The Status, Obstacles and Policy Recommendations of Shale Gas Development in China

Sustainability - Tập 7 Số 3 - Trang 2353-2372
Guanglin Pi1, Xiucheng Dong1, Cong Dong1, Jie Guo1, Zhengwei Ma1
1School of Business Administration, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing, 102249, China

Tóm tắt

The Chinese government has introduced numerous policies and development plans to boost its shale gas industry in recent years. However, China’s shale gas exploration and development is still in the initial stage and has been confronted with many challenges. This paper systematically analyzes the current status of China’s shale gas industry from five aspects for the first time—resource situation, exploration and development status, policy and planning situation, technology status and international cooperation—then respectively elaborates on the different obstacles of shale gas development in the short run and the medium and long term. We argue that short-term barriers to the Chinese shale gas industry mainly include objective factors, such as geological and surface conditions, shale gas proven reserves, technology innovation and environmental concerns, while some man-made obstacles (except for water scarcity) may restrict shale gas development in the medium and long term. In order to better tackle the short-term challenges, this paper proposes policy recommendations from five perspectives: strengthening the investigation and evaluation of China’s shale gas resources; perfecting shale gas industry policy; establishing a national shale gas comprehensive experimental zone; enhancing scientific and technological research; and establishing a shale gas regulatory system with an emphasis on environmental protection and supervision.

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

Wang, Z., and Krupnick, A. (2013). A Retrospective Review of Shale Gas Development in the United States: What Led to the Boom?, Resources for the Future. Resources for the Future Discussion Paper No. 13–12.

EIA (2014). Annual Energy Outlook 2014, Available online:http://www.eia.gov/forecasts/aeo/index.cfm?src=Natural-f4.

BP Available online:http://www.bp.com/content/dam/bp/pdf/statistical-review/statistical_review_of_world_energy_2013.pdf.

Hu, 2013, Opportunity, challenges and policy choices for China on the development of shale gas, Energy Policy, 60, 21, 10.1016/j.enpol.2013.04.068

Li, 2011, Development technology and strategy of shale gas, Nat. Gas Oil, 29, 34

Lu, 2014, Environmental concerns of shale gas production in China, Energy Sources Part A, 36, 638, 10.1080/15567036.2013.835366

Tan, 2014, Shale gas potential of the major marine shale formations in the Upper Yangtze Platform, South China, Part II: Methane sorption capacity, Fuel, 129, 204, 10.1016/j.fuel.2014.03.064

Wang, 2014, Is China really ready for shale gas revolution—Re-evaluating shale gas challenges, Environ. Sci. Policy, 39, 49, 10.1016/j.envsci.2014.02.007

Wang, 2013, Wake-up call for China to re-evaluate its shale gas ambition, Environ. Sci. Technol., 47, 11920, 10.1021/es403642u

Yang, H., Flower, R.J., and Thompson, J.R. (2013). Shale gas: Pollution fears in China. Nature.

Zou, 2010, Geological characteristics, formation mechanism and resource potential of shale gas in China, Pet. Explor. Dev., 37, 641, 10.1016/S1876-3804(11)60001-3

Xu, 2012, Research progress in shale gas geological theory in China, Spec. Oil Gas Reserv., 19, 9

Zhang, 2012, The method of shale gas assessment: Probability volume method, Earth Sci. Front., 19, 184

Chen, 2010, Proposals for the application of fracturing by stimulated reservoir volume (SRV) in shale gas wells in China, Nat. Gas. Ind., 30, 30

Wang, 2013, The progress of the exploitation technology of shale gas in China, Sino-Glob. Energy, 18, 23

Wang, 2011, The problems and countermeasures of China’s shale gas exploration and development, Nat. Gas Ind., 31, 119

Zhai, 2012, A few issues to be highlighted in the industrialization of shale gas in China, Nat. Gas Ind., 32, 1

Zhao, 2013, Focus on the development of shale gas in China-Based on SWOT analysis, Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., 21, 603, 10.1016/j.rser.2012.12.044

Zeng, 2014, China’s shale gas development outlook and challenges, Power, 158, 41

Wang, 2013, Shale gas exploration and appraisal in China: Problems and discussion, Nat. Gas Ind., 33, 13

