralization of REE-Y-Nb-Ta-Zr-Hf in Wuchiapingian coals from the Liupanshui Coalfield, Guizhou, southwestern China: Geochemical evidence for terrigenous input, Ore Geol. Rev., 115, 10.1016/j.oregeorev.2019.103190 Liu, 2021, Strontium isotopes in high- and low-Ge coals from the Shengli Coalfield, Inner Mongolia, northern China: New indicators for Ge source, Int. J. Coal Geol., 233, 10.1016/j.coal.2020.103642 Lu, X., Gao, P., Zhang, X., Tian, L., Hua, X., Cai, J., 2012. Petroleum system of Carboniferous-Lower Permian in western Tarim Basin, China. In AAPG 2012 Annual Convention and Exhibition, Long Beach, Calif., April 22-25, 2012: AAPG Search and Discovery Article #90142. Luo, 2013, Geochronology-geochemistry of the Cida bimodal intrusive complex, central Emeishan large igneous province, southwest China: petrogenesis and plume-lithosphere interaction, Int. Geol. Rev., 55, 88, 10.1080/00206814.2012.689128 Lyons, 1992, An Appalachian isochron: a kaolinized Carboniferous air-fall volcanic-ash deposit tonstein, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 104, 1515, 10.1130/0016-7606(1992)104<1515:AAIAKC>2.3.CO;2 Mastalerz, 2020, Rare earth elements and yttrium in Pennsylvanian coals and shales in the eastern part of the Illinois Basin, Int. J. Coal Geol., 231, 10.1016/j.coal.2020.103620 Nechaev, 2018, Isotopic signatures of REY mineralization associated with lignite basins in South Primorye, Russian Far East. Ore Geol. Rev., 103, 68, 10.1016/j.oregeorev.2018.01.018 Nechaev, 2020, Bio-geochemical evolution and critical element mineralization in the Cretaceous-Cenozoic coals from the southern Far East Russia and northeastern China, Appl. Geochem., 117, 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2020.104602 Pan, 2013, Study of the genesis of Permian volcanic reservoir in Yuenan region Tarim Basin, Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis, 49, 603 Price, 1969, Mineralogy and chemistry of tonsteins from Carboniferous sequences in Great Britain, Sedimentology, 13, 45, 10.1111/j.1365-3091.1969.tb01120.x Pu, 2012, Seismic reflection, distribution, and potential trap of Permian volcanic rocks in the Tahe Field, J. Earth Sci., 23, 421, 10.1007/s12583-012-0265-2 Pu, 2011, Permian division and correlation and distribution of volcanic rocks of Tarim basin, Acta Petrol. Sin., 27, 166 Rollinson, 1993, 352 Seredin, 1994, The first data on abnormal Niobium content in Russian coals, Dokl. Earth Sci., 335, 634 Seredin, 1991, About the new type of rare earth element mineralization in the Cenozoic coal-bearing basins, Trans. (Dokl.) USSR Acad. Sci., 320, 1446 Seredin, 1996, Rare earth element-bearing coals from the Russian Far East deposits, Int. J. Coal Geol., 30, 101, 10.1016/0166-5162(95)00039-9 Seredin, 1998, Rare earth mineralization in Late Cenozoic explosion structures (Khanka massif, Primorskii Krai, Russia), Geol. Ore Deposits, 40, 357 Seredin, 2012, Coal deposits as potential alternative sources for lanthanides and yttrium, Int. J. Coal Geol., 94, 67, 10.1016/j.coal.2011.11.001 Seredin, 2008, Metalliferous coals: a review of the main genetic and geochemical types, Int. J. Coal Geol., 76, 253, 10.1016/j.coal.2008.07.016 Seredin, 2009, New data on the REY hydrothermal ores with extraordinarily high concentrations of rare earth elements, Dokl. Earth Sci., 425, 403, 10.1134/S1028334X0903012X Shand, 2005, Rare earth element contents of high pCO2 groundwaters of Primorye, Russia: Mineral stability and complexation controls, Water Sci. Technol. Lib., 51, 161, 10.1007/1-4020-3234-X_7 Shellnutt, 2014, The Emeishan large igneous province: