The Role of Radiation Therapy in the Treatment of Testicular Germ Cell Tumors

Andrews, 1987, Testicular seminoma: Results of a program of megavoltage irradiation, Am J Clin Oncol, 10, 491, 10.1097/00000421-198712000-00006 Asbell, 1965, Retroperitoneal geminomas (seminomas) without evidence of testicular involvement, Cancer, 18, 273, 10.1002/1097-0142(196503)18:3<273::AID-CNCR2820180304>3.0.CO;2-3 Bagshaw, 1969, Definitive radiotherapy of primary mediastinal seminoma, AJR, 105, 86, 10.2214/ajr.105.1.86 Ball, 1982, The management of metastatic seminoma testis, Cancer, 50, 2289, 10.1002/1097-0142(19821201)50:11<2289::AID-CNCR2820501112>3.0.CO;2-X Bush, 1981, Primary mediastinal seminoma, Cancer, 48, 1877, 10.1002/1097-0142(19811015)48:8<1877::AID-CNCR2820480827>3.0.CO;2-B Buskirk, 1982, Primary retroperitoneal seminoma, Cancer, 49, 1934, 10.1002/1097-0142(19820501)49:9<1934::AID-CNCR2820490930>3.0.CO;2-T Choi, 1988, Mediastinal germ cell tumors, 205 Clamon, 1983, Management of primary mediastinal seminoma, Chest, 83, 263, 10.1378/chest.83.2.263 Clemm, 1986, Vinblastine-ifosfamide-cisplatin treatment of bulky seminoma, Cancer, 58, 2203, 10.1002/1097-0142(19861115)58:10<2203::AID-CNCR2820581007>3.0.CO;2-S Cox, 1975, Primary malignant germinal tumors of the mediastinum: A study of 24 cases, Cancer, 36, 1162, 10.1002/1097-0142(197509)36:3<1162::AID-CNCR2820360351>3.0.CO;2-0 Doornbos, 1975, Radiotherapy for pure seminoma of the testis, Radiology, 116, 401, 10.1148/116.2.401 Dosoretz, 1981, Megavoltge irradiation for pure testicular seminoma: Results and patterns of failure, Cancer, 48, 2184, 10.1002/1097-0142(19811115)48:10<2184::AID-CNCR2820481012>3.0.CO;2-4 Duchesne, 1990, Orchiectomy alone for stage I seminoma of the testis, Cancer, 65, 1115, 10.1002/1097-0142(19900301)65:5<1115::AID-CNCR2820650513>3.0.CO;2-6 Duncan, 1987, The management of testicular seminoma: Edinburgh 1970-1981, Br J Cancer, 55, 443, 10.1038/bjc.1987.87 Earle, 1973, Supervoltage radiation therapy of the testicular tumors, AJR, 117, 653, 10.2214/ajr.117.3.653 Economou, 1982, Management of primary germ cell tumors of the mediastinum, J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 83, 643, 10.1016/S0022-5223(19)37202-2 Einhorn, 1989, Cancer of the testes, 1071 Einhorn, 1980, Chemotherapy of disseminated seminoma, Cancer Clin Trials, 3, 307 El-Domeiri, 1968, Primary seminoma of the anterior mediastinum, Ann Thorac Surg, 6, 513, 10.1016/S0003-4975(10)66116-4 Ellerbroek, 1988, Testicular seminoma: A study of 103 cases treated at UCLA, Am J Clin Oncol, 11, 93, 10.1097/00000421-198804000-00001 Ellis, 1960, The distribution of active bone marrow in the adult, Phys Med Biol, 5, 255, 10.1088/0031-9155/5/3/302 Epstein, 1990, Staging, treatment and results in testicular seminoma: A 12 year report, Cancer, 65, 405, 10.1002/1097-0142(19900201)65:3<405::AID-CNCR2820650305>3.0.CO;2-# Evensen, 1985, Testicular seminoma: Analysis of treatment and failure for stage II disease, Radiat Oncol, 4, 55, 10.1016/S0167-8140(85)80062-1 Fossa, 1989, Radiotherapy for testicular seminoma stage I: Treatment results and long-term post-irradiation morbidity in 365 patients, Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 16, 383, 10.1016/0360-3016(89)90334-9 Fossa, 1989, Long-term morbidity after infradiaphragmatic radiotherapy in young men with testicular cancer, Cancer, 64, 404, 10.1002/1097-0142(19890715)64:2<404::AID-CNCR2820640211>3.0.CO;2-7 Fossa, 1986, Post-treatment fertility in patients with testicular cancer: Influence of radiotherapy in seminoma patients, Br J Urol, 58, 315, 10.1111/j.1464-410X.1986.tb09062.x Fossa, 1987, The treatment of advanced metastatic seminoma: Experience in 55 cases, J Clin Oncol, 5, 1071, 10.1200/JCO.1987.5.7.1071 Friedman, 1985, Therapeutic guidelines and results in advanced seminoma, J Clin Oncol, 3, 1325, 