The Role of Sodium Channels in Chronic Inflammatory and Neuropathic Pain
Tóm tắt
Từ khóa
Tài liệu tham khảo
Abram, 1994, Systemic lidocaine blocks nerve injury–induced hyperalgesia and nociceptor-driven spinal sensitization in the rat, Anesthesiology, 80, 383, 10.1097/00000542-199402000-00018
Akopian, 1999, The tetrodotoxin-resistant sodium channel SNS has a specialized function in pain pathways, Nat Neurosci, 2, 541, 10.1038/9195
Aley, 1998, Nitric oxide signaling in pain and nociceptor sensitization in the rat, J Neurosci, 18, 7008, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.18-17-07008.1998
Amir, 1996, Chemically mediated cross-excitation in rat dorsal root ganglia, J Neurosci, 16, 4733, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.16-15-04733.1996
Amir, 1997, Spike-evoked suppression and burst patterning in dorsal root ganglion neurons, J Physiol (Lond), 501, 183, 10.1111/j.1469-7793.1997.183bo.x
Amir, 1999, Membrane potential oscillations in dorsal root ganglion neurons, J Neurosci, 19, 8589, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.19-19-08589.1999
Amir, 2002, Burst discharge in primary sensory neurons, J Neurosci, 22, 1187, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.22-03-01187.2002
Andrew, 1999, Mechanical and heat sensitization of cutaneous nociceptors after peripheral inflammation in the rat, J Neurophysiol, 82, 2649, 10.1152/jn.1999.82.5.2649
Araujo, 2003, Multiple phases of relief from experimental mechanical allodynia by systemic lidocaine, Pain, 103, 21, 10.1016/S0304-3959(02)00350-0
Argoff, 2004, Effectiveness of the lidocaine patch 5% on pain qualities in three chronic pain states, Curr Med Res Opin, 20, S21, 10.1185/030079904X12960
Armstrong, 1973, Currents related to movements of the gating particles of the sodium channels, Nature, 242, 459, 10.1038/242459a0
Arner, 1990, Prolonged relief of neuralgia after regional anesthetic blocks. A call for further experimental and systematic clinical studies, Pain, 43, 287, 10.1016/0304-3959(90)90026-A
Baker, 2003, GTP-induced tetrodotoxin-resistant Na+ current regulates excitability in mouse and rat small diameter sensory neurones, J Physiol, 548, 373, 10.1113/jphysiol.2003.039131
Bender, 2003, Enhanced expression of a specific hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide–gated cation channel (HCN) in surviving dentate gyrus granule cells of human and experimental epileptic hippocampus, J Neurosci, 23, 6826, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.23-17-06826.2003
Benkwitz, 2003, Lidocaine enhances Galphai protein function, Anesthesiology, 99, 1093, 10.1097/00000542-200311000-00015
Bennett, 1994, Neuropathic pain, 201
Bennett, 1988, A peripheral mononeuropathy in rat that produces disorders of pain sensation like those seen in man, Pain, 33, 87, 10.1016/0304-3959(88)90209-6
Beyak, 2004, Two TTX-resistant Na+ currents in mouse colonic dorsal root ganglia neurons and their role in colitis-induced hyperexcitability, Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol, 287, G845, 10.1152/ajpgi.00154.2004
Bian, 1999, Loss of antiallodynic and antinociceptive spinal/supraspinal morphine synergy in nerve-injured rats, Brain Res, 831, 55, 10.1016/S0006-8993(99)01393-1
Bielefeldt, 2002, Experimental ulcers alter voltage-sensitive sodium currents in rat gastric sensory neurons, Gastroenterology, 122, 394, 10.1053/gast.2002.31026
Bischoff, 2003, Local anesthetics block hyperpolarization-activated inward current in rat small dorsal root ganglion neurones, Br J Pharmacol, 139, 1273, 10.1038/sj.bjp.0705363
Black, 1999, Upregulation of a silent sodium channel after peripheral, but not central, nerve injury in DRG neurons, J Neurophysiol, 82, 2776, 10.1152/jn.1999.82.5.2776
Black, 1996, Spinal sensory neurons express multiple sodium channel α-subunit mRNAs, Mol Brain Res, 43, 117, 10.1016/S0169-328X(96)00163-5
Black, 2004, Changes in the expression of tetrodotoxin-sensitive sodium channels within dorsal root ganglia neurons in inflammatory pain, Pain, 108, 237, 10.1016/j.pain.2003.12.035
Blumenthal, 2003, Voltage-gated sodium channel toxins, Cell Biochem Biophys, 38, 215, 10.1385/CBB:38:2:215
Boucher, 2000, Potent analgesic effects of GDNF in neuropathic pain states, Science, 290, 124, 10.1126/science.290.5489.124
Brau, 2001, Effect of drugs used for neuropathic pain management on tetrodotoxin-resistant Na(+) currents in rat sensory neurons, Anesthesiology, 94, 137, 10.1097/00000542-200101000-00024
Brau, 1998, Fundamental properties of local anesthetics, Anesth Analg, 87, 885
Brock, 1998, Tetrodotoxin-resistant impulses in single nociceptor nerve terminals in guinea-pig cornea, J Physiol (Lond), 512, 211, 10.1111/j.1469-7793.1998.211bf.x