Wan, 2014, Barriers to the development of China’s shale gas industry, J. Clean. Prod., 84, 818, 10.1016/j.jclepro.2014.04.073

Zhang, 2013, Lessons for shale oil & gas development from that of tight oil & gas and coalbed methane gas in China, Nat. Gas Ind., 33, 18

Zhang, 2013, The current state in China of shale gas exploration and development, and of external cooperation, Int. Pet. Econ., 7, 47

Dong, 2012, Progress and prospects of shale gas exploration and development in China, Acta Pet. Sin., 33, 107

MLR (2004). Shale Gas Exploration and Development Situation, Available online:http://www.mlr.gov.cn/xwdt/zsdwdt/201409/t20140918_1330243.htm.

Wang, 2013, A primary discussion on challenges for exploration and development of shale gas resources in China, Nat. Gas Ind., 33, 8

CGS Available online:http://202.204.193.99/files/71760000001D366A/ogs-cgs.cn/UserFiles/file/20140805/20140805091653_265.pdf.

Guo, 2014, Fracturing technology status of continental shale gas reservior in Ordos Basin, J. Yanan. Univ. (Nat. Sci. Ed.), 33, 78

Wang, 2014, Application of CO2 fracturing technology for terrestrial shale gas reservoirs, Nat. Gas Ind., 34, 64

Tian, 2014, Stimulating shale gas development in China: A comparison with the US experience, Energy Policy, 75, 109, 10.1016/j.enpol.2014.07.025

NEA (2014). National “Thirteen Five” Energy Planning Meeting, Available online:http://www.nea.gov.cn/2014–08/21/c_133571995.htm.

EIA (2011). World Shale Gas Resources: An Initial Assessment of 14 Regions Outside the United States, Available online:http://www.eia.gov/analysis/studies/worldshalegas/.

EIA (2013). Technically Recoverable Shale Oil and Shale Gas Resources: An Assessment of 137 Shale Formations in 41 Countries Outside the United States, Available online:http://www.eia.gov/analysis/studies/worldshalegas/.

Liu, 2010, China shale gas resources and prospect potential, Acta Geol. Sin., 84, 1374

Qiu, 2012, Strategic position of unconventional natural gas resources in China, Nat. Gas Ind., 32, 1

Zhang, 2008, Exploration potential of shale gas resources in China, Nat. Gas Ind., 28, 136

Zhao, 2012, The resource potential and future status in natural gas development of shale gas in China, Eng. Sci., 14, 46

USGS (1995). Terminology, Available online:http://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1995/circ1118/resass/term.html.

EIA (2014). U.S. Crude Oil and Natural Gas Proved, Available online:Available online: http://www.eia.gov/naturalgas/crudeoilreserves/index.cfm.

Hughes, 2013, A reality check on the shale revolution, Nature, 494, 307, 10.1038/494307a

Mitchell, 2011, Economic incentives and regulatory framework for shale gas well site reclamation in Pennsylvania, Environ. Sci. Technol., 45, 9506, 10.1021/es2021796

Bao, S.J. China’s Shale Gas Exploration and Development Progress and Major Challenge. Available online:http://wenku.baidu.com/view/8bcf5f3925c52cc58ad6be06.

Mauter, 2014, Regional variation in water-related impacts of shale gas development and implications for emerging international plays, Environ. Sci. Technol., 48, 8298, 10.1021/es405432k

Vengosh, 2014, A critical review of the risks to water resources from unconventional shale gas development and hydraulic fracturing in the United States, Environ. Sci. Technol., 48, 8334, 10.1021/es405118y

Parker, 2014, Enhanced formation of disinfection byproducts in shale gas wastewater-impacted drinking water supplies, Environ. Sci. Technol., 48, 11161, 10.1021/es5028184

Rahm, 2010, Regulating hydraulic fracturing in shale gas plays: The case of Texas, Energy Policy, 39, 2974, 10.1016/j.enpol.2011.03.009

Moore, 2014, Air impacts of increased natural gas acquisition, processing, and use: A critical review, Environ. Sci. Technol., 48, 8349, 10.1021/es4053472

