The Role of Interventional Cardiology to Our Understanding of Basic Mechanisms Related to Coronary Atherosclerosis: “Thinking outside the box”

Boudoulas, 2016, Coronary atherosclerosis: pathophysiologic basis for diagnosis and management, Progress in Cardiovasc Diseases, 58, 676, 10.1016/j.pcad.2016.04.003 Acierno, 1994 Heberden, 1772, Some account of a disorder on the breast. Medical Transactions, The Royal College of Physicians London, 2, 59 Herrick, 1912, Clinical features of sudden obstruction of coronary arteries, JAMA, 59, 2015, 10.1001/jama.1912.04270120001001 Tousoulis, 2014, Innate and adaptive inflammation as a therapeutic target in vascular disease, J Am Coll Cardiol, 63, 2491, 10.1016/j.jacc.2014.01.054 Ahn, 2015, Randomized trial of stents versus bypass surgery for left main coronary artery disease, J Am Coll Cardiol, 65, 2198, 10.1016/j.jacc.2015.03.033 Ellis, 2015, Everolimus –eluting bioabsorbable scaffolds for coronary artery disease, N Engl J Med, 373, 1905, 10.1056/NEJMoa1509038 Proudfit, 1966, Selective cine coronary arteriography. Correlation with clinical findings in 1,000 patients, Circulation, 33, 901, 10.1161/01.CIR.33.6.901 Litlle, 1988, Can coronary angiography predict the site of a subsequent myocardial infarction in patients with mild-to-moderate coronary artery stenosis?, Circulation, 78, 1157, 10.1161/01.CIR.78.5.1157 Ambrose, 1988, Angiographic progression of coronary artery disease and the development of myocardial infarction, J Am Coll Cardiol, 12, 56, 10.1016/0735-1097(88)90356-7 Curzen, 2016, Does the routine availability of computed tomography- derived fractional flow reserve (FFTCT) influence management strategy of patients with stable chest pain compared to CT angiography alone? The FFRCT PIPCORD Study, JACC Cardiovasc Imaging, 9, 1188, 10.1016/j.jcmg.2015.12.026 Arbah-Zadeh, 2016, What will take to retire invasive coronary angiography?, JACC Cardiovasc Imaging, 9, 565, 10.1016/j.jcmg.2015.09.013 Norgaard, 2014, Diagnostic performance of noninvasive fractional flow reserve derived from coronary computed angiography in suspected coronary artery disease. The NXT trial, J Am Coll Cardiol, 63, 1145, 10.1016/j.jacc.2013.11.043 Moreno, 2014, Thinking outside the lumen. Fractional flow reserve versus intravascular imaging for major adverse cardiac event prediction, J Am Coll Cardiol, 63, 1141, 10.1016/j.jacc.2013.07.072 Gruntzing, 1978, Transluminal dilatation of coronary artery stenosis, Lancet, 263, 263, 10.1016/S0140-6736(78)90500-7 Siward, 1987, Intravascular stents to prevent occlusion and restenosis after transluminal angioplasty, N Engl J Med, 316, 701, 10.1056/NEJM198703193161201 Constantinides, 1966, Plaque fissures in human atherosclerosis plaques, J Atheroscl Res, 6, 1, 10.1016/S0368-1319(66)80056-X Roberts, 1972, The frequency and significance of coronary arterial thrombi and other observations in fatale acute myocardial infarction: a study of 107 necropsy patients, Am J Med, 52, 425, 10.1016/0002-9343(72)90033-2 DeWood, 1990, Angiography in 322 patients within 24 hours of myocardial infarction, N Engl J Med, 303, 897, 10.1056/NEJM198010163031601 Markis, 1981, Myocardial salvage after intracoronary thrombolysis with streptokinase in acute myocardial infarction-assessment by intracoronary Thallium 201, N Engl J Med, 305, 777, 10.1056/NEJM198110013051401 Gruppo Italiano per tostudio della Streptochinasi nell' Infarto Miocardico (GISSI), 1986, Effectiveness of intravenous thrombolytic treatment in acute myocardial infarction, Lancet, 1, 397 Keley, 2003, Primary angioplasty versus intravenous thrombolystic therapy for acute myocardial infarction: a quantitative review of 23 randomized trials, Lancet, 361, 213 Hahalis, 2015, Parenteral Anticoagulants in Acute Coronary Syndromes and Interventional Cardiology: A Consensus Document, Hellenic J