Brock, 2001, Differences between nerve terminal impulses of polymodal nociceptors and cold sensory receptors of the guinea-pig cornea, J Physiol, 533, 493, 10.1111/j.1469-7793.2001.0493a.x
Bryson, 1996, Amitriptyline. A review of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic use in chronic pain states, Drugs Aging, 8, 459, 10.2165/00002512-199608060-00008
Burgess, 2002, Time-dependent descending facilitation from the rostral ventromedial medulla maintains, but does not initiate, neuropathic pain, J Neurosci, 22, 5129, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.22-12-05129.2002
Butterworth, 1990, Molecular mechanisms of local anesthesia, Anesthesiology, 72, 711, 10.1097/00000542-199004000-00022
Cahalan, 1979, Interactions between quaternary lidocaine, the sodium channel gates, and tetrodotoxin, Biophys J, 27, 39, 10.1016/S0006-3495(79)85201-7
Cardenas, 1997, 5HT4 receptors couple positively to tetrodotoxin-insensitive sodium channels in a subpopulation of capsaicin-sensitive rat sensory neurons, J Neurosci, 17, 7181, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.17-19-07181.1997
Carr, 2002, The effects of polarizing current on nerve terminal impulses recorded from polymodal and cold receptors in the guinea-pig cornea, J Gen Physiol, 120, 395, 10.1085/jgp.20028628
Catterall, 2000, From ionic currents to molecular mechanisms, Neuron, 26, 13, 10.1016/S0896-6273(00)81133-2
Casula, 2004, Expression of the sodium channel β3 subunit in injured human sensory neurons, Neuroreport, 15, 1629, 10.1097/01.wnr.0000134927.02776.ae
Chabal, 1989, The effect of intravenous lidocaine, tocainide, and mexiletine on spontaneously active fibers originating in rat sciatic neuromas, Pain, 38, 333, 10.1016/0304-3959(89)90220-0
Chaplan, 1995, Prolonged alleviation of tactile allodynia by intravenous lidocaine in neuropathic rats, Anesthesiology, 83, 775, 10.1097/00000542-199510000-00017
Chaplan, 2003, Neuronal hyperpolarization-activated pacemaker channels drive neuropathic pain, J Neurosci, 23, 1169, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.23-04-01169.2003
Chapman, 1998, A novel spinal action of mexiletine in spinal somatosensory transmission of nerve injured rats, Pain, 77, 289, 10.1016/S0304-3959(98)00106-7
Chen, 2004, Differential blockade of nerve injury–induced thermal and tactile hypersensitivity by systemically administered brain-penetrating and peripherally restricted local anesthetics, J Pain, 5, 281, 10.1016/j.jpain.2004.05.002
Chernoff, 1990, Kinetic analysis of phasic inhibition of neuronal sodium currents by lidocaine and bupivacaine, Biophys J, 58, 53, 10.1016/S0006-3495(90)82353-5
Chevrier, 2004, Differential modulation of Nav1.7 and Nav1.8 peripheral nerve sodium channels by the local anesthetic lidocaine, Br J Pharmacol, 142, 576, 10.1038/sj.bjp.0705796
Chung, 2004, Sodium channels and neuropathic pain, Novartis Found Symp, 261, 27
Coggeshall, 2004, Differential expression of tetrodotoxin-resistant sodium channels Nav1.8 and Nav1.9 in normal and inflamed rats, Neurosci Lett, 355, 45, 10.1016/j.neulet.2003.10.023
Coward, 2001, Immunolocalisation of sodium channel NaG in the intact and injured human peripheral nervous system, J Anat, 198, 175, 10.1046/j.1469-7580.2001.19820175.x
Cranner, 2002, Changes of sodium channel expression in experimental diabetic neuropathy, Ann Neurol, 52, 786, 10.1002/ana.10364
Cummins, 1999, A novel persistent tetrodotoxin-resistant sodium current in SNS-null and wild-type small primary sensory neurons, J Neurosci, 19, RC43, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.19-24-j0001.1999
Cummins, 2004, Electrophysiological properties of mutant Nav1.7 sodium channels in a painful inherited neuropathy, J Neurosci, 24, 8232, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2695-04.2004
Dalpiaz, 2004, Topical lidocaine patch therapy for myofascial pain, J Pain Palliat Care Pharmacother, 18, 15, 10.1080/J354v18n03_03
Davis, 2003, Erythromelalgia: Vasculopathy, neuropathy, or both? A prospective study of vascular and neurophysiologic studies in erythromelalgia, Arch Dermatol, 139, 1337, 10.1001/archderm.139.10.1337
de Jong, 1994, 250
Decosterd, 2002, The pattern of expression of the voltage-gated sodium channels Na(v)1.8 and Na(v)1.9 does not change in uninjured primary sensory neurons in experimental neuropathic pain models, Pain, 96, 269, 10.1016/S0304-3959(01)00456-0
Devor, 1991, Neuropathic pain and injured nerve, Br Med Bull, 47, 619, 10.1093/oxfordjournals.bmb.a072496
Devor, 1993, Na+ channel immunolocalization in peripheral mammalian axons and changes following nerve injury and neuroma formation, J Neurosci, 13, 1976, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.13-05-01976.1993