10.1200/JCO.1985.3.10.1325 Gregory, 1986, Results of radiotherapy for stage II testicular seminoma, Radiat Oncol, 6, 285, 10.1016/S0167-8140(86)80195-5 Gressler, 1990, A third option in the management of patients with clinical stage I non-seminomatous germ cell tumor?, J Clin Oncol, 8, 4, 10.1200/JCO.1990.8.1.4 Hahn, 1982, Recovery from aspermia induced by low-dose radiation in seminoma patients, Cancer, 50, 337, 10.1002/1097-0142(19820715)50:2<337::AID-CNCR2820500229>3.0.CO;2-6 Hamilton, 1987, Gastrointestinal morbidity of adjuvant radiation therapy in stage I malignant teratoma of the testis, Radiat Oncol, 10, 85, 10.1016/S0167-8140(87)80049-X Hamilton, 1986, Radiotherapy for stage I seminoma testis: Results of treatment and complications, Radiat Oncol, 6, 115, 10.1016/S0167-8140(86)80017-2 Hanks, 1981, Patterns of care outcome studies: Results of the national practice in seminoma of the testis, Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 7, 1413, 10.1016/0360-3016(81)90038-9 Hay, 1984, Subsequent malignancies in patients irradiated for testicular tumours, Br J Radiol, 57, 597, 10.1259/0007-1285-57-679-597 Hay, 1984, Radiotherapy of testicular tumours: An analysis of patients treated in Scotland between 1950 and 1969, Clin Radiol, 35, 13, 10.1016/S0009-9260(84)80218-4 Hoskins, 1986, Prognostic factors in stage I non-seminomatous germ-cell testicular tumors managed by orchiectomy and surveillance: Implications for adjuvant chemotherapy, J Clin Oncol, 4, 1031, 10.1200/JCO.1986.4.7.1031 Hunter, 1989, Testicular seminoma: Results of the Yale University Experience, 1964-1984, Cancer, 64, 1608, 10.1002/1097-0142(19891015)64:8<1608::AID-CNCR2820640809>3.0.CO;2-1 Hurt, 1982, Primary anterior mediastinal seminoma, Cancer, 49, 1658, 10.1002/1097-0142(19820415)49:8<1658::AID-CNCR2820490821>3.0.CO;2-G Israel, 1985, The results of chemotherapy for extragonadal germ-cell tumors in the cisplatin era: The Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center Experience (1975-1982, J Clin Oncol, 3, 1073, 10.1200/JCO.1985.3.8.1073 Jain, 1984, The treatment of extragonadal seminoma, J Clin Oncol, 2, 820, 10.1200/JCO.1984.2.7.820 Kellokumpu-Lehtinen, 1990, Results of treatment in irradiated testicular seminoma patients, Radiat Oncol, 18, 1, 10.1016/0167-8140(90)90017-Q Kersh, 1990, Primary malignant extragonadal germ cell tumors: An analysis of the effect of radiotherapy, Cancer, 65, 2681, 10.1002/1097-0142(19900615)65:12<2681::AID-CNCR2820651214>3.0.CO;2-V Kiffer, 1989, Primary malignant mediastinal germ cell tumors: A study of eleven cases and a review of the literature, Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 17, 835, 10.1016/0360-3016(89)90075-8 Kudo, 1982, Reduction of the scatter dose of the testicle outside the radiation treatment fields, Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 8, 1741, 10.1016/0360-3016(82)90296-6 Laukkanen, 1988, Management of seminoma with bulky abdominal disease, Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 14, 227, 10.1016/0360-3016(88)90425-7 Lavey, 1990, Impact on second malignancy risk of the combined use of radiation and chemotherapy for lymphomas, Cancer, 66, 80, 10.1002/1097-0142(19900701)66:1<80::AID-CNCR2820660116>3.0.CO;2-9 Lederman, 1989, Radiation therapy of seminoma: 17 year experience at the Joint Center for Radiation Therapy, Radiat Oncol, 14, 203, 10.1016/0167-8140(89)90168-0 Lederman, 1987, Cardiac disease after mediastinal irradiation for seminoma, Cancer, 60, 772, 10.1002/1097-0142(19870815)60:4<772::AID-CNCR2820600411>3.0.CO;2-A Lee, 1985, Primary seminoma of the mediastinum: Cancer Control Agency of British Columbia experience, Cancer, 55, 450, 10.1002/1097-0142(19850115)55:2<450::AID-CNCR2820550227>3.0.CO;2-1 Lester, 1986, Testicular seminoma: Analysis of treatment results and failures, Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 