a synthesis, Geosci. Front., 5, 369, 10.1016/j.gsf.2013.07.003 Shellnutt, 2011, Mineralogy from three peralkaline granitic plutons of the Late Permian Emeishan large igneous province (SW China): evidence for contrasting magmatic conditions of A-type granitoids, Eur. J. Mineral., 23, 45, 10.1127/0935-1221/2010/0022-2073 Shellnutt, 2007, Permian peralkaline, peraluminous and metaluminous A-type granites in the Panxi district, SW China: their relationship to the Emeishan mantle plume, Chem. Geol., 243, 286, 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2007.05.022 Shellnutt, 2012, Precise age determination of mafic and felsic intrusive rocks from the Permian Emeishan large igneous province (SW China), Gondwana Res., 22, 118, 10.1016/j.gr.2011.10.009 Shvets, 1999, On industrial value of rare earth and germanium in the main coal seams of Southern Yakutia, Geology and Tectonic of Platforms and Orogenic Belts of the North-Eastern Asia, Yakutsk, 2, 186 Spears, 1979, A geochemical and mineralogical investigation of some British and other European tonsteins, Sedimentology, 26, 407, 10.1111/j.1365-3091.1979.tb00917.x Summa, 1992, Trace element mobility during early diagenesis of volcanic ash: Applications to stratigraphic correlation, Quat. Int., 13–14, 149, 10.1016/1040-6182(92)90022-T Taylor, 1985, 312 Tian, 2010, The Tarim picrite–basalt–rhyolite suite, a Permian flood basalt from northwest China with contrasting rhyolites produced by fractional crystallization and anatexis, Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., 160, 407, 10.1007/s00410-009-0485-3 Vergunov, 2020, Mineralogy, geochemistry and genesis of rare metal Zr-Nb-Hf-Ta-REE-Ga mineralization of the seam XXX of Minusinsk Basin. Bulletin of the Tomsk Polytechnic University, Geo Assets Engineering, 331, 49 Vergunov, 2019, Mineralogy and geochemistry of the tonsteins in the coals of the Beisk deposit of Minusinsky Basin, Bull. Tomsk Polytech. Univ. Geo Assets Eng., 330, 155 Wang, 2007, Permian flood basalts and mafic intrusions in the Jinping (SW China)-Song Da (northern Vietnam) district: mantle sources, crustal contamination and sulfide segregation, Chem. Geol., 243, 317, 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2007.05.017 Wang, 2015, Boron isotopic constraints on the Nb and Ta mineralization of the syenitic dikes in the ~260Ma Emeishan large igneous province (SW China), Ore Geol. Rev., 65, 1110, 10.1016/j.oregeorev.2014.09.009 Ward, 1999, Mineral matter and trace elements in coals ofthe Gunnedah Basin, New South Wales, Australia. Int. J. Coal Geol., 40, 281, 10.1016/S0166-5162(99)00006-3 Wei, 2014, Plume-lithosphere interaction in the generation of the Tarim Large Igneous Province, NW China: Geochronological and geochemical constraints, Am. J. Sci., 314, 314, 10.2475/01.2014.09 Xiao, 2004, Distinct mantle sources of low-Ti and high-Ti basalts from the western Emeishan large igneous province, SW China: implications for plume-lithosphere interaction, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 228, 525, 10.1016/j.epsl.2004.10.002 Xing, 2012, Genesis and environment characteristics of dolomite-hosted quartz and its significance for hydrocarbon exploration, in Keping Area, Tarim Basin, China. J. Earth Sci., 23, 476, 10.1007/s12583-012-0269-y Xu, 2015, Carbonate reservoirs modified by magmatic intrusions in the Bachu area, Tarim Basin, NW China, Geosci. Front., 6, 779, 10.1016/j.gsf.2015.02.002 Xu, 2001, Petrologic and geochemical constraintson the petrogenesis of Permian-Triassic Emeishan flood basalts in southwestern China, Lithos, 58, 145, 