Newell, 2014, Implications of shale gas development for climate change, Environ. Sci. Technol., 48, 8360, 10.1021/es4046154

Laurenzi, 2013, Life cycle greenhouse gas emissions and freshwater consumption of marcellus shale gas, Environ. Sci. Technol., 47, 4896, 10.1021/es305162w

Schneising, 2014, Remote sensing of fugitive methane emissions from oil and gas production in North American tight geologic formations, Earth’s Future, 2, 548, 10.1002/2014EF000265

Howarth, 2011, Methane and the greenhouse-gas footprint of natural gas from shale formations, Clim. Chang., 106, 679, 10.1007/s10584-011-0061-5

Wang, 2014, Natural gas from shale formation-The evolution, evidences and challenges of shale gas revolution in United States, Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., 30, 1, 10.1016/j.rser.2013.08.065

Werner, 2015, Environmental health impacts of unconventional natural gas development: A review of the current strength of evidence, Sci. Total Environ., 505, 1127, 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.10.084

Adgate, 2014, Potential public health hazards, exposures and health effects from unconventional natural gas development, Environ. Sci. Technol., 48, 8307, 10.1021/es404621d

Colborn, 2011, Natural gas operations from a public health perspective, Hum. Ecol. Risk Assess., 17, 1039, 10.1080/10807039.2011.605662

Krupnick, 2014, Environmental risks of shale gas development in China, Energy Policy, 75, 117, 10.1016/j.enpol.2014.07.022

Jin, 2013, Crisis of Chinese groundwater pollution, Ecol. Econ., 5, 12

Wigley, 2011, Coal to gas: The influence of methane leakage, Clim. Chang., 108, 601, 10.1007/s10584-011-0217-3

Hou, 2013, Regulation and oversight of the venting and leaking of methane in the natural gas development: A comparative study, Nat. Gas Ind., 33, 126

Feng, 2013, A strategic evaluation on the development of shale gas in China based on SWOT model, Environ. Sustain. Dev., 2, 15

SASAC (2014). Shale Gas Cumulative Production of Fuling Gas Field Exceeds One Billion Cubic Meters, Available online:http://www.sasac.gov.cn/n1180/n1226/n2410/n314244/16105675.html.

Han, 2014, To Struggle for 600 Billion Cubic Meters of Natural Gas, Energy Rev., 6, 2

CSGCN CNPC Begins To Construct the First Shale Gas Pipeline. Available online:http://www.csgcn.com.cn/news/show-13712.html.

CNPC Research Institute of Economics & Technology (2013). Domestic and international oil and gas industry’s 2013 development and 2014 outlook. Int. Pet. Econ., 1, 30–39. (In Chinese).

CIA (2013). The WorldFactbook, Available online:https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2117.html.

CGEP Available online:http://energypolicy.columbia.edu/on-the-record/meeting-chinas-shale-gas-goals.

FAO Available online:http://www.fao.org/nr/water/aquastat/data/query/index.html.

Guo, J.F., Gao, S.J., Hong, T., Wang, H.Q., Li, W.M., and Yang, J.H. (2014). Promoting the Reform of Natural Gas Prices Needs To Coordinate and Balance Five Basic Relations, Available online:http://www.drc.gov.cn/xsyzcfx/20141118/4-4-2884890.htm.

MLR (2012). Notice on strengthening the exploration, exploitation, supervision and administration of shale gas resource. Nat. Land Resour. Inf., 21, 38–39. (In Chinese).

Luo, 2013, Thought on perfecting shale gas industry policy of China, Pet. Chem., 9, 46

Zeng, 2013, Status, problems and solutions to China’s shale gas development, China Popul. Resour. Environ., 23, 33

Zhang, 2012, Recommendations of innovation of China’s shale gas mining right management system and supervision system, Pet. Equip., 46, 42

Dana, D.A., and Wiseman, H.J. (2013). A Market Approach to Regulating the Energy Revolution: Assurance Bonds, Insurance, and the Certain and Uncertain Risks of Hydraulic Fracturing, Northwestern University. Northwestern Law & Economics Research Paper No. 13–37.