12, 353, 10.1016/0360-3016(86)90350-0 Loehrer, 1987, Chemotherapy of metastatic seminoma: The Southeastern Cancer Study Group experience, J Clin Oncol, 5, 1212, 10.1200/JCO.1987.5.8.1212 Logothetis, 1987, Cyclophosphamide and sequential cisplatin for advanced seminoma: Long-term follow-up in 52 patients, J Urol, 138, 789, 10.1016/S0022-5347(17)43376-3 Logothetis, 1985, Chemotherapy of extragonadal germ cell tumors, J Clin Oncol, 3, 316, 10.1200/JCO.1985.3.3.316 Maier, 1977, Carcinoma of the testis, Cancer, 39, 981, 10.1002/1097-0142(197702)39:2+<981::AID-CNCR2820390738>3.0.CO;2-Q Maier, 1973, Radiation therapy in malignant testis tumors, Cancer, 32, 1217, 10.1002/1097-0142(197311)32:5<1217::AID-CNCR2820320531>3.0.CO;2-Q Maier, 1968, Seminoma of testis: Analysis of treatment success and failure, AJR, 102, 596, 10.2214/ajr.102.3.596 Marks, 1990, Testicular seminoma: Clinical and pathological features that may predict para-aortic lymph node metastases, J Urol, 143, 524, 10.1016/S0022-5347(17)40008-5 Marks, 1991, The role of lymphangiography in staging testicular seminoma, Urology, 38, 264, 10.1016/S0090-4295(91)80360-J Martini, 1974, Primary mediastinal germ cell tumors, Cancer, 33, 763, 10.1002/1097-0142(197403)33:3<763::AID-CNCR2820330323>3.0.CO;2-E Mason, 1988, Radiotherapy for stage 2 testicular seminoma: The prognostic influence of tumor bulk, J Clin Oncol, 6, 1856, 10.1200/JCO.1988.6.12.1856 Mauch, 1979, The significance of positive chorionic gonadotropins in apparently pure seminoma of the testis, Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 5, 887, 10.1016/0360-3016(79)90073-7 Medini, 1979, The management of extratesticular seminoma without gonadal involvement, Cancer, 44, 2032, 10.1002/1097-0142(197912)44:6<2032::AID-CNCR2820440612>3.0.CO;2-6 Mirimanoff, 1985, Pure seminoma of the testis: The results of radiation therapy in patients with elevated human chorionic gonadotropin titers, J Urol, 134, 1124, 10.1016/S0022-5347(17)47653-1 Motzer, 1987, Residual mass: An indication for further therapy in patients with advanced seminoma following systemic chemotherapy, J Clin Oncol, 5, 1064, 10.1200/JCO.1987.5.7.1064 Oliver, 1984, Surveillance for stage I seminoma and single agent cisplatinum for metastatic seminoma (abstract, Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol, 3, 162 Peckham, 1985, Advanced seminoma: Treatment with cisplatinum based combination chemotherapy or carboplatin (JM8, Br J Cancer, 52, 7, 10.1038/bjc.1985.141 Pizzocaro, 1986, Cisplatin combination chemotherapy in advanced seminoma, Cancer, 58, 1625, 10.1002/1097-0142(19861015)58:8<1625::AID-CNCR2820580807>3.0.CO;2-B Polansky, 1979, Primary mediastinal seminoma, AJR, 132, 17, 10.2214/ajr.132.1.17 Pont, 1990, Risk-adapted treatment choice in stage I non-seminomatous testicular germ cell cancer by regarding vascular invasion in the primary tumor: A prospective trial, J Clin Oncol, 8, 16, 10.1200/JCO.1990.8.1.16 Raghavan, 1980, Mediastinal seminomas, Cancer, 46, 1187, 10.1002/1097-0142(19800901)46:5<1187::AID-CNCR2820460518>3.0.CO;2-2 Read, 1986, The role of radiotherapy after chemotherapy in the management of persistent para-aortic nodal disease in non-seminomatous germ cell tumors, Br J Cancer, 53, 623, 10.1038/bjc.1986.105 Read, 1983, Radiotherapy in seminoma of the testis, Clin Radiol, 34, 469, 10.1016/S0009-9260(83)80251-7 Recondo, 1978, Mediastinal extragonadal germ cell tumor, Urology, 11, 369, 10.1016/0090-4295(78)90234-0 Rorth, 1987, Orchiectomy alone versus orchiectomy plus radiotherapy in stage I non-seminomatous testicular cancer: A randomized study by the Danish Testicular Carcinoma study group, Int J Andrology, 10, 255, 10.1111/j.1365-2605.1987.tb00191.x Rowley, 1974, Effect of graded doses of ionizing radiation on the human testis, Radiat Res, 59, 665, 10.2307/3574084 Sagerman, 