Cardiol, 56, 379 Stakos, 2015, Expression of functional tissue factor by neutrophic extracellular traps in culprit artery of acute myocardial infarction, Eur Heart J, 36, 1405, 10.1093/eurheartj/ehv007 Nissen, 2006, Effects of very high-intensity therapy on regression of coronary atherosclerosis: the ASTEROID trial, JAMA, 295, 1556, 10.1001/jama.295.13.jpc60002 Taruya, 2015, Vasa-vasorum restructuring in human atherosclerotic plaque vulnerability: a clinical optical coherence tomography study, Am J Coll Cardiol, 65, 2469, 10.1016/j.jacc.2015.04.020 Bourantas, 2013, Clinical and angiographic characteristics of patients likely to have vulnerable plaques. Analysis from PROSPECT study, J Am Coll Cardiol Imag, 6, 1263, 10.1016/j.jcmg.2013.04.015 Ge, 1999, screening of rupture plaques in patients with coronary artery disease by intravascular ultrasound, Heart, 81, 621, 10.1136/hrt.81.6.621 Karanasos, 2015, Early and late optical coherence tomography findings following everolimus-eluting bioresorbable vascular scaffold implantation in myocardial infarction: a preliminary report, Hellenic J Cardiol, 56, 125 Stefanadid, 2007, Relation between local temperature and C-reactive protein levels in patients with coronary artery disease: effects of atorvastatin treatment, Atherosclerosis, 192, 396, 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2006.05.038 Stefanadis, 2004, Temperature of blood in the coronary sinus ad right atrium in patients with and without coronary artery disease, Am J Cardiol, 93, 207, 10.1016/j.amjcard.2003.09.040 Nahrendorf, 2015, Imaging systemic inflammatory networks in ischemic heart disease, J Am Coll Cardiol, 65, 1583, 10.1016/j.jacc.2015.02.034 Puri, 2013, C-reactive protein, but not low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, associate with coronary atheroma regression and cardiovascular events after maximally intensive statin therapy, Circulation, 128, 2395, 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.004243 Brown, 1990, Regression of coronary artery disease as a result of intensive lipid-lowering therapy in men with high levels of apolopoprotein-B, NEngl J Med, 323, 1289, 10.1056/NEJM199011083231901 Boudoulas, 1982, Left ventricular dysfunction is a determinant of improve survival with beta-blockade therapy following myocardial infarction, Circulation, 66, 10 Boudoulas, 1984, Identification of patients with improved survival following coronary bypass surgery, Cardiology, 71, 247, 10.1159/000173673 Passamani, 1985, A randomized trial of coronary artery surgery. Survival of patients with low ejection fraction, N Engl J Med, 312, 1665, 10.1056/NEJM198506273122603 Mamas, 2014, Impact of left ventricular function in relation to procedural outcomes following percutaneous coronary intervention: insights from the British Cardiovascular Intervention Society, Eur Heart J, 35, 3004, 10.1093/eurheartj/ehu303 Valazquez, 2016, Coronary artery bypass surgery in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy, N Engl J Med, 374, 1511, 10.1056/NEJMoa1602001 Boudoulas, 2009, Cardiac repair and regeneration: the Rubik’s cube of cell therapy for heart disease, Dis Model Mech, 2, 344, 10.1242/dmm.000240 Thomas, 1974 Shah, 2014, Vaccine for atherosclerosis, J Am Coll Cardiol, 64, 2779, 10.1016/j.jacc.2014.10.018 Robinson, 2014, Curing atherosclerosis should be the next major cardiovascular prevention goal, J Am Coll Cardiol, 63, 2779, 10.1016/j.jacc.2014.04.009 Osborn, 2013, The advancing clinical impact of molecular imaging in CVD, J Am Coll Cardiol Img, 6, 1327, 10.1016/j.jcmg.2013.09.014 Kathiresan, 2015, Developing medicines that mimic the natural successes of the human genome, J Am Coll Cardiol, 65, 1562, 10.1016/j.jacc.2015.02.049 Stefanadis, 2015, The evolving landscape of interventional cardiology: “because we should”, Hellenic J Cardiol, 56, 107