Devor, 1999, Pathophysiology of damaged nerves in relation to chronic pain, 129
Devor, 1992, Systemic lidocaine silences ectopic neuroma and DRG discharge without blocking nerve conduction, Pain, 48, 261, 10.1016/0304-3959(92)90067-L
Dib-Hajj, 1999, Plasticity of sodium channel expression in DRG neurons in the chronic constriction injury model of neuropathic pain, Pain, 83;, 591, 10.1016/S0304-3959(99)00169-4
Dib-Hajj, 2005, Gain-of-function mutation in Nav1.7 in familial erythromelalgia induces bursting of sensory neurons, Brain, 128, 1847, 10.1093/brain/awh514
Dib-Hajj, 1998, NaN, a novel voltage-gated Na channel, is expressed preferentially in peripheral sensory neurons and down-regulated after axotomy, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 95, 8963, 10.1073/pnas.95.15.8963
Dina, 2003, Role of the sensory neuron cytoskeleton in second messenger signaling for inflammatory pain, Neuron, 39, 613, 10.1016/S0896-6273(03)00473-2
Djouhri, 2003, The TTX-resistant sodium channel Nav1.8 (SNS/PN3), J Physiol, 550, 739, 10.1113/jphysiol.2003.042127
Doan, 2004, Differential distribution and function of hyperpolarization-activated channels in sensory neurons and mechanosensitive fibers, J Neurosci, 24, 3335, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5156-03.2004
Drenth, 2005, SCN9A mutations define primary erythermalgia as a neuropathic disorder of voltage-gated sodium channels, J Invest Dermatol, 124, 1333, 10.1111/j.0022-202X.2005.23737.x
Duarte, 2005, Reduction of post-incisional allodynia by subcutaneous bupivacaine, Anesthesiol, 103, 113, 10.1097/00000542-200507000-00018
England, 1996, PGE2 modulates the tetrodotoxin-resistant sodium current in neonatal rat dorsal root ganglion neurons via the cyclic AMP–protein kinase A cascade, J Physiol, 495, 429, 10.1113/jphysiol.1996.sp021604
Eschenfelder, 2000, Dorsal root section elicits signs of neuropathic pain rather than reversing them in rats with L5 spinal nerve injury, Pain, 87, 213, 10.1016/S0304-3959(00)00285-2
Fang, 2002, The presence and the role of the tetrodotoxin-resistant sodium channel Nav1.9 (NaN) in nociceptive primary afferent neurons, J Neurosci, 22, 7425, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.22-17-07425.2002
Ferrante, 1996, The analgesic response to intravenous lidocaine in the treatment of neuropathic pain, Anesth Analg, 82, 91
Finnerup, 2005, Intravenous lidocaine relieves spinal cord injury pain, Anesthesiol, 102, 1023, 10.1097/00000542-200505000-00023
Fischer, 2001, Local anesthetics attenuate lysophosphatidic acid–induced priming in human neutrophils, Anesth Analg, 92, 1041, 10.1097/00000539-200104000-00044
Fitzgerald, 1999, cAMP-dependent phosphorylation of the tetrodotoxin-resistant voltage-dependent sodium channel SNS, J Physiol, 516, 433, 10.1111/j.1469-7793.1999.0433v.x
Fjell, 1999, Differential role of GDNF and NGF in the maintenance of two TTX-resistant sodium channels in adult DRG neurons, Brain Res Mol Brain Res, 67, 267, 10.1016/S0169-328X(99)00070-4
Fjell, 2000, Localization of the tetrodotoxin-resistant sodium channel NaN in nociceptors, Neuroreport, 11, 199, 10.1097/00001756-200001170-00039
Frazier, 1970, The site of action and active form of local anesthetics. II. Experiments with quaternary compounds, J Pharmacol Exp Ther, 171, 45
Fridrich, 2004, Phase Ia and Ib study of amitriptyline for ulnar nerve block in humans, Anesthesiology, 100, 1511, 10.1097/00000542-200406000-00025
Galer, 2004, Topical lidocaine patch 5% may target a novel underlying pain mechanism in osteoarthritis, Curr Med Res Opin, 20, 1455, 10.1185/030079904X2754
Gardell, 2003, Multiple actions of systemic artemin in experimental neuropathy, Nat Med, 9, 1383, 10.1038/nm944
Gerner, 2003, Assessment of differential blockade by amitriptyline and its N-methyl derivative in different species by different routes, Anesthesiology, 98, 1484, 10.1097/00000542-200306000-00028
Gerner, 2003, Topical amitriptyline in healthy volunteers, Reg Anesth Pain Med, 28, 289
Gerner, 2001, Amitriptyline versus bupivacaine in rat sciatic nerve blockade, Anesthesiology, 94, 661, 10.1097/00000542-200104000-00021
Gold, 1996, DAMGO inhibits prostaglandin E2-induced potentiation of a TTX-resistant Na+ current in rat sensory neurons in vitro, Neurosci Lett, 212, 83, 10.1016/0304-3940(96)12791-9
Gold, 1998, Modulation of TTX-R INa by PKC and PKA and their role in PGE2-induced sensitization of rat sensory neurons in vitro, J Neurosci, 18, 10345, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.18-24-10345.1998