1989, Stage II seminoma: Results of postorchiec tomy irradiation, Radiology, 172, 565, 10.1148/radiology.172.2.2748840 Schantz, 1972, Mediastinal germinoma: A study of 21 cases with an excellent prognosis, Cancer, 30, 1189, 10.1002/1097-0142(197211)30:5<1189::AID-CNCR2820300508>3.0.CO;2-9 Schuette, 1985, Chemotherapy of metastatic seminoma, Br J Cancer, 51, 467, 10.1038/bjc.1985.67 Schultz, 1984, Testicular seminoma in Denmark 1976-1980: Results of treatment, Acta Radiologica Oncol, 23, 263, 10.3109/02841868409136022 Shipley, 1988, Genitourinary cancer, 262 Smalley, 1990, Modern radiotherapy results with bulky stages II and III seminoma, J Urol, 144, 684, 10.1016/S0022-5347(17)39555-1 Smalley, 1985, Radiotherapy as initial treatment for bulky stage II testicular seminomas, J Clin Oncol, 3, 1333, 10.1200/JCO.1985.3.10.1333 Sommer, 1990, Treatment results and acute and late toxicity of radiation therapy for testicular seminoma, Cancer, 66, 259, 10.1002/1097-0142(19900715)66:2<259::AID-CNCR2820660211>3.0.CO;2-O Srougi, 1985, Vinblastine, actinomycin D, bleomycin, cyclophosphamide and cisplatinum for advanced germ cell testis tumors: Brazilian experience, J Urol, 134, 65, 10.1016/S0022-5347(17)46983-7 Stanton, 1985, VAB-6 as initial treatment of patients with advanced seminoma, J Clin Oncol, 3, 336, 10.1200/JCO.1985.3.3.336 Stein, 1986, Testicular seminoma: Results of treatment at the Northern Israel Oncology Center, Oncology, 43, 89, 10.1159/000226341 Steinfeld, 1988, Controversies in management of stages I and II testicular seminomas, Urology, 31, 202, 10.1016/0090-4295(88)90139-2 Thomas, 1985, Controversies in the management of testicular seminoma, Cancer, 55, 2296, 10.1002/1097-0142(19850501)55:9+<2296::AID-CNCR2820551438>3.0.CO;2-V Thomas, 1982, Seminoma of the testis: Results of treatment and patterns of failure after radiation therapy, Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 8, 165, 10.1016/0360-3016(82)90509-0 Thomas, 1989, Study of postorchiectomy surveillance in stage I testicular seminoma, J Urol, 142, 313, 10.1016/S0022-5347(17)38742-6 Tucker, 1988, Risk of second cancers after treatment for Hodgkin's disease, N Engl J Med, 318, 76, 10.1056/NEJM198801143180203 Tyrrell, 1976, The response of lymph node metastases of testicular teratoma to radiation therapy, Br J Urol, 48, 363, 10.1111/j.1464-410X.1976.tb06654.x van der Werf-Messing, 1976, Radiotherapeutic treatment of testicular tumors, Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 1, 235, 10.1016/0360-3016(76)90045-6 von der Maase, 1984, Non-seminomatous testicular germ cell tumours in Denmark 1976-1980: Results of treatment, Acta Radiologica Oncol, 23, 255, 10.3109/02841868409136021 Vugrin, 1981, Chemotherapy of disseminated seminoma with combination of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II) and cycloposphamide, Cancer Clin Trials, 4, 423 Wilkinson, 1988, The treatment of advanced seminoma with chemotherapy and radiotherapy, Br J Cancer, 57, 100, 10.1038/bjc.1988.18 Willan, 1985, Seminoma of the testis: A 22 year experience with radiation therapy, Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 11, 1769, 10.1016/0360-3016(85)90030-6 Williams, 1987, Immediate adjuvant chemotherapy versus observation with treatment at relapse in pathological stage II testicular cancer, N Engl J Med, 317, 1433, 10.1056/NEJM198712033172303 Zagars, 1988, Seminoma with bulky abdominal disease, Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 14, 395, 10.1016/0360-3016(88)90450-6 Zagars, 1987, Stage I testicular seminoma: Rationale for postorchiectomy radi ation therapy, Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 13, 155, 10.1016/0360-3016(87)90122-2 Zagars, 1987, The role of radiation in stage II testicular seminoma, Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 13, 163, 10.1016/0360-3016(87)90123-4