10.1016/S0024-4937(01)00055-X Xu, 2010, Silicic magmas form the Emeishan large igneous province, southwest China: petrogenesis and their link with the end-Guadalupian biological crisis, Lithos, 119, 47, 10.1016/j.lithos.2010.04.013 Xu, 2010, Silicic magmas from the Emeishan large igneous province, Southwest China: Petrogenesis and their link with the end-Guadalupian biological crisis, Lithos, 119, 47, 10.1016/j.lithos.2010.04.013 Xu, 2004, Geologic, geochemical, and geophysical consequences of plume involvement in the Emeishan flood-basalt province, Geology, 32, 917, 10.1130/G20602.1 Yu, 2009, Geochemical features of Permian basalts in Tarim Basin and compared with Emeishan LIP, Acta Petrol. Sin., 25, 1492 Yu, 2017, Petrogenetic model of the Permian Tarim Large Igneous Province, Sci. China Earth Sci., 60, 1805, 10.1007/s11430-016-9098-7 Zhang, 2011, K-Ar dating of authigenic illites and the hydrocarbon accumulation history of the Silurian bituminous sandstone reservoirs in the Yingmaili area, Tarim Basin. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 38, 203 Zhang, 2010, Diverse Permian magmatism in the Tarim Block, NW China: Genetically linked to the Permian Tarim mantle plume?, Lithos, 119, 537, 10.1016/j.lithos.2010.08.007 Zhang, 2016, Extreme enrichment of rare earth elements in hard clay rocks and its potential as a resource, Ore Geol. Rev., 72, 191, 10.1016/j.oregeorev.2015.07.018 Zhao, 2017, Cryptic sediment-hosted critical element mineralization from eastern Yunnan Province, southwestern China: mineralogy, geochemistry, relationship to Emeishan alkaline magmatism and possible origin, Ore Geol. Rev., 80, 116, 10.1016/j.oregeorev.2016.06.014 Zhao, 2016, New insights into the lowest Xuanwei Formation in eastern Yunnan Province, SW China: implications for Emeishan large igneous province felsic tuff deposition and the cause of the end-Guadalupian mass extinction, Lithos, 264, 375, 10.1016/j.lithos.2016.08.037 Zhao, 2019, Enrichment of critical elements (Nb-Ta-Zr-Hf-REE) within coal and host rocks from the Datanhao mine, Daqingshan Coalfield, northern China, Ore Geol. Rev., 111, 10.1016/j.oregeorev.2019.102951 Zhao, 2017, Origin of minerals and critical metals in an argillized tuff from the Huayingshan Coalfield, southwestern China, Minerals, 7, 92, 10.3390/min7060092 Zhong, 2020, Geochemical, biostratigraphic, and high-resolution geochronological constraints on the waning stage of Emeishan Large Igneous Province, GSA Bulletin, 132, 1969, 10.1130/B35464.1 Zhou, 2009, OIB-like, heterogeneous mantle sources of Permian basaltic magmatism in the western Tarim Basin, NW China: Implications for a possible Permian large igneous province, Lithos, 113, 583, 10.1016/j.lithos.2009.06.027 Zhou, 2000, Trace element geochemistry of altered volcanic ash layers (tonsteins) in Late Permian coal-bearing formations of eastern Yunnan and western Guizhou Province, China. Int. J. Coal Geol., 44, 305, 10.1016/S0166-5162(00)00017-3 Zhou, 1982, Origin and distribution of tonsteins in Late Permian coal seams of southwestern China, Int. J. Coal Geol., 2, 49, 10.1016/0166-5162(82)90015-5 Zhu, 2015, Fluid environment for preservation of pore spaces in a deep dolomite reservoir, Geofluids, 15, 527, 10.1111/gfl.12123 Zhu, 2005, Comparison of Permian palynological assemblages from the Junggar and Tarim Basins and their phytoprovincial significance, Rev. Palaeobot. Palynol., 136, 181, 10.1016/j.revpalbo.2005.07.001 Zielinski, 1985, Element mobility during alteration of silicic ash to kaolinite—a study of tonstein, Sedimentology, 32, 567, 10.1111/j.1365-3091.1985.tb00471.x