Gold, 1996, Hyperalgesic agents increase a tetrodotoxin-resistant Na+ current in nociceptors, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 93, 1108, 10.1073/pnas.93.3.1108
Gold, 2004, Cutaneous and colonic rat DRG neurons differ with respect to both baseline and PGE2-induced changes in passive and active electrophysiological properties, J Neurophysiol, 91, 2524, 10.1152/jn.00866.2003
Gold, 2003, Redistribution of Na(V)1.8 in uninjured axons enables neuropathic pain, J Neurosci, 23, 158, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.23-01-00158.2003
Gold, 2002, Prostaglandin E(2) modulates TTX-R I(Na) in rat colonic sensory neurons, J Neurophysiol, 88, 1512, 10.1152/jn.2002.88.3.1512
Goldin, 2001, Resurgence of sodium channel research, Annu Rev Physiol, 63, 871, 10.1146/annurev.physiol.63.1.871
Goldin, 2000, Nomenclature of voltage-gated sodium channels, Neuron, 28, 365, 10.1016/S0896-6273(00)00116-1
Gould, 1998, Rapid sodium channel augmentation in response to inflammation induced by complete Freund’s adjuvant, Brain Res, 802, 69, 10.1016/S0006-8993(98)00568-X
Gould, 2004, Ibuprofen blocks changes in Na v 1.7 and 1.8 sodium channels associated with complete Freund’s adjuvant–induced inflammation in rat, J Pain, 5, 270, 10.1016/j.jpain.2004.04.005
Gould, 2000, A possible role for nerve growth factor in the augmentation of sodium channels in models of chronic pain, Brain Res, 854, 19, 10.1016/S0006-8993(99)02216-7
Gould, 1999, Development of inflammatory hypersensitivity and augmentation of sodium channels in rat dorsal root ganglia, Brain Res, 824, 296, 10.1016/S0006-8993(99)01218-4
Gu, 1997, Activation of ATP P2X receptors elicits glutamate release from sensory neuron synapses, Nature, 389, 749, 10.1038/39639
Hains, 2003, Upregulation of sodium channel Nav1.3 and functional involvement in neuronal hyperexcitability associated with central neuropathic pain after spinal cord injury, J Neurosci, 23, 8881, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.23-26-08881.2003
Hains, 2004, Altered sodium channel expression in second-order spinal sensory neurons contributes to pain after peripheral nerve injury, J Neurosci, 24, 4832, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0300-04.2004
Hains, 2005, Changes in electrophysiological properties and sodium channel Nav1.3 expression in thalamic neurons after spinal cord injury, Brain, 128, 2359, 10.1093/brain/awh623
Han, 2000, Characteristics of ectopic discharges in a rat neuropathic pain model, Pain, 84, 253, 10.1016/S0304-3959(99)00219-5
Herzog, 2001, Persistent TTX-resistant Na+ current affects resting potential and response to depolarization in simulated spinal sensory neurons, J Neurophysiol, 86, 1351, 10.1152/jn.2001.86.3.1351
Hille, 1972, The permeability of the sodium channel to metal cations in myelinated nerve, J Gen Physiol, 59, 637, 10.1085/jgp.59.6.637
Hirota, 1997, Do local anaesthetics interact with dihydropyridine binding sites on neuronal L-type Ca2+ channels?, Br J Anaesth, 78, 185, 10.1093/bja/78.2.185
Hollmann, 2001, Ca-signaling G-protein–coupled receptors, Reg Anesth Pain Med, 26, 565
Hollmann, 2000, Local anesthetic inhibition of m1 muscarinic acetylcholine signaling, Anesthesiology, 93, 497, 10.1097/00000542-200008000-00030
Hollmann, 2001, Local anesthetic effects on priming and activation of human neutrophils, Anesthesiology, 95, 113, 10.1097/00000542-200107000-00021
Hollmann, 2004, Time-dependent inhibition of G protein–coupled receptor signaling by local anesthetics, Anesthesiology, 100, 852, 10.1097/00000542-200404000-00015
Hollmann, 2002, Inhibition of mammalian Gq protein function by local anesthetics, Anesthesiology, 97, 1451, 10.1097/00000542-200212000-00017
Hollmann, 2001, Inhibition of m3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors by local anaesthetics, Br J Pharmacol, 133, 207, 10.1038/sj.bjp.0704040
Hollmann, 2001, Local anesthetic inhibition of G protein–coupled receptor signaling by interference with Galpha(q) protein function, Mol Pharmacol, 59, 294, 10.1124/mol.59.2.294
Honemann, 1999, Volatile and local anesthetics interfere with thromboxane A2 receptors recombinantly expressed in Xenopus oocytes, Adv Exp Med Biol, 469, 277, 10.1007/978-1-4615-4793-8_41
Hong, 2004, Early painful diabetic neuropathy is associated with differential changes in tetrodotoxin-sensitive and tetrodotoxin-resistant sodium channels in dorsal root ganglion neurons in the rat, J Biol Chem, 279, 29341, 10.1074/jbc.M404167200
Jeftinija, 1994, The role of tetrodotoxin-resistant sodium channels of small primary afferent fibers, Brain Res, 639, 125, 10.1016/0006-8993(94)91772-8
Jett, 1997, The effects of mexiletine, desipramine and fluoxetine in rat models involving central sensitization, Pain, 69, 161, 10.1016/S0304-3959(96)03231-9
Ji, 2001, Neuronal plasticity and signal transduction in nociceptive neurons, Neurobiol Dis, 8, 1, 10.1006/nbdi.2000.0360
Kajander, 1992, Onset of a painful peripheral neuropathy in rat, J Neurophysiol, 68, 734, 10.1152/jn.1992.68.3.734
Kajander, 1992, Spontaneous discharge originates in the dorsal root ganglion at the onset of a painful peripheral neuropathy in the rat, Neurosci Lett, 138, 225, 10.1016/0304-3940(92)90920-3
Kalso, 1998, Systemic local-anaesthetic-type drugs in chronic pain, Eur J Pain, 2, 3, 10.1016/S1090-3801(98)90041-6
Kapoor, 1997, Slow sodium-dependent potential oscillations contribute to ectopic firing in mammalian demyelinated axons, Brain, 120, 647, 10.1093/brain/120.4.647
Kastrup, 1987, Intravenous lidocaine infusion—a new treatment of chronic painful diabetic neuropathy?, Pain, 28, 69, 10.1016/0304-3959(87)91061-X
Kawai, 1985, Simultaneous quantitation of lidocaine and its four metabolites by high-performance liquid chromatography, J Pharm Sci, 74, 1219, 10.1002/jps.2600741116
Kerr, 2001, A role for the TTX-resistant sodium channel Nav 1.8 in NGF-induced hyperalgesia, but not neuropathic pain, Neuroreport, 12, 3077, 10.1097/00001756-200110080-00019
Keynes, 1974, Kinetics and steady-state properties of the charged system controlling sodium conductance in the squid giant axon, J Physiol, 239, 393, 10.1113/jphysiol.1974.sp010575
Khan, 2002, Amitriptyline for prolonged cutaneous analgesia in the rat, Anesthesiology, 96, 109, 10.1097/00000542-200201000-00023
Khasar, 1998, A tetrodotoxin-resistant sodium current mediates inflammatory pain in the rat, Neurosci Lett, 256, 17, 10.1016/S0304-3940(98)00738-1
Khasar, 1999, Epinephrine produces a beta-adrenergic receptor-mediated mechanical hyperalgesia and in vitro sensitization of rat nociceptors, J Neurophysiol, 81, 1104, 10.1152/jn.1999.81.3.1104
Khodorova, 2001, Lidocaine selectively blocks abnormal impulses arising from noninactivating Na channels, Muscle Nerve, 24, 634, 10.1002/mus.1049
Kim, 2001, The changes in expression of three subtypes of TTX-sensitive sodium channels in sensory neurons after spinal nerve ligation, Brain Res Mol Brain Res, 95, 153, 10.1016/S0169-328X(01)00226-1
Kim, 1992, An experimental model for peripheral neuropathy produced by segmental spinal nerve ligation in the rat, Pain, 50, 355, 10.1016/0304-3959(92)90041-9
Koltzenburg, 1994, Nociceptor modulated central sensitization causes mechanical hyperalgesia in acute chemogenic and chronic neuropathic pain, Brain, 117, 579, 10.1093/brain/117.3.579
Kostyuk, 1981, Ionic currents in the somatic membrane of rat dorsal root ganglion neurons—I. Sodium currents, Neuroscience, 6, 2423, 10.1016/0306-4522(81)90088-9
Kovelowski, 2000, Supraspinal cholecystokinin may drive tonic descending facilitation mechanisms to maintain neuropathic pain in the rat, Pain, 87, 265, 10.1016/S0304-3959(00)00290-6
Kral, 1999, Alteration of Na+ currents in dorsal root ganglion neurons from rats with a painful neuropathy, Pain, 81, 15, 10.1016/S0304-3959(98)00264-4
Lai, 2002, Inhibitions of neuropathic pain by decreased expression of the tetrodotoxin-resistant sodium channel, NaV1.8, Pain, 95, 143, 10.1016/S0304-3959(01)00391-8
Laird, 2001, Analgesic activity of a novel use-dependent sodium channel blocker, crobenetine, in mono-arthritic rats, Br J Pharmacol, 134, 1742, 10.1038/sj.bjp.0704428
Laird, 2002, Deficits in visceral pain and referred hyperalgesia in Nav1.8 (SNS/PN3)–null mice, J Neurosci, 22, 8352, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.22-19-08352.2002
Leffler, 2002, GDNF and NGF reverse changes in repriming of TTX-sensitive Na(+) currents following axotomy of dorsal root ganglion neurons, J Neurophysiol, 88, 650, 10.1152/jn.2002.88.2.650
Levine, 1989, Involvement of the mu-opiate receptor in peripheral analgesia, Neuroscience, 32, 571, 10.1016/0306-4522(89)90279-0
Lindia, 2005, Relationship between sodium channel Nav1.3 expression and neuropathic pain behavior in rats, Pain, 117, 145, 10.1016/j.pain.2005.05.027
Liu, 2002, Subthreshold oscillations induced by spinal nerve injury in dissociated muscle and cutaneous afferents of mouse DRG, J Neurophysiol, 87, 2009, 10.1152/jn.00705.2001
Liu, 2000, Spinal nerve injury enhances subthreshold membrane potential oscillations in DRG neurons, J Neurophysiol, 84, 205, 10.1152/jn.2000.84.1.205
Liu, 2000, Tactile allodynia in the absence of C-fiber activation, Pain, 85, 503, 10.1016/S0304-3959(00)00251-7
Liu, 2000, Spontaneous activity of axotomized afferent neurons after L5 spinal nerve injury in rats, Pain, 84, 309, 10.1016/S0304-3959(99)00211-0
Lyu, 2000, Low dose of tetrodotoxin reduces neuropathic pain behaviors in an animal model, Brain Res, 871, 98, 10.1016/S0006-8993(00)02451-3
Malan, 2000, Extraterritorial neuropathic pain correlates with multisegmental elevation of spinal dynorphin in nerve-injured rats, Pain, 86, 185, 10.1016/S0304-3959(00)00243-8
Mao, 2000, Systemic lidocaine for neuropathic pain relief, Pain, 87, 7, 10.1016/S0304-3959(00)00229-3
Mao, 1992, Intrathecal MK-801 and local nerve anesthesia synergistically reduce nociceptive behaviors in rats with experimental peripheral mononeuropathy, Brain Res, 576, 254, 10.1016/0006-8993(92)90688-6
Matzner, 1994, Hyperexcitability at sites of nerve injury depends on voltage-sensitive Na+ channels, J Neurophysiol, 72, 349, 10.1152/jn.1994.72.1.349
Maruyama, 2004, Electrophysiological characterization of the tetrodotoxin-resistant Na+ channel, Na(v)1.9, in mouse dorsal root ganglion neurons, Pflugers Arch, 449, 76, 10.1007/s00424-004-1315-0
Max, 1992, Effects of desipramine, amitriptyline, and fluoxetine on pain in diabetic neuropathy, N Engl J Med, 326, 1250, 10.1056/NEJM199205073261904
Michaelis, 1996, Silent afferents, Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol, 23, 99, 10.1111/j.1440-1681.1996.tb02579.x
Michiels, 2005, Autosomal dominant erthermalgia associated with a novel mutation in the voltage-gated sodium channel (alpha) subunit Nav1.7, Arch Neurol, 62, 1587, 10.1001/archneur.62.10.1587
Nassar, 2005, Neuropathic pain develops normally in mice lacking both Nav1.7 and Nav1.8, Mol Pain, 10.1186/1744-8069-1-24
Nassar, 2004, Nociceptor-specific gene deletion reveals a major role for Nav1.7 (PN1) in acute and inflammatory pain, PNAS, 101, 12706, 10.1073/pnas.0404915101
Nietgen, 1997, Inhibition of lysophosphatidate signaling by lidocaine and bupivacaine, Anesthesiology, 86, 1112, 10.1097/00000542-199705000-00015
Nordin, 1984, Ectopic sensory discharges and paresthesiae in patients with disorders of peripheral nerves, dorsal roots and dorsal columns, Pain, 20, 231, 10.1016/0304-3959(84)90013-7
Novakovic, 1998, Distribution of the tetrodotoxin-resistant sodium channel PN3 in rat sensory neurons in normal and neuropathic conditions, J Neurosci, 18, 2174, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.18-06-02174.1998
Oda, 2000, Characteristics of ropivacaine block of Na+ channels in rat dorsal root ganglion neurons, Anesth Analg, 91, 1213
Okuse, 1997, Regulation of expression of the sensory neuron–specific sodium channel SNS in inflammatory and neuropathic pain, Mol Cell Neurosci, 10, 196, 10.1006/mcne.1997.0657
Omana-Zapata, 1997, QX-314 inhibits ectopic nerve activity associated with neuropathic pain, Brain Res, 771, 228, 10.1016/S0006-8993(97)00770-1
Orozco, 2001, GFRalpha3 is expressed predominantly in nociceptive sensory neurons, Eur J Neurosci, 13, 2177, 10.1046/j.0953-816x.2001.01596.x
Orstavik, 2004, Pain in primary erythromelalgia—a neuropathic component?, Pain, 110, 531, 10.1016/j.pain.2004.03.030
Pancrazio, 1998, Inhibition of neuronal Na+ channels by antidepressant drugs, J Pharmacol Exp Ther, 284, 208
Pedroarena, 1999, Oscillatory membrane potential activity in the soma of a primary afferent neuron, J Neurophysiol, 82, 1465, 10.1152/jn.1999.82.3.1465
Persaud, 2002, Micromolar lidocaine selectively blocks propagating ectopic impulses at a distance from their site of origin, Pain, 99, 333, 10.1016/S0304-3959(02)00163-X
Pertin, 2005, Upregulation of the voltage-gated sodium channel beta2 subunit in neuropathic pain models, J Neurosci, 25, 10970, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3066-05.2005
Pertovaara, 1996, Lidocaine in the rostroventromedial medulla and the periaqueductal gray attenuates allodynia in neuropathic rats, Neurosci Lett, 218, 127, 10.1016/S0304-3940(96)13136-0
Petersen, 1996, Abnormal spontaneous activity and responses to norepinephrine in dissociated dorsal root ganglion cells after chronic nerve constriction, Pain, 67, 391, 10.1016/0304-3959(96)03146-6
Porreca, 1999, A comparison of the potential role of the tetrodotoxin-insensitive sodium channels, PN3/SNS and NaN/SNS2, in rat models of chronic pain, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 96, 7640, 10.1073/pnas.96.14.7640
Porreca, 2002, Chronic pain and medullary descending facilitation, Trends Neurosci, 25, 319, 10.1016/S0166-2236(02)02157-4
Priest, 2005, Contribution of the tetrodotoxin-resistant voltage-gated sodium channel Nav1.9 to sensory transmission and nociceptive behavior, PNAS, 102, 9382, 10.1073/pnas.0501549102
Puig, 1995, Formalin-evoked activity in identified primary afferent fibers, Pain, 64, 345, 10.1016/0304-3959(95)00121-2
Puil, 1988, Electrophysiological responses of trigeminal root ganglion neurons in vitro, Neuroscience, 24, 635, 10.1016/0306-4522(88)90357-0
Ragsdale, 1994, Molecular determinants of state-dependent block of Na+ channels by local anesthetics, Science, 265, 1724, 10.1126/science.8085162
Raymond, 2004, Expression of alternatively spliced sodium channel α-subunit genes, J Biol Chem, 279, 46234, 10.1074/jbc.M406387200
Renganathan, 2000, Alpha-SNS produces the slow TTX-resistant sodium current in large cutaneous afferent DRG neurons, J Neurophysiol, 84, 710, 10.1152/jn.2000.84.2.710
Renganathan, 2001, Contribution of Na(v)1.8 sodium channels to action potential electrogenesis in DRG neurons, J Neurophysiol, 86, 629, 10.1152/jn.2001.86.2.629
Renton, 2005, Sodium channel Nav1.8 immunoreativity in painful human dental pulp, BMC Oral Health, 5, 5, 10.1186/1472-6831-5-5
Ritter, 1992, Somal membrane properties of physiologically identified sensory neurons in the rat, J Neurophysiol, 68, 2033, 10.1152/jn.1992.68.6.2033
Rowbotham, 1995, Topical lidocaine gel relieves postherpetic neuralgia, Ann Neurol, 37, 246, 10.1002/ana.410370216
Rowbotham, 1991, Both intravenous lidocaine and morphine reduce the pain of postherpetic neuralgia, Neurology, 41, 1024, 10.1212/WNL.41.7.1024
Roza, 2003, The tetrodotoxin-resistant Na+ channel Nav1.8 is essential for the expression of spontaneous activity in damaged sensory axons of mice, J Physiol, 550, 921, 10.1113/jphysiol.2003.046110
Rugiero, 2003, Selective expression of a persistent tetrodotoxin-resistant Na+ current and NaV1.9 subunit in myenteric sensory neurons, J Neurosci, 23, 2715, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.23-07-02715.2003
Rush, 2004, PGE2 increases the tetrodotoxin-resistant Nav 1.9 sodium current in mouse DRG neurons via G-proteins, Brain Res, 1023, 345, 10.1016/j.brainres.2004.07.042
Scholz, 1998, Complex blockade of TTX-resistant Na+ currents by lidocaine and bupivacaine reduced firing frequency in DRG neurons, J Neurophysiol, 79, 1746, 10.1152/jn.1998.79.4.1746
Sindrup, 1999, Efficacy of pharmacological treatments of neuropathic pain, Pain, 83, 389, 10.1016/S0304-3959(99)00154-2
Sinnott, 1999, Differential efficacy of intravenous lidocaine in alleviating ipsilateral versus contralateral neuropathic pain in the rat, Pain, 80, 521, 10.1016/S0304-3959(98)00245-0
Sleeper, 2000, Changes in expression of two tetrodotoxin-resistant sodium channels and their currents in dorsal root ganglion neurons after sciatic nerve injury but not rhizotomy, J Neurosci, 20, 7279, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.20-19-07279.2000
Sontheimer, 1996, Voltage-gated Na+ channels in glia, Trends Neurosci, 19, 325, 10.1016/0166-2236(96)10039-4
Sorensen, 2003, NaV1.7/Pn1 sodium channel upregulation and accumulation at demyelinated sites in painful human tooth pulp, Soc Neurosci, 175, 13
Stirling, 2005, Nociceptor-specific gene deletion using heterozygous Nav1.8–Cre recombinase mice, Pain, 113, 27, 10.1016/j.pain.2004.08.015
Strichartz, 1973, The inhibition of sodium currents in myelinated nerve by quaternary derivatives of lidocaine, J Gen Physiol, 62, 37, 10.1085/jgp.62.1.37
Strichartz, 2005, Local anesthetics, 573
Strichartz, 2002, Therapeutic concentrations of local anaesthetics unveil the potential role of sodium channels in neuropathic pain, 189
Su, 1997, Effects of kappa opioid receptor–selective agonists on responses of pelvic nerve afferents to noxious colorectal distension, J Neurophysiol, 78, 1003, 10.1152/jn.1997.78.2.1003
Sudoh, 2003, Tricyclic antidepressants as long-lasting local anesthetics, Pain, 103, 49, 10.1016/S0304-3959(02)00375-5
Sullivan, 1999, Synergistic inhibition of lysophosphatidic acid signaling by charged and uncharged local anesthetics, Anesth Analg, 88, 1117
Sunami, 1997, Sodium channel selectivity filter regulates antiarrhythmic drug binding, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 94, 14126, 10.1073/pnas.94.25.14126
Takao, 1996, Lidocaine attenuates hyperoxic lung injury in rabbits, Acta Anaesthesiol Scand, 40, 318, 10.1111/j.1399-6576.1996.tb04439.x
Tanaka, 1998, SNS Na+ channel expression increases in dorsal root ganglion neurons in the carrageenan inflammatory pain model, Neuroreport, 9, 967, 10.1097/00001756-199804200-00003
Tate, 1998, Two sodium channels contribute to the TTX-R sodium current in primary sensory neurons, Nat Neurosci, 1, 653, 10.1038/3652
Toledo, 1995, A single pulse of nerve growth factor triggers long-term neuronal excitability through sodium channel gene induction, Neuron, 14, 607, 10.1016/0896-6273(95)90317-8
Toledo-Aral, 1997, Identification of PN1, a predominant voltage-dependent sodium channel expressed principally in peripheral neurons, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 94, 1527, 10.1073/pnas.94.4.1527
Tu, 2004, Hyperpolarization-activated, cyclic nucleotide–gated cation channels, J Neurosci Res, 76, 713, 10.1002/jnr.20109
Vandam, 1987, Some aspects of the history of local anesthetics, 1
Villarreal, 2005, The role of Nav1.8 sodium channel in the maintenance of chronic inflammatory hypernociception, Neurosci Lett, 386, 72, 10.1016/j.neulet.2005.04.060
Wall, 1983, Sensory afferent impulses originate from dorsal root ganglia as well as from the periphery in normal and nerve-injured rats, Pain, 17, 321, 10.1016/0304-3959(83)90164-1
Wall, 1974, Ongoing activity in peripheral nerves, Exp Neurol, 43, 580, 10.1016/0014-4886(74)90197-6
Wang, 2003, Glial cell line–derived neurotrophic factor normalizes neurochemical changes in injured dorsal root ganglion neurons and prevents the expression of experimental neuropathic pain, Neurosci, 121, 815, 10.1016/S0306-4522(03)00491-3
Wang, 1996, Distinct local anesthetic affinities in Na+ channel subtypes, Biophys J, 70, 1700, 10.1016/S0006-3495(96)79732-1
Wang, 2000, Residues in Na(+) channel D3-S6 segment modulate both batrachotoxin and local anesthetic affinities, Biophys J, 79, 1379, 10.1016/S0006-3495(00)76390-9
Wang, 1998, Point mutations in segment I-S6 render voltage-gated Na+ channels resistant to batrachotoxin, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 95, 2653, 10.1073/pnas.95.5.2653
Waxman, 1994, Type III sodium channel mRNA is expressed in embryonic but not adult spinal sensory neurons, and is reexpressed following axotomy, J Neurophysiol, 72, 466, 10.1152/jn.1994.72.1.466
Woolf, 1983, Evidence for a central component of post-injury pain hypersensitivity, Nature, 306, 686, 10.1038/306686a0
Woolf, 1994, Nerve growth factor contributes to the generation of inflammatory sensory hypersensitivity, Neuroscience, 62, 327, 10.1016/0306-4522(94)90366-2
Wright, 1997, Differences in steady-state inactivation between Na channel isoforms affect local anesthetic binding affinity, Biophys J, 73, 779, 10.1016/S0006-3495(97)78110-4
Wu, 2002, Degeneration of myelinated efferent fibers induces spontaneous activity in uninjured C-fiber afferents, J Neurosci, 22, 7746, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.22-17-07746.2002
Wu, 2001, Membrane resonance and subthreshold membrane oscillations in mesencephalic V neurons, J Neurosci, 21, 3729, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.21-11-03729.2001
Xiao, 1996, Gabapentin has an antinociceptive effect mediated via a spinal site of action in a rat model of painful peripheral neuropathy, Analgesia, 2, 267
Xiao, 1997, Electrophysiological characteristics of primary afferent fibers after systemic administration of antiGD2 ganglioside antibody, Pain, 69, 145, 10.1016/S0304-3959(96)03280-0
Xing, 2003, Subthreshold membrane potential oscillation mediates the excitatory effect of norepinephrine in chronically compressed dorsal root ganglion neurons in the rat, Pain, 105, 177, 10.1016/S0304-3959(03)00200-8
Xing, 2001, Subthreshold membrane potential oscillations of type A neurons in injured DRG, Brain Res, 901, 128, 10.1016/S0006-8993(01)02329-0
Xiong, 1999, Local anesthetics inhibit the G protein-mediated modulation of K+ and Ca++ currents in anterior pituitary cells, Mol Pharmacol, 55, 150, 10.1124/mol.55.1.150
Yang, 2003, Peripheral group II metabotropic glutamate receptors mediate endogenous antiallodynia in inflammation, Pain, 106, 411, 10.1016/j.pain.2003.08.011
Yang, 2004, Group II metabotropic glutamate receptors inhibit cAMP-dependent protein kinase–mediated enhancement of tetrodotoxin-resistant sodium currents in mouse dorsal root ganglion neurons, Neurosci Lett, 357, 159, 10.1016/j.neulet.2003.11.074
Yang, 2004, Mutations in SCN9A, encoding a sodium channel alpha subunit, in patients with primary erythermalgia, J Med Genet, 41, 171, 10.1136/jmg.2003.012153
Yoshimura, 2001, The involvement of the tetrodotoxin-resistant sodium channel Na(v)1.8 (PN3/SNS) in a rat model of visceral pain, J Neurosci, 21, 8690, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.21-21-08690.2001
Zhang, 2004, NGF-mediated sensitization of the excitability of rat sensory neurons is prevented by a blocking antibody to the p75 neurotrophin receptor, Neurosci Lett, 366, 187, 10.1016/j.neulet.2004.05.042
Zhang, 2002, Ceramide, a putative second messenger for nerve growth factor, modulates the TTX-resistant Na(+) current and delayed rectifier K(+) current in rat sensory neurons, J Physiol, 544, 385, 10.1113/jphysiol.2002.024265
Zhang, 2004, Differential action potentials and firing patterns in injured and uninjured small dorsal root ganglion neurons after nerve injury, Brain Res, 1009, 147, 10.1016/j.brainres.2004.02.057